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Hematology > Intro to Hematology > Flashcards

Intro to Hematology Flashcards

1
Q

The average size adult has ____L of blood

A

5

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2
Q

Blood stem cell -> ____ stem cell -> RBCs, Platelets, Myeloblasts

A

Myeloid

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3
Q

Blood stem cell -> ___ stem cell -> Lymphoblast -> WBC

A

Lymphoid

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4
Q

List in order the 3 main formed elements of blood

A
  1. RBC (99.9%)
  2. WBC (Leukocytes)
  3. Platelets (Thrombocytes)
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5
Q

What are Lymphocytes?

A

T or B cells that help fight some viruses and tumors

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6
Q

Which leukocyte can help fight some parasites and is part of the inflammatory response?

A

Eosinophils

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7
Q

What are Reticulocytes

A

immature RBCs

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8
Q

What pt vital may clue you in to potential increase in EPO production?

A

low O2 Sat
Hypoxia stim EPO prod to incr RBC production

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9
Q

What are some general and maturation factors that affect Erythropoiesis?

A

General -> EPO, Thyroxin, Interlukins, Vit B/C/D/E, Minerals (iron, copper)

Maturation factors -> VitB12, Folic Acid

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10
Q

What is the main lab value to review when you have an Anemia to identify which category it will be in?

A

MCV (Mean Cell Volume)

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11
Q

Critical HgB values: <____ or >___

A

<5 or >20

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12
Q

1Hgb:__Hct

A

3

Hct should be 3x that of HgB

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13
Q

Most likely cause for high RBC count, HgB, and Hct?

A

Polycythemia

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14
Q

Most likely cause for low RBC count, HgB, and Hct?

A

Anemia

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15
Q

Normocytic MCV = ___ - ____

A

80-100

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16
Q

MCH may be FALSELY INCREASED by _____ or ______

A

WBC >50K
High Lipids

these things incr HgB and therefore, MCH

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17
Q

equation

MCHC = _______

A

MCHC = HgB / Hct

18
Q

MCH vs MCHC

A

MCH (Mean Corpuscular HgB) -> average mass of HgB in each RBC

MCHC (Mean Corpuscular HgB Concentration) -> average [HgB] in each RBC

19
Q

Definition

Normocytic vs Normochromic

A

“-cytic” = MCV
“-chromic” = MCHC

20
Q

The 5 WBC types

Which leukocytes are Granulocytes vs Agranylocytes?

A

Granulocytes -> Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils

Agranulocytes -> Lymphocytes, Monocytes

21
Q

List the WBC in order for greatest to least
%

A
  1. Neutrophils
  2. Lymphocytes
  3. Monocytes
  4. Eosinophils
  5. Basophils
22
Q

“polys” or “PMNs” are common terms, both abbreviations for “polymorphonuclear leukocyte”, which refer to which WBC?

A

Neutrophils

23
Q

Which WBC makes up the bulk of wound pus?

A

Neutrophils

24
Q

Which WBC is found in connective tissue below a wheal from a bug bite?

A

Eosinophils

25
Q

Which WBC is the rarest of granulocytes?

A

Basophils (0.5%)

26
Q

Which WBC contians Heparin and releases Histamine?

A

Basophils

27
Q

T/B-Cells come from which specific Agranular Leukocyte?

A

Lymphocyte

28
Q

T-Cell vs B-Cell Fn

A

T-Cells can directly attack foreign cells

B-Cells -> Plasma Cells -> Secrete Antibodies

29
Q

Are high lymphocytes normal in kids?

A

yes, d/t rapid immune growth

30
Q

Monocytes turn into -> ____

A

Macrophages

31
Q

PEARL

Classical nucleus shape of a Monocyte

A

Horseshoe

32
Q

_____ protein is the main regulator of platelet production

A

Thrombopoietin (TPO)

  • made in the liver
  • triggers Megakaryocytes to transform into platelets
33
Q

Thrombopoietin (TPO) is made in the _____

A

liver

34
Q

Thrombopoietin (TPO) triggers _____ to transform into platelets

A

Megakaryocytes

35
Q

D/t the lifespan of Platelets, you should give them ~ ____ days prior to procedures

A

2

short lifespan (7 days)

36
Q

Other cell morphologies

Bizzare-shaped RBCs that resemble Triangles or Spirals

A

Shistocytes

36
Q

Other cell morphologies

Smaller and rounder than normal RBCs

A

Spherocytes

36
Q

Other cell morphologies

Neutrophils with > 6 nuclear lobe septations

A

Hyper-Segmented Neutrophils

Associated with Megaloblastic Anemias

37
Q

Hyper-segmented Neutrophils are associated with _____ anemias

A

Megaloblastic

38
Q

Spherocytes are associated with

A
  • Hereditary Dz
  • Postr-transfusion changes
  • Water dilution
39
Q

Shistocytes are associated with

A
  • Sever burns
  • DIC
  • Artificial heart valves
  • Vascular Spasm

Hematology (8 decks)

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