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PSY 4314 > history of io > Flashcards

history of io Flashcards

1
Q

time when a feudal system existed

A

pre-psychology

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1
Q

developed foundations for many modern management concepts

A

the politics of aristotle

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2
Q

each one having different expertise in their own fields
ex: construction workers

A

specialization of labor

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2
Q

refers to the existence of a hierarchy of authority

A

delegation of authority

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2
Q

each department has different cultures

A

departmentalization

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2
Q
  • the decision-making that occurs in the organization
  • every department has its power to decide on its own
A

decentralization

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2
Q

one person decides for all

A

centralization

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3
Q

the concept of leaders being selected or changed; changes in the roster of leadership

A

leadership selection

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4
Q

types of constitution: aim for the common good

A

true constitutions

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5
Q

types of constitution: aim for the wellbeing only of a certain part of the population

A

perverted constitutions

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6
Q

types of constitution: royalty aristocracy, and constitutional government

A

true constitutions

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7
Q

types of constitution: tyranny, oligarchy, democracy

A

perverted constitutions

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8
Q

types of constitution: royalty and tyranny

A

government of one

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9
Q

types of constitution: aristocracy and oligarchy

A

government of a few

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10
Q

types of constitution: constitutional government or democracy

A

government of many

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11
Q

social and economic groups that allowed craftsmen, merchants, and artisans to come together and provide protection and assistance to one another

A

guilds

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11
Q
  • wrote the prince 1527
  • offered practical advice for developing authoritarian structures within organizations
A

niccolo machiavelli

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11
Q

giving authority and leadership that happens in an organization

A

authoritarian

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11
Q

advocated strong centralized leadership as a means for bringing order to the chaos created by man

A

thomas hobbes

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11
Q

helped established the pattern for organizations through the 19th century; there is only one ruler or boss

A

autocratic rule

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11
Q

it should not be just autocratic but the subordinates and people under the leader help each other

A

participatory management

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12
Q

outlined the philosophical justification that advocates participatory management in his argument that leadership is granted by the governed

A

john locke

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13
Q

wrote the social contract in 1762 in which he supported locke’s position, participatory management

A

jean jacques rousseau

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14
Q

man is prone to be in frequent competition with his fellow men while also becoming increasingly dependent on them

A

degenerate phase of society

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15
Q

through his writing of the wealth of nations in 1776, he revolutionized economic and organizational thought by suggesting the use of centralization of labor and equipment in factories, division of specialized labor, and management of specialization in factories

A

adam smith

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16
Q

is considered adam smith’s magnum opus and the first modern work of economics

A

the wealth of nations

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17
Q

the father of modern economics and capitalism

A

adam smith

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18
Q

one of the most influential thinkers in the field of economics today

A

adam smith

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19
Q

established the first school of professional management at the university of pennsylvania in 1881

A

joseph wharton

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20
Q

in 1903, prior to the formation of io psych, he gave a presidential address to the APA in which he encouraged psychologists to study concrete activities and functions as they appear in everyday life

A

william lowe bryan

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21
Q

the term industrial psychology was first used in his speech

A

william lowe bryan

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22
Q

one of the first applied psychologists and first to apply the principles of psychology to motivation and productivity

A

walter dill scott

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23
Q

in 1911, walter dill scott published two more books

A
  • influencing men in business
  • increasing human efficiency in business
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24
Q

father of industrial psychology

A

hugo munsterberg

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25
Q

pioneer of the application of psychological findings from laboratory experiments to practical matters

A

hugo munsterberg

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26
Q

hugo munsterberg wrote two books

A
  • vocation and learning (1912)
  • psychology and industrial efficiency (1913)
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27
Q

in 1911, he cautioned managers to be concerned with all questions of the mind like fatigue, monotony, interest, learning, work satisfaction and rewards

A

hugo munsterberg

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28
Q

father of scientific management

A

frederick w. taylor

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29
Q

one of the intellectual leaders of efficiency movement; he was highly influential in the progressive era

