intro to io Flashcards
1
Q
a branch of psychology that applies the principles of psychology to the workplace
A
industrial-organizational psychology
2
Q
focuses on determining the competencies needed to perform a job, staffing the organization with employees who have those competencies, and increasing those competencies through training
A
industrial
3
Q
creates an organizational structure and culture that will motivate employees to perform well, give them the necessary information to do their jobs, and provide working conditions that are safe and result in an enjoyable and satisfying work/life environment.
A
organizational
3
Q
topics of interest for io psychologists
A
- human resources development
- organizational psychology
- workplace characteristics
- engineering psychology
- consumer psychology
4
Q
topic of interest for io psychologists:
- selection
- testing
- performance appraisal
- training and development
A
human resources development
5
Q
topic of interest for io psychologists:
- leadership
- motivation, satisfaction, involvement
- organization
A
organizational psychology
6
Q
topic of interest for io psychologists:
- working conditions
- safety, violence and health
- stress
A
workplace characteristics
7
Q
topic of interest for io psychologists:
- workplace design
- ergonomics
A
engineering psychology
8
Q
topic of interest for io psychologists:
- focus group discussions
- studying consumer behavior
A
consumer psychology
9
Q
they are able to apply psychological theories to explain and enhance the effectiveness of human behavior in the workplace
A
industrial psychologist
10
Q
there’s an impact on human behavior
A
effectivity
11
Q
what are the marketable skills of an io psychologist
A
- psychological testing and survey construction and validation
- human resources selection and placement
- performance appraisal
- fair employment practices
- employee training
12
Q
skills valued by employers that can be applied in various work settings
A
marketable skills
13
Q
challenges for io psychology
A
- rapidly changing nature of work
- contingent or temporary workers
- worker involvement
- different generations-different values
- increasing demographic diversity
- technological advances
- worker literacy
- globalization
14
Q
alternative work site around 1 to 3 days a week
A
telecommuting
15
Q
use of broadband connection, computer or phone lines or any other electronic media; virtual workplace and virtual workers
A
traditional office
16
Q
silent generation
A
1922-1945
17
Q
baby boomers
A
1946-1964
18
Q
generation x
A
1965-1979
19
Q
generation y
A
born after 1980
20
Q
types of jobs for io psychologists
A
- human resource consultant
- market research
- assessment centers
- manager of psychological services
- training
- academics
- organizational planning and development
21
Q
problems faced by io psychologists
A
- fraudulent practitioners
- credentials and certification
- communication with management
- resistance to new ideas
- research versus application
22
Q
business (MBA) programs
A
mostly focused on the broad areas of accounting, economics, and marketing
23
Q
industrial-organizational programs
A
more focused on examining factors that affect the people in an organization and not on the wide aspects related to running an organization
24
t or f: io psychologists are trained to use empirical data and statistics to make decisions
true
25
io psychologists can improve the quality of life by increasing employee effectiveness and, in turn, reduce the cost of goods sold by improving product quality
societal perspective
26
io psychologists act as scientists when they conduct research and as practitioners when they work with actual organizations
scientist-practitioner model
27
four major fields of io psychology
- personnel
- organizational
- human factors/ergonomics
- occupational health and safety
28
field of study that concentrates on the selection
and evaluation of employees
personnel psychology
29
they analyze jobs to understand what employees do before assigning monetary values to each position
personnel psychologists
30
field of study that investigates the behavior of employees within the context of an organization
organizational psychology
31
they typically conduct surveys, make recommendations, and implement organization-wide programs
organizational psychologists
32
field of study concentrating on the interaction
between humans and machines
human factors/ergonomics
33
they work with engineers and other technical professionals to make the workplace safer and more efficient
human factors psychologists
34
four settings of io psychologists
- education
- private sector
- public sector
- consulting firms
35
four settings of io psychologists: typically teach and conduct research; some work as administrators
education
36
four settings of io psychologists: work for a single company such as IBM, Microsoft, and FedEx, whereas consultants work with many companies
private sector
37
four settings of io psychologists: work for a local, state, or federal government agency
public sector
38
four settings of io psychologists: io psychologists help a wide variety of organizations become more productive by helping them
consulting firms
39
typical job titles
- chairman/ceo
- compensation analyst/manager
- consultant
- director of assessment and selection
- HR director
- HR specialist
- industrial-organizational psychologists
- professor
- training coordinator
- research analyst
- vice president for human resources
40
educational requirements
- undergraduate GPA of at least 3.0
- GRE of 300
41
graduate programs that offer a master's degree but not a PhD; best suited for students applying for HR positions
master's programs
42
a situation in which a student works for an organization, either for pay or as a volunteer, to receive practical work experience
internship
43
a paid or unpaid position with an organization that gives a student practical work experience
practicum
44
more difficult than obtaining a master’s as it
typically takes five years to complete
doctoral programs
45
a formal research paper required of most doctoral students to graduate
dissertation
46
why conduct research?
