Intro to immunology

Question 1

why do we need an immune system? 2

Answer 1

protect agains infectious organisms

protect against cancer

Question 2

name 5 types of infectious organism

Answer 2

bacteria
virus
fungi
protozoans
worms

Question 3

what are the 2 major systems of the immune system?

Answer 3

innate immunity
adaptive immunity

Question 4

what is innate immunity?

Answer 4

a first line of defence

Question 5

is innate immunity present at birth?

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

what is the response time for innate immunity?

Answer 6

rapid

Question 7

does innate immunity have specificity?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

does innate immunity have memory?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

innate immunity is composed of? 3

Answer 9

barriers
cells
soluble factors

Question 10

what are the 3 barriers in innate immunity?

Answer 10

physical barriers
chemical barriers
biological barriers

Question 11

what are the 2 physical barriers in innate immunity?

Answer 11

impermeable outer surface e.g. skin

cilia in nasal passages and bronchi

Question 12

what are the 3 chemical barriers in innate immunity?

Answer 12

acidity in stomach
alkaline secretions
lysozyme in tears

Question 13

what is the biological barrier in innate immunity?

Answer 13

competition with commensal organisms

Question 14

what are the cells in innate immunity?

Answer 14

phagocytes
NK cells
Eosinophils

Question 15

name 3 phagocytes

Answer 15

monocytes
macrophages
neutrophils

Question 16

what do phagocyte cells do?

Answer 16

engulf and digest foreign material

Question 17

what do NK cells do?

Answer 17

kill tumour and virally infected cells

Question 18

what do eosinophils do?

Answer 18

attack and kill parasites

Question 19

what are the soluble factors in the immune system? 4

Answer 19

Lysozyme
complement
cytokines
acute phase proteins

Question 20

components of the innate immune system act ?
they also cooperate with ???

Answer 20

together

the adaptive immune system

Question 21

what is the response time of the adaptive immune system?

Answer 21

slow to start

Question 22

is the adaptive immune system specific?

Answer 22

yes

Question 23

does the adaptive immune system have a memory?

Answer 23

yes

Question 24

the adaptive immune system has ? of self and non-self

Answer 24

recognition

Question 25

the adaptive immune system has ? and ? components which work ? as well as with ? ? ? ?

Answer 25

humoral
cellular
together
the innate immune system

Question 26

the humoral component of the adaptive immune system relates to what?

Answer 26

antibodies

Question 27

what is another name for antibodies?

Answer 27

immunoglobulins

Question 28

immunoglobulins are specific ? produced by ? against ?

Answer 28

proteins
B lymphocytes
pathogens

Question 29

cellular component of the adaptive immune system is mediated by ? which recognise specific pathogenic structures called ?

Answer 29

lymphocytes
antigens

Question 30

the cells involved in the cellular component of the adaptive immune system are? 2

Answer 30

B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes

Question 31

what do helper T lymphocytes do?

Answer 31

help B cells produce antibodies

Question 32

what do cytotoxic T lymphocytes do?

Answer 32

destroy own cells which have been infected e.g. with virus

Question 33

what is an antigen?

Answer 33

any foreign substance that causes an immune response

Question 34

what is the part of the antigen that is recognised called? 2

Answer 34

epitope

antigenic determinant

Question 35

antigenic determinants are recognised by ? 2

Answer 35

antibodies (humoral part of adaptive immune system)

T cells (cellular part of adaptive immune system)