A

frederick w. taylor

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30
Q

frederick w. taylor wrote the following books

A
  • shop management (1909)
  • the principles of scientific management (1911)
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31
Q

scientific management is also referred to as _____

A

taylorism

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32
Q

focus of scientific management

A

analyzing and synthesizing workflows

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33
Q

main objective of scientific management

A

the improvement of economic efficiency, especially labor productivity

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34
Q

themes still important parts of industrial engineering and management today

A
  • analysis
  • synthesis
  • logic
  • rationality
  • empiricism
  • work ethic
  • efficiency and elimination of waste
  • standardization of best practices
  • disdain for tradition preserved merely for its own sake or to protect the social status of particular workers with particular skill sets
  • the transformation of craft production into mass production
  • knowledge transfer between workers and from workers into tools, processes, and documentation
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35
Q

helped taylor to develop speed and feed calculating slide rules

A

carl g. barth

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36
Q

developed the gantt chart

A

H.L gantt

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37
Q

a visual aid for scheduling tasks and displaying the flow of work

A

gantt chart

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38
Q

introduced psychology to management studies; the mother of modern management

A

lilian gillbreth

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39
Q

discovered scientific management; developing time and motion studies independently of taylor

A

frank gillbreth

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40
Q

one of the first american universities to offer a graduate degree in business management in 1908; bases its first year curriculum on taylor’s scientific management

A

harvard university

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41
Q

as dean of dartmouth’s amos tuck school of administration and finance, promoted the teaching of scientific management

A

harlow s. person

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42
Q

professor of accounting at the university of chicago and founder of the consulting firm bearing his name advocated budgets as means of assuring accountability and of measuring performance

A

james o. mckinsey

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43
Q

why did world war I took place

A

because of the assassination of archduke franz ferdinand of austria

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44
Q

best known for his work in intelligence testing and in the field of comparative psychology

A

robert yerkes

45
Q

pioneer in the study both of human and primate intelligence and of the social behavior of gorillas and chimpanzees

A

robert yerkes

46
Q

most influential in getting psychology into the war

A

robert yerkes

47
Q

proposed ways of screening recruits for mental deficiency and assigning selected recruits to army jobs

A

robert yerkes

48
Q

he became instrumental in the application of personnel procedures within the army

A

walter dill scott

49
Q

tests for recruits that can read

A

army alpha

50
Q

tests for recruits that are non-literate or not english speakers

A

army beta

51
Q

first professor of psychology at university of pennsylvania and started the psychological corporation

A

james cattell

52
Q

main purpose of psychological corporation

A

advance psychology and promote its usefulness to industry

53
Q

what year were doctoral degrees specializing in io psych begin to be offered at US universities

A

1920s

54
Q

first universities to offer doctoral degrees in io psych

A
  • ohio state
  • carnegie institute of technology
  • university of minnesota
  • stanford university
55
Q

series of studies that have come to represent any change in behavior when people react to a change in their environment

A

hawthorne studies

56
Q

experiments that elton mayo conducted

A
  • illumination experiment
  • relay assembly experiment
  • bank wiring experiment
  • mass interviewing program
  • personnel counseling
57
Q

founder of human relations movement that is now called human resource management

A

elton mayo

58
Q

when employees change their behavior because they’re receiving attention or being observed

A

hawthorne effect

59
Q

three experiments under hawthorne studies

A
  • illumination experiment
  • relay assembly experiment
  • bank wiring experiment
60
Q

study the relationship between lighting and efficiency

A

illumination experiment

61
Q

changing a variable usually increased productivity, even when the variable is changed back to the original condition

A

relay assembly experiment

62
Q

real reasons for the productivity increase

A
  • choosing own co-workers
  • working as a group
  • treated as special
  • having a sympathetic supervisor
63
Q

find out how payment incentives would affect productivity

A

bank wiring experiment

64
Q

lessons learned from the hawthorne experiments

A
  • work is a social function
  • groups are multipliers
  • trust is a big deal
  • people like other people to pay attention to them
  • people want maximum control possible over their work-life
65
Q

one of the earliest with clinical roots to enter industrial psych

A

dr. morris viteles

66
Q

dr. morris viteles’ books

A
  • industrial psychology
  • the science of work
  • motivation and morale in industry
67
Q

one of the modern pioneers of social, organization, and applied psychology

A

kurt lewin

68
Q

in 1939, he led the first publication of effects of leadership styles

A

kurt lewin

69
Q

used to classify an estimated 12 million soldiers into military jobs

A

the army general classification test

70
Q

first US intelligence agency precursor to CIA

A

OSS

71
Q

pioneer of group dynamics and social psychology

A

kurt lewin

72
Q

founded the research center for group dynamics at MIT

A

kurt lewin

73
Q

what year did kurt lewin formed the research center for group dynamics at MIT to perform experiments in group behavior

A

1945

74
Q

what year did the research center moved to then university of michigan and became a branch of institute for social research

A

1948

75
Q

what year did io psychologists form division 14 of the APA and incorporated as the society of industrial and organization psychology in 1983

A

1946

76
Q

most prominent year in io psych in which marks the history of all professionals now being recognized are now working together

