history of io Flashcards
1
Q
time when a feudal system existed
A
pre-psychology
1
Q
developed foundations for many modern management concepts
A
the politics of aristotle
2
Q
each one having different expertise in their own fields
ex: construction workers
A
specialization of labor
2
Q
refers to the existence of a hierarchy of authority
A
delegation of authority
2
Q
each department has different cultures
A
departmentalization
2
Q
- the decision-making that occurs in the organization
- every department has its power to decide on its own
A
decentralization
2
Q
one person decides for all
A
centralization
3
Q
the concept of leaders being selected or changed; changes in the roster of leadership
A
leadership selection
4
Q
types of constitution: aim for the common good
A
true constitutions
5
Q
types of constitution: aim for the wellbeing only of a certain part of the population
A
perverted constitutions
6
Q
types of constitution: royalty aristocracy, and constitutional government
A
true constitutions
7
Q
types of constitution: tyranny, oligarchy, democracy
A
perverted constitutions
8
Q
types of constitution: royalty and tyranny
A
government of one
9
Q
types of constitution: aristocracy and oligarchy
A
government of a few
10
Q
types of constitution: constitutional government or democracy
A
government of many
11
Q
social and economic groups that allowed craftsmen, merchants, and artisans to come together and provide protection and assistance to one another
A
guilds
11
Q
- wrote the prince 1527
- offered practical advice for developing authoritarian structures within organizations
A
niccolo machiavelli
11
Q
giving authority and leadership that happens in an organization
A
authoritarian
11
Q
advocated strong centralized leadership as a means for bringing order to the chaos created by man
A
thomas hobbes
11
Q
helped established the pattern for organizations through the 19th century; there is only one ruler or boss
A
autocratic rule
11
Q
it should not be just autocratic but the subordinates and people under the leader help each other
A
participatory management
12
Q
outlined the philosophical justification that advocates participatory management in his argument that leadership is granted by the governed
A
john locke
13
Q
wrote the social contract in 1762 in which he supported locke’s position, participatory management
A
jean jacques rousseau
14
Q
man is prone to be in frequent competition with his fellow men while also becoming increasingly dependent on them
A
degenerate phase of society
15
through his writing of the wealth of nations in 1776, he revolutionized economic and organizational thought by suggesting the use of centralization of labor and equipment in factories, division of specialized labor, and management of specialization in factories
adam smith
16
is considered adam smith's magnum opus and the first modern work of economics
the wealth of nations
17
the father of modern economics and capitalism
adam smith
18
one of the most influential thinkers in the field of economics today
adam smith
19
established the first school of professional management at the university of pennsylvania in 1881
joseph wharton
20
in 1903, prior to the formation of io psych, he gave a presidential address to the APA in which he encouraged psychologists to study concrete activities and functions as they appear in everyday life
william lowe bryan
21
the term industrial psychology was first used in his speech
william lowe bryan
22
one of the first applied psychologists and first to apply the principles of psychology to motivation and productivity
walter dill scott
23
in 1911, walter dill scott published two more books
- influencing men in business
- increasing human efficiency in business
24
father of industrial psychology
hugo munsterberg
25
pioneer of the application of psychological findings from laboratory experiments to practical matters
hugo munsterberg
26
hugo munsterberg wrote two books
- vocation and learning (1912)
- psychology and industrial efficiency (1913)
27
in 1911, he cautioned managers to be concerned with all questions of the mind like fatigue, monotony, interest, learning, work satisfaction and rewards
hugo munsterberg
28
father of scientific management
frederick w. taylor
29
one of the intellectual leaders of efficiency movement; he was highly influential in the progressive era
frederick w. taylor
30
frederick w. taylor wrote the following books
- shop management (1909)
- the principles of scientific management (1911)
31
scientific management is also referred to as _____
taylorism
32
focus of scientific management
analyzing and synthesizing workflows
33
main objective of scientific management
the improvement of economic efficiency, especially labor productivity
34
themes still important parts of industrial engineering and management today
- analysis
- synthesis
- logic
- rationality
- empiricism
- work ethic
- efficiency and elimination of waste
- standardization of best practices
