intro to human body and chemical level Flashcards
the chemical bonds formed between the atoms in a water molecule are called
polar covalent bonds
this is the name given to a negatively charged atom
anion
the primary structure of a protein consists of
a sequence of amino acids linked by peptide bonds
which of the following anatomical terms refer to the front of the elbow
olecranal (?)
this is the study of the function of body structures
physiology
which of the following is a polysaccharide that serves as a storage form of energy in muscle and liver cells
glycogen
this is the sum of all chemical processes that occur in the body
metabolism
what are the four major elements found in the chemicals that comprise the human body ?
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
this planes divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
frontal
this is the structure of a feedback system that provides input to the control center
receptor
an enzyme acts to
lower the activation energy needed to start the reaction
which of the following is a common function of RNA?
transfer information for protein synthesis
this directional term means farther from the midline
lateral
this is defined as a group of cells that work together to perform a particular function
tissue
a chemical compound that helps control the pH of a solution by adding or removing hydrogen ions is a(n)
buffer
the lungs are located in the
pleural cavity
which of the following subatomic particles are shared by two atoms to form covalent bonds ?
protons, neutrons, or electrons
electron
the two organ systems that regulate and maintain homeostasis
nervous and endocrine
the brain is located in the
cranial cavity
which of the following structures or regions could you see clearly when you are viewing the anterior side of an individual standing in the standard anatomical position ?
palm of the hand
this directional term means farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk or farther from the origination of the structure
distal
structural organization
largest to smallest
organism, organ system, organ, tissue, cell, chemical
during a visit with your doctor you complain about headache and nausea. these changes in your bodily function are considered to be
symptoms
AB+CD-> AD+BC is a general example of a
exchange reaction
which of the following is a monosaccharide that is used by cells to produce energy
glucose
study of the functions of the kidneys
renal physiology
this type of fatty acid contains more than one double bond in its hydrocarbon chain
polyunsaturated
this type of lipid is the body’s primary long-term energy storage molecule
triglyceride
serous membrane closest to lungs
visceral pleura
which of the following is not a property of enzymes
enzymes are irreversibly changed by the reactions that they catalyze
a transverse plane
superior and inferior portions
this type of chemical reaction breaks larger reactants into smaller products
decomposition
this type of protein is involved with shortening of muscle cells to produce movement
contractile
thumb
pollex
which of the following is not a common characteristic of a negative feedback system
usually requires an event outside the feedback system to shut it off
which of the following can lower the amounts of free radicals in the body
antioxidants
cellulose is a
polysaccharide
capacity to do work
energy
which of the following is a major function of DNA?
long-term storage of information for protein synthesis
which cavity contains the heart
pericardial cavity
which of the following organs contains the control center for the feedback system that regulates BP
brain
ear
otic
study of the functional properties of nerve cells
neurophysiology
study of the functional changes associated with disease and aging
pathophysiology
the energy stored in the bonds of the molecules in the foods that humans eat is
1. a form of kinetic energy
2. a form of potential energy
3. referred to as chemical energy
2 and 3
this refers to the weighted average of the atomic weights of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element
atomic mass
which of the following describes the major significance of the element carbon in the body
forms backbone of all organic molecules
which of the following carbohydrates is a disaccharide
lactose
