Lymphocyte function

Question 1

what is the receptor for B cells?

Answer 1

a form of the immunoglobulin that the particular B cell is programmed to make

Question 2

what is the receptor for T cells?

Answer 2

T cell receptors

Question 3

what happens when a B cell is activated by binding to antigen?

Answer 3

they differentiate into plasma cells which secrete immunoglobulin

Question 4

antibodies are encoded by multiple what?

Answer 4

gene segments

Question 5

what are the gene segments called in variable heavy domains?

Answer 5

Variable, Diversity and Joining genes

Question 6

what are the gene segments called in variable light domains?

Answer 6

Variable and Joining genes

Question 7

what are the gene segments called in constant doamains?

Answer 7

Constant genes

Question 8

heavy chain formation
Lots of each segment are on the chromosome 1 segments
During early development of B cell, DNA is 2 out so only a few of each segment remain forming the B cell 3
This is then 4 to give primary RNA transcript
Further 5 leaves mRNA which is VDJ segment (one of each)
6 occurs to form the polypeptide chain

Answer 8

V,D and J
spliced
DNA
transcribed
splicing
translation

Question 9

light chain formation
Lots of each segment are on the chromosome 1 segments
During early development of B cell, DNA is 2 out so only a few of each segment remain forming the B cell 3
This is then 4 to give primary RNA transcript
Further 5 leaves mRNA which is VJsegment (one of each)
6 occurs to form the polypeptide chain

Answer 9

V and J
spliced
DNA
transcribed
splicing
translation

Question 10

at first B cells make what class of antibody?

Answer 10

IgM

Question 11

immunoglobulin classes produced

During secondary response 1 occurs where memory cells produce 2 with the same antigen specificity as the IgM

Answer 11

1 class switching
2 IgG, IgA or IgE

Question 12

T cell receptor is structurally related to 1. It binds with antigens associated with 2 It has a similar complex gene structure or V,D,J and C gene segments encoding variable and constant regions

Answer 12

immunoglobulin
MHC

Question 13

on T cell receptor the variable alpha and variable beta domains have 1 or 2 responsible for detecting antigenic peptide with MHC

Answer 13

hypervariable loops
CDRs

Question 14

understand this
TCR is T cell receptor

Question 15

understand this
TCR is T cell receptor

Question 16

helper T cells (MHC class II) express what cell surface proteins?

Answer 16

CD4 and CD3

Question 17

what do helper T cells do once activated?

Answer 17

secrete growth factors (cytokines) which control the immune response. They do this by producing cytokines that favour macrophage activation and cell mediated responses and cytokines that stimulate B cells to produce antibodies

Question 18

cytotoxic T cells (MHC class I) express what cell surface proteins?

Answer 18

CD8 and CD3

Question 19

what do cytotoxic T cells do once activated?

Answer 19

releases perforins which form pores in the target cell, release other damaging enzymes and cytokines