Bones & Joints Of The Upper Extremity

Question 1

Name the articulating surfaces of the radiohumeral and unlohumeral joints

Answer 1

-Radiohumeral: capitulum of humerus and head of radius
-Ulnohumeral: trochlea of humerus and trochlear notch of ulna

Question 2

Name the joint classification, movements, and plane and axis of the radiohumeral & unlohumeral joints

Answer 2

-Joint classification: uniaxial hinge synovial
-Movements: flexion and extension
-Plane and axis: roughly sagittal plane and medial-lateral axis

Question 3

Describe the capsule of the radiohumeral and ulnohumeral joints, where it is strong and weak, and how movements are limited

Answer 3

-Encloses radiohumeral, ulnohumeral, and proximal radioulnar joints
-Weak anteriorly and posteriorly
-Strengthened medially and laterally by the collateral ligaments
-Elbow extension limited by bony contact between olecranon process of ulna and olecranon fossa of humerus
-Flexion limited by soft tissue approximation between ulna and biceps brachii

Question 4

Describe the medial/ulnar ligament, the attachments, and its limits

Answer 4

-Three bands (anterior, posterior, and oblique) oriented in a triangular shape
-Attaches medial humeral epicondyle to coronoid and olecranon processes
-Limits: valgus force

Question 5

Describe the lateral/radial collateral ligament, the attachments, and its limits

Answer 5

-Fan shaped
-Attaches the lateral humeral epicondyle to annular ligament
-Limits: varus force

Question 6

Name the articulating surfaces and classification of the proximal radioulnar joint

Answer 6

-Articulating surfaces: 1/5 head of radius and radial notch of ulna
-Classification: uniaxial pivot synovial joint

Question 7

Name the movements of the proximal radioulnar joint and its plane and axis

Answer 7

-Movements: pronation and supination
-Plane and axis: no plane, mechanical axis

Question 8

Describe the annular ligament, its function, and its limits

Answer 8

-Encircles radial head
-Forms 4/5 of articular surface of proximal radioulnar joint
-Ensures congruency between radius, ulna, and humerus
Limits: inferior and lateral motion of radius

Question 9

Describe the oblique cord and its limits

Answer 9

-Orientation inferolateral from anterior aspect of ulna to anterior radius
-Limits: supination and inferior radial displacement

Question 10

Name the bursae and fat pads of the elbow and where they are located

Answer 10

-Subtendinous Olecranon Bursa: between olecranon of ulna and triceps tendon
-Subcutaneous Olecranon Bursa: between post aspect of olecranon and superficial fascia
-Fat Pads: outside synovial membrane but inside capsule

Question 11

Name the articulating surfaces, classification, and movements of the middle/intermediate radioulnar joint

Answer 11

-Articulating surfaces: medial interosseous border of radius and lateral interosseous border of ulna
-Classification: fibrous syndesmosis, amphiarthroidal
-Movements: pronation and supination

Question 12

Describe the fibre orientation of the interosseous membrane

Answer 12

-Fibre orientation inferomedial from radius to ulna
-Fibre orientation important in force dispersion during FOOSH

Question 13

Name the articulating surfaces, classification, and movements of th the distal radioulnar joint

Answer 13

-Articulating surfaces: ulnar notch of radius and head of ulna
-Classification: uniaxial pivot synovial
-Movements: pronation and supination

Question 14

Describe the deficiency and synovial membrane of the capsule of the distal radioulnar joint

Answer 14

-Encloses joint but is deficient superiorly
-Synovial membrane extends superiorly within deficient region of capsule to allow compression of fluid on full pronation

Question 15

Describe the fibre orientation and limit of the anterior (palmor/volar) radioulnar ligament

Answer 15

-Orientation: roughly transverse from distal ulna to distal radius
-Limits: supination

Question 16

Describe the fibre orientation and limit of the posterior (dorsal) radioulnar ligament

Answer 16

-Orientation: roughly transverse from the distal ulna to distal radius
-Limits: pronation

Question 17

Name the disc location and function of the trifolar/triradiate cartilage or disc

Answer 17

-Location: between ulnar notch of radius and ulnar styloid
-Function: seperates distal radioulnar joint from radiocarpal joint and absorbs shock between carpals, radius, and ulna

Question 18

Name the articulating surfaces and classification of the radiocarpal joint

Answer 18

-Articulating surfaces: distal radius and trifolar cartilage/disc. Scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum in extreme ulnar deviation
-Classification: biaxial condyloid synovial joint

Question 19

Name the movements and planes and axis’ of the radiocarpal joint

Answer 19

-Flexion and extension: sagittal plane and medial-lateral axis
-Radial and ulnar deviation: occurs in coronal plane and anterior-posterior axis

Question 20

Describe the capsule of the radiocarpal joint

Answer 20

-Attaches distal radius and ulna to proximal carpals
-Loose with many folds
-Separate from capsule from distal radioulnar joint