Intro to immunology Flashcards
what role does Th1 have in disease?
autoimmunity and chronic inflammation
what role does Th2 have in disease?
allergy
what role does Th17 have in disease?
autoimmunity and inflammation
what is the main role of mast cells?
allergy and anaphylaxis
what is the main role of eosinophils?
allergy
destroys bacterial and parasitic infections
what are the primary and secondary lymphoid organs?
primary;
- bone marrow
- thymus
secondary
- spleen
- lymph nodes
what are the antigen presenting cells?
dendritic cells
macrophages
mast cells
describe how antigen presenting cells try to eradicate a pathogen.
antigen of pathogen binds to their surface antibody
this triggers release of cytokines and chemokines
this causes recruitment of immune cells to the tissue
destroys pathogen via endocytosis
what cell is responsible for production of antibodies?
B lymphocytes
what CD type does MHC I and MHC II recognise?
CD 4 - MHC II (T helper)
CD8 - MHC I (cytotoxic )
what cell type presents antigens via MHC II?
dendritic cell
what type of T helper cell is responsible for defence against helminthic parasites?
Th2
what type of T helper cell is responsible for defence against extracellular bacteria and fungi?
Th17
what type of T helper cell is responsible for defence against intracellular microbes?
Th1
what’s the main role of NK cells?
destroy intracellular pathogens
part of innate immune system
describe how NK cells induce apoptosis.
binds to cell that doesn’t express MHC I
this causes NK to express perforin and granzyme
perforin creates a pore in the cell membrane for granyzme to enter which induces apoptosis
what portion of the antibody binds to the antigen?
Fab portion
what portion of the antibody interacts with different cells of the immune system or complement?
Fc portion
what immunoglobulin can cross the placenta ?
IgG
when does baby produce IgG, IgM and IgA?
IgG at brith
IgM as a foetus
IgA 1-2 months post birth
what is opsonisation ?
the tagging of a microbe so that it is phagocytksed more easily and efficiently
antibodies and complement fragments can be opsonins
what is complement?
complement is an enzyme cascade system which can be activated to help the immune system
what cells are involved in the immediate response of the innate cell defence?
macrophages
mast cells
dendritic cells