- disdain for tradition preserved merely for its own sake or to protect the social status of particular workers with particular skill sets
- the transformation of craft production into mass production
- knowledge transfer between workers and from workers into tools, processes, and documentation
35
helped taylor to develop speed and feed calculating slide rules
carl g. barth
36
developed the gantt chart
H.L gantt
37
a visual aid for scheduling tasks and displaying the flow of work
gantt chart
38
introduced psychology to management studies; the mother of modern management
lilian gillbreth
39
discovered scientific management; developing time and motion studies independently of taylor
frank gillbreth
40
one of the first american universities to offer a graduate degree in business management in 1908; bases its first year curriculum on taylor's scientific management
harvard university
41
as dean of dartmouth's amos tuck school of administration and finance, promoted the teaching of scientific management
harlow s. person
42
professor of accounting at the university of chicago and founder of the consulting firm bearing his name advocated budgets as means of assuring accountability and of measuring performance
james o. mckinsey
43
why did world war I took place
because of the assassination of archduke franz ferdinand of austria
44
best known for his work in intelligence testing and in the field of comparative psychology
robert yerkes
45
pioneer in the study both of human and primate intelligence and of the social behavior of gorillas and chimpanzees
robert yerkes
46
most influential in getting psychology into the war
robert yerkes
47
proposed ways of screening recruits for mental deficiency and assigning selected recruits to army jobs
robert yerkes
48
he became instrumental in the application of personnel procedures within the army
walter dill scott
49
tests for recruits that can read
army alpha
50
tests for recruits that are non-literate or not english speakers
army beta
51
first professor of psychology at university of pennsylvania and started the psychological corporation
james cattell
52
main purpose of psychological corporation
advance psychology and promote its usefulness to industry
53
what year were doctoral degrees specializing in io psych begin to be offered at US universities
1920s
54
first universities to offer doctoral degrees in io psych
- ohio state
- carnegie institute of technology
- university of minnesota
- stanford university
55
series of studies that have come to represent any change in behavior when people react to a change in their environment
hawthorne studies
56
experiments that elton mayo conducted
- illumination experiment
- relay assembly experiment
- bank wiring experiment
- mass interviewing program
- personnel counseling
57
founder of human relations movement that is now called human resource management
elton mayo
58
when employees change their behavior because they're receiving attention or being observed
hawthorne effect
59
three experiments under hawthorne studies
- illumination experiment
- relay assembly experiment
- bank wiring experiment
60
study the relationship between lighting and efficiency
illumination experiment
61
changing a variable usually increased productivity, even when the variable is changed back to the original condition
relay assembly experiment
62
real reasons for the productivity increase
- choosing own co-workers
- working as a group
- treated as special
- having a sympathetic supervisor
63
find out how payment incentives would affect productivity
bank wiring experiment
64
lessons learned from the hawthorne experiments
- work is a social function
- groups are multipliers
- trust is a big deal
- people like other people to pay attention to them
- people want maximum control possible over their work-life
65
one of the earliest with clinical roots to enter industrial psych
dr. morris viteles
66
dr. morris viteles' books
- industrial psychology
- the science of work
- motivation and morale in industry
67
one of the modern pioneers of social, organization, and applied psychology
kurt lewin
68
in 1939, he led the first publication of effects of leadership styles
kurt lewin
69
used to classify an estimated 12 million soldiers into military jobs
the army general classification test
70
first US intelligence agency precursor to CIA
OSS
71
pioneer of group dynamics and social psychology
kurt lewin
72
founded the research center for group dynamics at MIT
kurt lewin
73
what year did kurt lewin formed the research center for group dynamics at MIT to perform experiments in group behavior
1945
74
what year did the research center moved to then university of michigan and became a branch of institute for social research
1948
75
what year did io psychologists form division 14 of the APA and incorporated as the society of industrial and organization psychology in 1983
1946
76
