Intro to Hematology

Question 1

The average size adult has ____L of blood

Answer 1

5

Question 2

Blood stem cell -> ____ stem cell -> RBCs, Platelets, Myeloblasts

Answer 2

Myeloid

Question 3

Blood stem cell -> ___ stem cell -> Lymphoblast -> WBC

Answer 3

Lymphoid

Question 4

List in order the 3 main formed elements of blood

Answer 4

1. RBC (99.9%)
2. WBC (Leukocytes)
3. Platelets (Thrombocytes)

Question 5

What are Lymphocytes?

Answer 5

T or B cells that help fight some viruses and tumors

Question 6

Which leukocyte can help fight some parasites and is part of the inflammatory response?

Answer 6

Eosinophils

Question 7

What are Reticulocytes

Answer 7

immature RBCs

Question 8

What pt vital may clue you in to potential increase in EPO production?

Answer 8

low O2 Sat
Hypoxia stim EPO prod to incr RBC production

Question 9

What are some general and maturation factors that affect Erythropoiesis?

Answer 9

General -> EPO, Thyroxin, Interlukins, Vit B/C/D/E, Minerals (iron, copper)

Maturation factors -> VitB12, Folic Acid

Question 10

What is the main lab value to review when you have an Anemia to identify which category it will be in?

Answer 10

MCV (Mean Cell Volume)

Question 11

Critical HgB values: <____ or >___

Answer 11

<5 or >20

Question 12

1Hgb:__Hct

Answer 12

3

Hct should be 3x that of HgB

Question 13

Most likely cause for high RBC count, HgB, and Hct?

Answer 13

Polycythemia

Question 14

Most likely cause for low RBC count, HgB, and Hct?

Answer 14

Anemia

Question 15

Normocytic MCV = ___ - ____

Answer 15

80-100

Question 16

MCH may be FALSELY INCREASED by _____ or ______

Answer 16

WBC >50K
High Lipids

these things incr HgB and therefore, MCH

Question 17

equation

MCHC = _______

Answer 17

MCHC = HgB / Hct

Question 18

MCH vs MCHC

Answer 18

MCH (Mean Corpuscular HgB) -> average mass of HgB in each RBC

MCHC (Mean Corpuscular HgB Concentration) -> average [HgB] in each RBC

Question 19

Definition

Normocytic vs Normochromic

Answer 19

“-cytic” = MCV
“-chromic” = MCHC

Question 20

The 5 WBC types

Which leukocytes are Granulocytes vs Agranylocytes?

Answer 20

Granulocytes -> Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

Agranulocytes -> Lymphocytes, Monocytes

Question 21

List the WBC in order for greatest to least
%

Answer 21

1. Neutrophils
2. Lymphocytes
3. Monocytes
4. Eosinophils
5. Basophils

Question 22

“polys” or “PMNs” are common terms, both abbreviations for “polymorphonuclear leukocyte”, which refer to which WBC?

Answer 22

Neutrophils

Question 23

Which WBC makes up the bulk of wound pus?

Answer 23

Neutrophils

Question 24

Which WBC is found in connective tissue below a wheal from a bug bite?

Answer 24

Eosinophils

Question 25

Which WBC is the rarest of granulocytes?

Answer 25

Basophils (0.5%)

Question 26

Which WBC contians Heparin and releases Histamine?

Answer 26

Basophils

Question 27

T/B-Cells come from which specific Agranular Leukocyte?

Answer 27

Lymphocyte

Question 28

T-Cell vs B-Cell Fn

Answer 28

T-Cells can directly attack foreign cells B-Cells -> Plasma Cells -> Secrete Antibodies

Question 29

Are high lymphocytes normal in kids?

Answer 29

yes, d/t rapid immune growth

Question 30

Monocytes turn into -> ____

Answer 30

Macrophages

Question 31

# PEARL Classical nucleus shape of a Monocyte

Answer 31

**Horseshoe**

Question 32

_____ protein is the main regulator of platelet production

Answer 32

Thrombopoietin (TPO) ## Footnote * made in the liver * triggers Megakaryocytes to transform into platelets

Question 33

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is made in the _____

Answer 33

liver

Question 34

Thrombopoietin (TPO) triggers _____ to transform into platelets

Answer 34

**Megakaryocytes**

Question 35

D/t the lifespan of Platelets, you should give them ~ ____ days prior to procedures

Answer 35

2 ## Footnote short lifespan (7 days)

Question 36

# Other cell morphologies Bizzare-shaped RBCs that resemble Triangles or Spirals

Answer 36

Shistocytes

Question 36

# Other cell morphologies Smaller and rounder than normal RBCs

Answer 36

Spherocytes

Question 36

# Other cell morphologies Neutrophils with **> 6 nuclear lobe septations**

Answer 36

Hyper-Segmented Neutrophils ## Footnote Associated with Megaloblastic Anemias

Question 37

Hyper-segmented Neutrophils are associated with _____ anemias

Answer 37

Megaloblastic

Question 38

Spherocytes are associated with

Answer 38

* Hereditary Dz * Postr-transfusion changes * Water dilution

Question 39

Shistocytes are associated with

Answer 39

* Sever burns * DIC * Artificial heart valves * Vascular Spasm