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PSY 4314 > intro to io > Flashcards

intro to io Flashcards

1
Q

a branch of psychology that applies the principles of psychology to the workplace

A

industrial-organizational psychology

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2
Q

focuses on determining the competencies needed to perform a job, staffing the organization with employees who have those competencies, and increasing those competencies through training

A

industrial

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3
Q

creates an organizational structure and culture that will motivate employees to perform well, give them the necessary information to do their jobs, and provide working conditions that are safe and result in an enjoyable and satisfying work/life environment.

A

organizational

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3
Q

topics of interest for io psychologists

A
  • human resources development
  • organizational psychology
  • workplace characteristics
  • engineering psychology
  • consumer psychology
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4
Q

topic of interest for io psychologists:
- selection
- testing
- performance appraisal
- training and development

A

human resources development

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5
Q

topic of interest for io psychologists:
- leadership
- motivation, satisfaction, involvement
- organization

A

organizational psychology

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6
Q

topic of interest for io psychologists:
- working conditions
- safety, violence and health
- stress

A

workplace characteristics

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7
Q

topic of interest for io psychologists:
- workplace design
- ergonomics

A

engineering psychology

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8
Q

topic of interest for io psychologists:
- focus group discussions
- studying consumer behavior

A

consumer psychology

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9
Q

they are able to apply psychological theories to explain and enhance the effectiveness of human behavior in the workplace

A

industrial psychologist

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10
Q

there’s an impact on human behavior

A

effectivity

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11
Q

what are the marketable skills of an io psychologist

A
  • psychological testing and survey construction and validation
  • human resources selection and placement
  • performance appraisal
  • fair employment practices
  • employee training
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12
Q

skills valued by employers that can be applied in various work settings

A

marketable skills

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13
Q

challenges for io psychology

A
  • rapidly changing nature of work
  • contingent or temporary workers
  • worker involvement
  • different generations-different values
  • increasing demographic diversity
  • technological advances
  • worker literacy
  • globalization
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14
Q

alternative work site around 1 to 3 days a week

A

telecommuting

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15
Q

use of broadband connection, computer or phone lines or any other electronic media; virtual workplace and virtual workers

A

traditional office

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16
Q

silent generation

A

1922-1945

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17
Q

baby boomers

A

1946-1964

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18
Q

generation x

A

1965-1979

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19
Q

generation y

A

born after 1980

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20
Q

types of jobs for io psychologists

A
  • human resource consultant
  • market research
  • assessment centers
  • manager of psychological services
  • training
  • academics
  • organizational planning and development
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21
Q

problems faced by io psychologists

A
  • fraudulent practitioners
  • credentials and certification
  • communication with management
  • resistance to new ideas
  • research versus application
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22
Q

business (MBA) programs

A

mostly focused on the broad areas of accounting, economics, and marketing

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23
Q

industrial-organizational programs

A

more focused on examining factors that affect the people in an organization and not on the wide aspects related to running an organization

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24
Q

t or f: io psychologists are trained to use empirical data and statistics to make decisions

A

true

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25
Q

io psychologists can improve the quality of life by increasing employee effectiveness and, in turn, reduce the cost of goods sold by improving product quality

A

societal perspective

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26
Q

io psychologists act as scientists when they conduct research and as practitioners when they work with actual organizations

A

scientist-practitioner model

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27
Q

four major fields of io psychology

A
  • personnel
  • organizational
  • human factors/ergonomics
  • occupational health and safety
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28
Q

field of study that concentrates on the selection
and evaluation of employees

A

personnel psychology

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29
Q

they analyze jobs to understand what employees do before assigning monetary values to each position

A

personnel psychologists

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30
Q

field of study that investigates the behavior of employees within the context of an organization

A

organizational psychology

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31
Q

they typically conduct surveys, make recommendations, and implement organization-wide programs

A

organizational psychologists

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32
Q

field of study concentrating on the interaction
between humans and machines

A

human factors/ergonomics

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33
Q

they work with engineers and other technical professionals to make the workplace safer and more efficient

A

human factors psychologists

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34
Q

four settings of io psychologists

A
  • education
  • private sector
  • public sector
  • consulting firms
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35
Q

four settings of io psychologists: typically teach and conduct research; some work as administrators

A

education

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36
Q

four settings of io psychologists: work for a single company such as IBM, Microsoft, and FedEx, whereas consultants work with many companies

A

private sector

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37
Q

four settings of io psychologists: work for a local, state, or federal government agency

A

public sector

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38
Q

four settings of io psychologists: io psychologists help a wide variety of organizations become more productive by helping them

A

consulting firms

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39
Q

typical job titles

A
  • chairman/ceo
  • compensation analyst/manager
  • consultant
  • director of assessment and selection
  • HR director
  • HR specialist
  • industrial-organizational psychologists
  • professor
  • training coordinator
  • research analyst
  • vice president for human resources
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40
Q

educational requirements

A
  • undergraduate GPA of at least 3.0
  • GRE of 300
41
Q

graduate programs that offer a master’s degree but not a PhD; best suited for students applying for HR positions

A

master’s programs

42
Q

a situation in which a student works for an organization, either for pay or as a volunteer, to receive practical work experience

A

internship

43
Q

a paid or unpaid position with an organization that gives a student practical work experience

A

practicum

44
Q

more difficult than obtaining a master’s as it
typically takes five years to complete

A

doctoral programs

45
Q

a formal research paper required of most doctoral students to graduate

A

dissertation

46
Q

why conduct research?

