INTRO TO HEMA Flashcards
1
Q
study of blood but it has more to offer aside from knowing the different blood cells
A
hematology
2
Q
division of medicine that deals with diagnostic laboratory procedures and morphological interpretations related to blood
A
clinical hematology
3
Q
hema came from the greek word
A
Haima
4
Q
haima means
A
blood
5
Q
logy came from the word
A
logos
6
Q
logos means
A
the study of
the science of
7
Q
hematology is the science CONCERNED with the study of
A
blood
blood-forming organs
blood disease
8
Q
hematology includes the study of
A
etiology
diagnosis
treatment
prognosis
prevention of blood diseases
9
Q
hematology ENCOMPASES the study of
A
hemostatic mechanism
hemorrhagic disease
thrombosis
10
Q
describe worms in blood
A
Athanasius Kircher
11
Q
Athanasius Kircher year
A
1657
12
Q
Father Microbiology
Describe RBCs
A
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
13
Q
Anton van Leeuwenhoek year
A
1674
14
Q
Describe WBC
Father of Hematology
Essential clotting factor
A
William Hewson
15
Q
William Hewson year
A
1770
16
Q
discovered/identified platelets
A
Alexandre Done
17
Q
Alexandre Done year
A
1842
18
Q
Named platelets
A
Guilio Bizzozero
19
Q
Guilio Bizzozero year
A
late 1800
20
Q
describe staining techniques to improve microscopic visualization
A
Paul Ehrlich
21
Q
Paul Ehrlich year
A
1877
22
Q
importance of fibrin in blood coagulation process
A
Rudolf Virchow
23
Q
Coined the term thrombosis and embolism
A
Rudolf Virchow
24
Q
Identified Leukemia
A
Rudolf Virchow
25
Theory of WBCs are made in response to inflammation
Rudolf Virchow
26
Rudolf Virchow year
1821-1902
27
first clinical description of sickle cell published in medical literature
1910
28
is found to prevent blood from clotting allowing blood to be stored between collection and transfusion
sodium citrate
29
Father of Pediatric Hematology , describe anemia
Dr. Louis Diamond
30
Describe Diamond-Blackfan Anemia. Year
1938
31
Role of platelets in reducing mortality from hemorrhage in cancer patients
2000s
32
lack, without, absent, decreased
A/an
33
Unequal, dissimilar
Aniso
34
prefix: Cell
Cyt
35
Abnormal,dif
ficult, bad
Dys
36
Erythro-
Red
37
Ferr-
Iron
38
Hemo- (hemato-)
Pertaining to
blood
39
-cyte
Cell
40
-emia
Blood
41
-itis
Inflammation
42
-oma
Swelling/Tu
mor
43
-opathy
Disease
44
-isis
Abnormal
disease, Disease
45
-penia
Deficiency
46
Meta-
After, next or
change
47
Micro-
Small
48
Myelo-
From the bone marrow, spinal cord
49
Pan-
All, overall, all inclusive
50
Phleb-
Vein
51
Phago-
Eat, Ingest
52
Hypo-
Beneath, under, deficient, decreased
53
BASIC HEMATOLOGIC METHODS OF EXAMINATION
Quantitative Analysis
Qualitative Analysis
54
QUANTITATIVE Analysis, Determining concentration of:
Hemoglobin
Hematocrit
Erythrocyte indices
Leukocyte indices
Thrombocyte indices
55
Establish morphological characteristics of cell in the blood, and blood-forming organs
Qualitative Analysis
56
Totality of all the methods used to ensure that all engagements leading to releasing of results are all correct
QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM
57
Broader concept than Quality Control
QUALITY ASSURANCE:
58
JCAHO meaning
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
59
a well defined, organized program designed to enhance patient care through the ongoing objective assessment of important aspects of patient care and the correction of identified problems.
Quality Assurance
60
Three Major Activities of Quality Assurance
Preventive
Assessment
Corrective
61
4 components of QA Program:
Internal Quality Control
External Quality Control
Standardization
. Proficiency surveillance
62
a. Documentation of assay validity, precision, accuracy
b. Includes external quality assessment
c. Aims to reduce the systematic and random errors to zero
QUALITY CONTROL
63
Two types of Error
Random Error
Systematic errors
64
random error aka
“Indeterminate”
65
Systematic errors aka
“determinate” or “Bias”
66
Reproducibility or the variation among duplicate or replicate measurements of the same analyte
Precision
67
Closeness of measured values to the true values
Agreement between the best estimate of a quantity and its true value
Accuracy
68
____ is possible without accuracy
precision is possible without accuracy
69
Quality of an analysis can be described in three ways
1. Neither accurate nor precise
2. Precise but lacking accuracy
3. Both accurate and precise
70
Specimens for hematologic tests may be acquired through
Venipuncture or Skin Puncture
71
Aside from blood, other specimen such as __ and ___ are tested in Clinical Hematology.
CSF and Bone
Marrow
72
trained in blood collection, essential to health care
team. Must ensure patient CONFIDENTIALITY.
Phlebotomist
73
Attributes of a good phlebotomist
Good interpersonal skills
Professional attitude
Neat appearance
Consideration and concern for the patient
74
MOST IMPORTANT STEP in the whole process of
laboratory reporting of results
Patient identification
75
Packed cell volume may be decreased an average of __% when the patient is lying down
8%
76
Packed cell volume may be decreasedanaverageof8% when the patient is lying down. This is called
HEMODILUTION
77
Refers to the diameter or bore of the needle
Gauge number
78
routinely used gauge
Gauge 20
79
gauge for small, difficult veins
Gauge 21
80
Most used needle length:
1-1.5 inches
81
Additives (4)
Anticoagulant
antigylcolitic
clot activator
separator gel
82
physiologic factors that may affect patient result
1. Posture
2. Diurnal rhythm
3. Exercise
4. Stress
5. Smoking
6. Diet
83
Tourniquet is placed ___ inches above the venipuncture site
3-4 inches
84
Tourniquet Application should not be exceed __ minutes
1-2 minutes
85
Tourniquet Prolonged may cause
HEMOCONCENTRATION
86
Substitute for gray top, if no Na+ fluoride/ K+ oxalate
Lithium iodoacetate
87
specific concentration for sodium citrate
3.2%
88
3.8% Na citrate causes increase in __
Hematocrit
89
too small needle may cause ___ DURING PROCEDURE
hemolysis
90
skin puncture is usually used if
1. small amount of blood is needed
2. pediatric patient
91
Skin puncture site for neonates
heel/plantar surface
92
skin puncture site for older children
finger
93
skin puncture avoids collection of large amounts of blood especially from premature infants as this may result to ___
iatrogenic anemia
94
skin puncture is useful in adults with:
severe burns and Point-of-care testing (blood sugar monitoring)
95
specimens for routine testing should be delivered to the lab __min - __h of collection
45 min - 1 hour
