Intro to Hematology Flashcards
The average size adult has ____L of blood
5
Blood stem cell -> ____ stem cell -> RBCs, Platelets, Myeloblasts
Myeloid
Blood stem cell -> ___ stem cell -> Lymphoblast -> WBC
Lymphoid
List in order the 3 main formed elements of blood
- RBC (99.9%)
- WBC (Leukocytes)
- Platelets (Thrombocytes)
What are Lymphocytes?
T or B cells that help fight some viruses and tumors
Which leukocyte can help fight some parasites and is part of the inflammatory response?
Eosinophils
What are Reticulocytes
immature RBCs
What pt vital may clue you in to potential increase in EPO production?
low O2 Sat
Hypoxia stim EPO prod to incr RBC production
What are some general and maturation factors that affect Erythropoiesis?
General -> EPO, Thyroxin, Interlukins, Vit B/C/D/E, Minerals (iron, copper)
Maturation factors -> VitB12, Folic Acid
What is the main lab value to review when you have an Anemia to identify which category it will be in?
MCV (Mean Cell Volume)
Critical HgB values: <____ or >___
<5 or >20
1Hgb:__Hct
3
Hct should be 3x that of HgB
Most likely cause for high RBC count, HgB, and Hct?
Polycythemia
Most likely cause for low RBC count, HgB, and Hct?
Anemia
Normocytic MCV = ___ - ____
80-100
MCH may be FALSELY INCREASED by _____ or ______
WBC >50K
High Lipids
these things incr HgB and therefore, MCH
equation
MCHC = _______
MCHC = HgB / Hct
MCH vs MCHC
MCH (Mean Corpuscular HgB) -> average mass of HgB in each RBC
MCHC (Mean Corpuscular HgB Concentration) -> average [HgB] in each RBC
Definition
Normocytic vs Normochromic
“-cytic” = MCV
“-chromic” = MCHC
The 5 WBC types
Which leukocytes are Granulocytes vs Agranylocytes?
Granulocytes -> Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Agranulocytes -> Lymphocytes, Monocytes
List the WBC in order for greatest to least
%
- Neutrophils
- Lymphocytes
- Monocytes
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
“polys” or “PMNs” are common terms, both abbreviations for “polymorphonuclear leukocyte”, which refer to which WBC?
Neutrophils
Which WBC makes up the bulk of wound pus?
Neutrophils
Which WBC is found in connective tissue below a wheal from a bug bite?
Eosinophils
Which WBC is the rarest of granulocytes?
Basophils (0.5%)
Which WBC contians Heparin and releases Histamine?
Basophils
T/B-Cells come from which specific Agranular Leukocyte?
Lymphocyte
T-Cell vs B-Cell Fn
T-Cells can directly attack foreign cells
B-Cells -> Plasma Cells -> Secrete Antibodies
Are high lymphocytes normal in kids?
yes, d/t rapid immune growth
Monocytes turn into -> ____
Macrophages
PEARL
Classical nucleus shape of a Monocyte
Horseshoe
_____ protein is the main regulator of platelet production
Thrombopoietin (TPO)
- made in the liver
- triggers Megakaryocytes to transform into platelets
Thrombopoietin (TPO) is made in the _____
liver
Thrombopoietin (TPO) triggers _____ to transform into platelets
Megakaryocytes
D/t the lifespan of Platelets, you should give them ~ ____ days prior to procedures
2
short lifespan (7 days)
Other cell morphologies
Bizzare-shaped RBCs that resemble Triangles or Spirals
Shistocytes
Other cell morphologies
Smaller and rounder than normal RBCs
Spherocytes
Other cell morphologies
Neutrophils with > 6 nuclear lobe septations
Hyper-Segmented Neutrophils
Associated with Megaloblastic Anemias
Hyper-segmented Neutrophils are associated with _____ anemias
Megaloblastic
Spherocytes are associated with
- Hereditary Dz
- Postr-transfusion changes
- Water dilution
Shistocytes are associated with
- Sever burns
- DIC
- Artificial heart valves
- Vascular Spasm