A

1946

77
Q

what year did SIOP has grown to approx. 2,500 members

A

1996

78
Q

theories of motivation supported the human relations movement

A
  • carl rogers
  • abraham maslow
79
Q

person and client-centered approach

A

carl rogers

80
Q

unique approach to understanding personalities and human relationships, such as in psychotherapy and counseling, education, organizations, and other group settings

A

person and client-centered approach

81
Q

hierarchy of needs

A

abraham maslow

82
Q

states that lower-level basic needs must be met first before higher needs can be fulfilled

A

hierarchy of needs

83
Q

management by objective

A

peter f. drucker

84
Q

influential writer, management consultant, and self- described social ecologist

A

peter f. drucker

85
Q

based on the idea that managers and employees should work together to set clear and specific goals for their work and measure their progress and results against those goals

A

management by objective

86
Q

critical incidents technique

A

john c. flanagan

87
Q

pioneer of aviation psychology

A

john c. flanagan

88
Q

identifies and classifies behaviors associated with the success or failure of human activity

A

critical incidents technique

89
Q

theory x and y

A

douglas mcgregor

90
Q
  • authoritarian, repressive style, tight control, no development
  • based on the idea that people don’t like their work, and needed to be controlled and rewarded by their managers to do their tasks
A

theory x

91
Q
  • liberating and developmental. control, achievement, and continuous
  • based on the idea that people enjoy their work, and are motivated by their own goals and interests
A

theory y

92
Q

fiedler’s contingency model

A

fred fiedler

93
Q

has three factos that affect the situation; leader-member relations, then structure, and position power

A

fiedler’s contingency model

94
Q

helps managers match their style with the situation or find situations that suit their style

A

fiedler’s contingency model

95
Q

expectancy theory

A

victor vroom

96
Q

how much the people will believe that their effort will lead to good performance

A

expectancy

97
Q

how much the people believe that their performance will lead to a reward

A

instrumentally

98
Q

how much the people value the reward

A

valence

99
Q

motivation need theories

A

david mcclelland

100
Q

need for achievement, need for power, need for affiliation

A

motivation need theories

101
Q

two factor theory

A

fredrick herzberg

102
Q

two kinds of factors that affects people’s feelings about their job; hygiene factors and motivational factors

A

two factor theory

103
Q

goal setting approach to motivation

A

edwin locke

104
Q

a way of understanding how goals can help you do better in whatever you want to achieve

A

goal setting approach to motivation

105
Q

what year was the civil rights act passed

A

1964

106
Q

it is unlawful to discriminate in any employment practice on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin

A

title VII, section 703a

107
Q

year that katz and kahn published classic text outlining theory and research of organizational behavior as embedded in open sociotechnical systems

A

1966

108
Q

year that advances in job analysis techniques were included

A

mid 1960s into early 1970s

109
Q

year that dictionary of occupational titles 3rd edition was published

A

1965

110
Q

american psychologist known for his work in io psychology

A

edwin fleishman

111
Q

among his notable achievements was a taxonomy for describing individual differences in perceptual-motor performance; developed ability requirements approach

A

edwin fleishman

112
Q

beyond freedom and dignity, advocated behavior modification strategies to motivate people in organizations

A

b.f. skinner in 1971

113
Q
  • american statistician, author, professor, lecturer and consultant
  • known for his work in japan
A

edward deming

114
Q

a 20th-century management consultant principally remembered as an evangelist for quality and quantity management

A

joseph juran

115
Q

both edward deming and joseph juran outlined explanations for the success of japanese management techniques

A
  • superior manufacturing processes
  • increased quality and quantity coupled with reduced cost
  • participatory management techniques
  • consensus decision making
  • lifetime job security
  • long-term planning
116
Q

year that attention to use of quality circles and other participatory management techniques

A

mid 1980s

117
Q

year of interest in organizational climate and groups

A

late 1980s

118
Q

participatory management techniques

A
  • total quality management (TOM)
  • continuous quality improvement (CQI)
  • continuous process improvement (CPI)
119
Q

year that first sexual harassment ruling by US supreme court

A

1986

120
Q

year of rise of meta-analysis as statistical technique

A

1990s

121
Q

year of rapid rise of attention to the issue in both employment law and psychology

A

1990s

122
Q

year of work stress received increasing attention in io research, theory, and practice

A

late 1980s and into the 1990s

123
Q

year of balancing work and family lies received increasing attention in io research in

A

late 1980s and mid/late 1990s

PSY 4314 (4 decks)

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