most prominent year in io psych in which marks the history of all professionals now being recognized are now working together
1946
77
what year did SIOP has grown to approx. 2,500 members
1996
78
theories of motivation supported the human relations movement
- carl rogers
- abraham maslow
79
person and client-centered approach
carl rogers
80
unique approach to understanding personalities and human relationships, such as in psychotherapy and counseling, education, organizations, and other group settings
person and client-centered approach
81
hierarchy of needs
abraham maslow
82
states that lower-level basic needs must be met first before higher needs can be fulfilled
hierarchy of needs
83
management by objective
peter f. drucker
84
influential writer, management consultant, and self- described social ecologist
peter f. drucker
85
based on the idea that managers and employees should work together to set clear and specific goals for their work and measure their progress and results against those goals
management by objective
86
critical incidents technique
john c. flanagan
87
pioneer of aviation psychology
john c. flanagan
88
identifies and classifies behaviors associated with the success or failure of human activity
critical incidents technique
89
theory x and y
douglas mcgregor
90
- authoritarian, repressive style, tight control, no development
- based on the idea that people don't like their work, and needed to be controlled and rewarded by their managers to do their tasks
theory x
91
- liberating and developmental. control, achievement, and continuous
- based on the idea that people enjoy their work, and are motivated by their own goals and interests
theory y
92
fiedler's contingency model
fred fiedler
93
has three factos that affect the situation; leader-member relations, then structure, and position power
fiedler's contingency model
94
helps managers match their style with the situation or find situations that suit their style
fiedler's contingency model
95
expectancy theory
victor vroom
96
how much the people will believe that their effort will lead to good performance
expectancy
97
how much the people believe that their performance will lead to a reward
instrumentally
98
how much the people value the reward
valence
99
motivation need theories
david mcclelland
100
need for achievement, need for power, need for affiliation
motivation need theories
101
two factor theory
fredrick herzberg
102
two kinds of factors that affects people's feelings about their job; hygiene factors and motivational factors
two factor theory
103
goal setting approach to motivation
edwin locke
104
a way of understanding how goals can help you do better in whatever you want to achieve
goal setting approach to motivation
105
what year was the civil rights act passed
1964
106
it is unlawful to discriminate in any employment practice on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin
title VII, section 703a
107
year that katz and kahn published classic text outlining theory and research of organizational behavior as embedded in open sociotechnical systems
1966
108
year that advances in job analysis techniques were included
mid 1960s into early 1970s
109
year that dictionary of occupational titles 3rd edition was published
1965
110
american psychologist known for his work in io psychology
edwin fleishman
111
among his notable achievements was a taxonomy for describing individual differences in perceptual-motor performance; developed ability requirements approach
edwin fleishman
112
beyond freedom and dignity, advocated behavior modification strategies to motivate people in organizations
b.f. skinner in 1971
113
- american statistician, author, professor, lecturer and consultant
- known for his work in japan
edward deming
114
a 20th-century management consultant principally remembered as an evangelist for quality and quantity management
joseph juran
115
both edward deming and joseph juran outlined explanations for the success of japanese management techniques
- superior manufacturing processes
- increased quality and quantity coupled with reduced cost
- participatory management techniques
- consensus decision making
- lifetime job security
- long-term planning
116
year that attention to use of quality circles and other participatory management techniques
mid 1980s
117
year of interest in organizational climate and groups
late 1980s
118
participatory management techniques
- total quality management (TOM)
- continuous quality improvement (CQI)
- continuous process improvement (CPI)
119
year that first sexual harassment ruling by US supreme court
1986
120
year of rise of meta-analysis as statistical technique
1990s
121
year of rapid rise of attention to the issue in both employment law and psychology
1990s
122
year of work stress received increasing attention in io research, theory, and practice
late 1980s and into the 1990s
123
year of balancing work and family lies received increasing attention in io research in
late 1980s and mid/late 1990s