A

it ultimately saves organizations money

47
Q

considerations in conducting research

A
  • idea, hypothesis, theory
  • literature reviews
  • location of the study
  • research methods to be used
  • subject samples
  • running the study
  • statistical analysis
48
Q

considerations in conducting research: the first step in conducting research is to decide what to research

A

idea

49
Q

considerations in conducting research: an educated prediction about the answer to a question

A

hypothesis

50
Q

considerations in conducting research: where the hypothesis is based on

A

theory

51
Q

considerations in conducting research: an important step in deciding whether to pursue a research topic as it provides information on the number of studies conducted on your topic of interest

A

literature reviews

52
Q

four types of periodicals

A
  • journals
  • bridge publications
  • trade magazines
  • magazines
53
Q

four types of periodicals: written collection of articles describing the methods and results of new research

A

journals

54
Q

four types of periodicals: the best source of unbiased and accurate information about a topic

A

journals

55
Q

four types of periodicals: designed to “bridge the gap” between academia and the applied world

A

bridge publications

56
Q

four types of periodicals: usually written by professors about a topic of interest by practitioners

A

bridge publications

57
Q

four types of periodicals: contain articles usually written by professional writers who have developed expertise in a given field

A

trade magazines

58
Q

four types of periodicals: the articles in these publications do not cover all the research on a topic and can be somewhat biased

A

trade magazines

59
Q

four types of periodicals: designed to entertain as well as inform

A

magazines

60
Q

four types of periodicals: good sources of ideas but terrible sources to use in support of a scientific hypothesis

A

magazines

61
Q

four types of periodicals: often written by professional writers who do not have training in the topic and thus little expertise in what they are writing about

A

magazines

62
Q

considerations in conducting research: research conducted in a laboratory

A

laboratory research

63
Q

disadvantage of laboratory research

A

external validity or generalizability of results

64
Q

considerations in conducting research: research conducted in a natural setting

A

field research

65
Q

disadvantage of field research

A

lack of control over extraneous variables

66
Q

ethical dilemma of field research

A

difficult to obtain informed consent

67
Q

the formal process by which subjects give permission to be included in a study

A

informed consent

68
Q

considerations in conducting research: most powerful of all research methods

A

experiments

69
Q

considerations in conducting research: the only method that can determine cause and effect relationships

A

experiments

70
Q

two characteristics that define an experiment

A
  • manipulation of one or more independent variables
  • random assignment of subjects
71
Q

the group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment

A

experimental group

72
Q

a group of employees who do not receive a particular type of training

A

control group

73
Q

considerations in conducting research: research method in which the experimenter either does not manipulate the independent variable or in which subjects are not randomly assigned to conditions

A

quasi-experiments

74
Q

considerations in conducting research: involves using previously collected data or records to answer a research question

A

archival research

75
Q

considerations in conducting research: not obtrusive or expensive

A

archival research

76
Q

t or f: records in files are accurate and are always kept up to date

A

false; records in files are NOT ALWAYS accurate and are NOT always kept up to date

77
Q

considerations in conducting research: researchers ask people their opinion on some topic

A

surveys

78
Q

ways that surveys can be conducted

A

variety of methods such as:
- mail
- personal interviews
- phone
- email
- internet

79
Q

t or f: contrary to popular belief, providing incentives and sending reminders do not increase survey responses

A

true

80
Q

considerations in conducting research: statistical method of reaching conclusions based on previous research

A

meta-analysis

81
Q

a meta-analysis results in one number are called _____

A

mean effect size

82
Q

a statistic that indicates the amount of change caused by experimental manipulation

A

effect size

83
Q

a statistic that is the average of the effect sizes for all studies included in the analysis

A

mean effect size

84
Q

a statistic resulting from performing a correlation that indicates the magnitude and direction of a relationship

A

correlation coefficients

85
Q

a type of effect size used in meta-analysis that is signified by the letter d and indicates how many standard deviations separate the mean score for the experimental group from the control group

A

difference score

86
Q

the extent to which the results of a study have actual impact on human behavior

A

practical significance

87
Q

considerations in conducting research: a sample in which every member of the relevant population had an equal chance of being choses to participate in the study

A

random sample

88
Q

considerations in conducting research: a nonrandom research sample that is used because it is easily

A

convenience sample

89
Q

considerations in conducting research: the random, unbiased assignment of subjects in a research sample to the various experimental and control conditions

A

random assignment

90
Q

considerations in conducting research: informing the subject in an experiment about the purpose of the study in which he or she was a participant and providing any other relevant info

A

debriefing

91
Q

in psychology, we use the _____ level of significance

A

.05

92
Q

if our analysis indicates that the probability that our data resulted from chance is 5% or les, we consider our results to be _____

A

statistically significant

93
Q

indicate only the level of confidence we can place on a result being the product of chance. they say nothing about the strength of the results

A

significance levels

94
Q

considerations in conducting research: a statistical procedure used to measure the relationships between two variables

A

correlation

95
Q

why does a correlation efficient not indicate a cause and effect relationship

A

because of a third variable, an intervening variable

96
Q

a third variable that can often explain the relationship between to other variables

A

intervening variable

97
Q

ambiguous situations requiring a personal judgement of right or wrong because there are no rule, policies, or laws guiding such decisions

A

ethical dilemmas

98
Q

two types of dilemmas

A
  • type A dilemma
  • type b dilemma
99
Q
  • high level of uncertainty as to what is right or wrong
  • there appears to be no best solution
  • there are both positive and negative consequences
A

type A dilemma

100
Q
  • also called rationalizing dilemmas
  • their differences between right and wrong is much clearer than in a type A dilemma
  • individuals know what is right but choose the most advantageous to themselves
A

type b dilemma

PSY 4314 (4 decks)

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