Intro to Industrial Revolution

Question 1

How did societies organize themselves?

Answer 1

tradition, not logic or reason, dictated how societies organize themselves

Question 2

What was dictated by traditional understandings of the world?

Answer 2

governments, social interactions, and religious responsibilities were dictated by traditional and inaccurate understandings of the world

Question 3

These traditional beliefs were maintained by “enforcers of tradition” such as..

Answer 3

• Emperors, kings, and tribal leaders
• Nobles, aristocrats, and other privileged minorities
• Priests and other religious authorities

Question 4

What was the Scientific Revolution?

Answer 4

• (1500s-1700s)
• a period of unprecedented European academic research and discovery
  (greatly increased the trend of questioning traditions)

Question 5

Challenges to tradition that began in the physical sciences soon bled over into the social sciences:

Answer 5

• history
• economics
• politics

Question 6

What is Enlightenment?

Answer 6

the renaissance in social science thinking (referring to the dramatic growth in understanding it inspired)

Question 7

Enlightenment philosophers wrote counter-traditional ideas:

Answer 7

• Individual freedom and rights
• Limited government
• Tolerance for opposing viewpoints

Question 8

Conservatives

Answer 8

• favored maintaining old order and traditions, especially in regards to social hierarchies

Question 9

Liberals:

Answer 9

favored societal change based on Enlightenment principles and a capitalistic free market

Question 10

What did liberals succeed in?

Answer 10

liberals often succeeded in securing greater economic freedom for their businesses

Question 11

Middle class liberals had a head start in the growing world of…

Answer 11

capitalism, the ones who owned the new factories and business ventures that powered the Industrial Revolution

Question 12

What is the Industrial Revolution:

Answer 12

the process of change of a farmer and a homemade economy to one dominated by industry and and machine manufacturing

Question 13

Changes to Society:

Answer 13

• new uses of basic material
• energy
• machines
• organization of work
• transportation & communication

Question 14

What were most peoples jobs?

Answer 14

an overwhelming amount of people were farmers, living rurally.

Question 15

Why did the majority of people have to farm?

Answer 15

Crop yields were so low and famine was a constant threat

Question 16

Subsistence Farming:

Answer 16

growing food and crops to feed one’s family: farming to survive

Question 17

Why was there little population growth in peasant lifes?

Answer 17

there were fewer births and more deaths