it ultimately saves organizations money
47
considerations in conducting research
- idea, hypothesis, theory
- literature reviews
- location of the study
- research methods to be used
- subject samples
- running the study
- statistical analysis
48
considerations in conducting research: the first step in conducting research is to decide what to research
idea
49
considerations in conducting research: an educated prediction about the answer to a question
hypothesis
50
considerations in conducting research: where the hypothesis is based on
theory
51
considerations in conducting research: an important step in deciding whether to pursue a research topic as it provides information on the number of studies conducted on your topic of interest
literature reviews
52
four types of periodicals
- journals
- bridge publications
- trade magazines
- magazines
53
four types of periodicals: written collection of articles describing the methods and results of new research
journals
54
four types of periodicals: the best source of unbiased and accurate information about a topic
journals
55
four types of periodicals: designed to “bridge the gap” between academia and the applied world
bridge publications
56
four types of periodicals: usually written by professors about a topic of interest by practitioners
bridge publications
57
four types of periodicals: contain articles usually written by professional writers who have developed expertise in a given field
trade magazines
58
four types of periodicals: the articles in these publications do not cover all the research on a topic and can be somewhat biased
trade magazines
59
four types of periodicals: designed to entertain as well as inform
magazines
60
four types of periodicals: good sources of ideas but terrible sources to use in support of a scientific hypothesis
magazines
61
four types of periodicals: often written by professional writers who do not have training in the topic and thus little expertise in what they are writing about
magazines
62
considerations in conducting research: research conducted in a laboratory
laboratory research
63
disadvantage of laboratory research
external validity or generalizability of results
64
considerations in conducting research: research conducted in a natural setting
field research
65
disadvantage of field research
lack of control over extraneous variables
66
ethical dilemma of field research
difficult to obtain informed consent
67
the formal process by which subjects give permission to be included in a study
informed consent
68
considerations in conducting research: most powerful of all research methods
experiments
69
considerations in conducting research: the only method that can determine cause and effect relationships
experiments
70
two characteristics that define an experiment
- manipulation of one or more independent variables
- random assignment of subjects
71
the group of subjects that receives the experimental treatment
experimental group
72
a group of employees who do not receive a particular type of training
control group
73
considerations in conducting research: research method in which the experimenter either does not manipulate the independent variable or in which subjects are not randomly assigned to conditions
quasi-experiments
74
considerations in conducting research: involves using previously collected data or records to answer a research question
archival research
75
considerations in conducting research: not obtrusive or expensive
archival research
76
t or f: records in files are accurate and are always kept up to date
false; records in files are NOT ALWAYS accurate and are NOT always kept up to date
77
considerations in conducting research: researchers ask people their opinion on some topic
surveys
78
ways that surveys can be conducted
variety of methods such as:
- mail
- personal interviews
- phone
- email
- internet
79
t or f: contrary to popular belief, providing incentives and sending reminders do not increase survey responses
true
80
considerations in conducting research: statistical method of reaching conclusions based on previous research
meta-analysis
81
a meta-analysis results in one number are called _____
mean effect size
82
a statistic that indicates the amount of change caused by experimental manipulation
effect size
83
a statistic that is the average of the effect sizes for all studies included in the analysis
mean effect size
84
a statistic resulting from performing a correlation that indicates the magnitude and direction of a relationship
correlation coefficients
85
a type of effect size used in meta-analysis that is signified by the letter d and indicates how many standard deviations separate the mean score for the experimental group from the control group
difference score
86
the extent to which the results of a study have actual impact on human behavior
practical significance
87
considerations in conducting research: a sample in which every member of the relevant population had an equal chance of being choses to participate in the study
random sample
88
considerations in conducting research: a nonrandom research sample that is used because it is easily
convenience sample
89
considerations in conducting research: the random, unbiased assignment of subjects in a research sample to the various experimental and control conditions
random assignment
90
considerations in conducting research: informing the subject in an experiment about the purpose of the study in which he or she was a participant and providing any other relevant info
debriefing
91
in psychology, we use the _____ level of significance
.05
92
if our analysis indicates that the probability that our data resulted from chance is 5% or les, we consider our results to be _____
statistically significant
93
indicate only the level of confidence we can place on a result being the product of chance. they say nothing about the strength of the results
significance levels
94
considerations in conducting research: a statistical procedure used to measure the relationships between two variables
correlation
95
why does a correlation efficient not indicate a cause and effect relationship
because of a third variable, an intervening variable
96
a third variable that can often explain the relationship between to other variables
intervening variable
97
ambiguous situations requiring a personal judgement of right or wrong because there are no rule, policies, or laws guiding such decisions
ethical dilemmas
98
two types of dilemmas
- type A dilemma
- type b dilemma
99
- high level of uncertainty as to what is right or wrong
- there appears to be no best solution
- there are both positive and negative consequences
type A dilemma
100
- also called rationalizing dilemmas
- their differences between right and wrong is much clearer than in a type A dilemma
- individuals know what is right but choose the most advantageous to themselves
type b dilemma
