Intro To Joints & Ligaments Flashcards
From powerpoint 2
Describe the two general classification systems for joints
Function - Degree of movement permitted at the joint
Structure - Determined by presence or absence of joint space and type of connective tissue supporting the joint
Describe synarthrosis and give an example
- Apossing structures are closely bound by tough connective tissue
- Relatively immobile
Ex. Skull sutures
Describe amphiarthrosis and give examples
- Apposing structures are closely bound by fibrous connective tissue (fibrocartilage) or hyaline cartilage
- Somewhat mobile
Ex. 1st sternocostal joint pubic symphysis
Describe diarthrosis and give examples
- Apposing structures are highly mobile thus unstable
- Joint capsule surrounds joint cavity containing synovial fluid
- Hyaline cartilage covering apposing surfaces
-Most common type of joint
Ex. Tibiofemoral, facet joints, radiohumeral and ulnohumeral
Describe fibrous joints and name the subclassifications types
Joints with little to no movement
Ex. Suture, gomphosis, syndesmosis
Describe cartilagenous joints and name the subclassifications
Joints with moderate moveability
Ex. Synchondrosis, symphysis
Describe synovial joints and name the different types
Highly mobile, has joint cavity, capsule, synovial fluid, and hyaline cartilage on apposing surfaces
- Plane (planar)
- Hinge
- Conyloid
- Saddle
- Ball and Socket
- Pivot
Describe suture joints and where they are located
- Synarthrotic, fibrous
- Located in skull called skull sutures
Describe gomphosis
- Synarthrotic, fibrous
- Refers to teeth joints (tooth fits in to mandibular and maxillary alveoli
- Periodontal ligaments made of fibrocartilage bind teeth to sockets
Describe syndesmosis
- Amphiarthrotic, fibrous
- Fibrocartilage or interosseous membrane between apposing bones
Describe synchondrosis
-Amphiarthrotic, cartilagenous
-Hylaine cartilage binds apposing surfaces
Describe symphysis
-Amphiarthrotic, cartilagenous
-Hyaline cartilage on apposing surfaces with a fibrocartilagenous disc between
Describe plane (planar) joints, its motions, and give examples
-Diarthroidal, synovial
-Flat or slight curved
-Slide and glide between neighbouring bones
-Multi-axial or non-axial
Ex. Intercarpal joints, accromioclavicular joint
Describe hinge joints, its motions, and give examples
-Diathroidal, synovial
-Convex bone fits into concave bone
-Flexion/extension type motions
-Uniaxial
Ex. Radiohumeral and ulnohumeral joints, talocrural joint
Describe pivot joints, its motions and give examples
-Diathroidal, synovial
-Projection of one bone articulates with a ring formed by a bone and ligament
-Rotation
-Uniaxial
Ex. Proximal radioulnar, atlantoaxial
Describe conyloid joints, its motions and give examples
-Diathroidal, synovial
-Convexity of one bone articulates with concavity of another
-Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction
-Biaxial
Ex. Radiocarpal joint, metacarpophalangeal joints
Describe saddle joints, its motions and give an example
-Diathroidal, synovial
-Surfaces of saddle shaped bones are oriented onto eachother
-Flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, circumduction
-Biaxial
Ex.1st carpometalcarpal joint
Describe ball and socket joints, its motions and give an example
-Diathroidal, synovial
-Circular head of one bone fits into depression of apposing bone
-All motions
-Multiaxial
Ex. Coxofemoral joint, glenohumeral joint
Describe ligaments and its functions
-Bands of fibrous connective tissue which provide a strong bond between articulating bones
-Mechanical restraint of joint motion
-Proprioception
Name the classifications of ligaments
-Capsular: Made of dense, irregular connective tissue that makes up joint capsule
-Accessory: Dense, regular connective tissue
Describe intracapsular and extracapsular ligaments and give examples
-Intracapsular: Ligament located inside of joint capsule
Ex. ACL, PCL, interosseous ligament
-Extracapsular: Located outside of joint capsule
Ex. MCL, anterior talofibular ligament of ankle
