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Haematology and Immunology > Intro to immunology > Flashcards

Intro to immunology Flashcards

1
Q

what role does Th1 have in disease?

A

autoimmunity and chronic inflammation

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2
Q

what role does Th2 have in disease?

A

allergy

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3
Q

what role does Th17 have in disease?

A

autoimmunity and inflammation

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4
Q

what is the main role of mast cells?

A

allergy and anaphylaxis

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5
Q

what is the main role of eosinophils?

A

allergy

destroys bacterial and parasitic infections

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6
Q

what are the primary and secondary lymphoid organs?

A

primary;

  • bone marrow
  • thymus

secondary

  • spleen
  • lymph nodes
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7
Q

what are the antigen presenting cells?

A

dendritic cells
macrophages
mast cells

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8
Q

describe how antigen presenting cells try to eradicate a pathogen.

A

antigen of pathogen binds to their surface antibody

this triggers release of cytokines and chemokines

this causes recruitment of immune cells to the tissue

destroys pathogen via endocytosis

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9
Q

what cell is responsible for production of antibodies?

A

B lymphocytes

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10
Q

what CD type does MHC I and MHC II recognise?

A

CD 4 - MHC II (T helper)

CD8 - MHC I (cytotoxic )

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11
Q

what cell type presents antigens via MHC II?

A

dendritic cell

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12
Q

what type of T helper cell is responsible for defence against helminthic parasites?

A

Th2

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13
Q

what type of T helper cell is responsible for defence against extracellular bacteria and fungi?

A

Th17

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14
Q

what type of T helper cell is responsible for defence against intracellular microbes?

A

Th1

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15
Q

what’s the main role of NK cells?

A

destroy intracellular pathogens

part of innate immune system

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16
Q

describe how NK cells induce apoptosis.

A

binds to cell that doesn’t express MHC I
this causes NK to express perforin and granzyme
perforin creates a pore in the cell membrane for granyzme to enter which induces apoptosis

17
Q

what portion of the antibody binds to the antigen?

A

Fab portion

18
Q

what portion of the antibody interacts with different cells of the immune system or complement?

A

Fc portion

19
Q

what immunoglobulin can cross the placenta ?

A

IgG

20
Q

when does baby produce IgG, IgM and IgA?

A

IgG at brith
IgM as a foetus
IgA 1-2 months post birth

21
Q

what is opsonisation ?

A

the tagging of a microbe so that it is phagocytksed more easily and efficiently
antibodies and complement fragments can be opsonins

22
Q

what is complement?

A

complement is an enzyme cascade system which can be activated to help the immune system

23
Q

what cells are involved in the immediate response of the innate cell defence?

A

macrophages
mast cells
dendritic cells

Haematology and Immunology (15 decks)

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