BLOOD - HEMATOPOIESIS Flashcards
1
Q
unique bright to dark red fluid of variable composition circulating through the transport vessels of the body
A
blood
2
Q
blood is a fluid tissue composed of formed elements and suspender medium called
A
Plasma
3
Q
blood is about how many percent of body weight
A
8%
4
Q
blood pH
A
7.35-7.45
5
Q
average human possess how many liters of blood
A
5 liters
6
Q
Function of Blood
A
- Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
- Transport nutrients
- Transport waste products
- Transport enzymes, hormones, antibodies
7
Q
Plasma is how many percent of total blood
A
55%
8
Q
composition of plasma
A
- Albumin
- Fibrinogen
- Globulins
9
Q
Function: transports the nutrients, hormones and proteins
A
plasma
10
Q
RBC aka
A
erythrocyte
11
Q
life span RBC
A
120 days
12
Q
size of RBC
A
7-8 um with 1/3 central pallor
13
Q
shape rbc
A
biconcave discoid
14
Q
color rbc
A
salmon pink
15
Q
RBC is approximately ____ % of blood
A
40-45%
16
Q
decreased RBC
A
anemia
17
Q
increase RBC
A
Polycythemia
18
Q
makes RBC red
A
Hemoglobin
19
Q
graveyard of RBC
A
spleen
20
Q
WBC aka
A
Leukocyte
21
Q
WBC is dedicated in protecting their host from ____
A
infection or injury
22
Q
source of WBC
A
bone marrow or lymphoid tissue
23
Q
decreased WBC
A
leukopenia
24
Q
increased WBC
A
Leukocytosis
25
Types of WBCs
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Granulocytes
26
types of granulocytes
basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils
27
lymphocyte size
6-9 um
28
monocyte size
12-20 um
29
basophil size
10-15 um
30
eosinophil size
12-16 um
31
neutrophil size
10-15 um
32
type of granulocyte that is blue and bilobed
basophil
33
type of granulocyte that is orange
eosinophil
34
type of granulocyte that is a perfect trilobe
neutrophil
35
aka thrombocytes
platelets
36
maintain blood vessel integrity buy initiating vessel wall repairs
Platelets
37
Platelets are major cells that control
hemostasis
38
platelets size
2-4 um
39
platelets shape
round, oval
40
how many percent is platelets in the body
<1%
41
a continuous, regulated process of renewal, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of all blood cell lines
Hematopoiesis
42
all functional blood cells are released from the ____ in to the CIRCULATION
BONE MARROW
43
In healthy adults, hematopoiesis is restricted primarily to the
Bone marrow
44
in fetal development, cells are initiated in the _____, then to ____then lastly reside in bone barrow
1. yolk sac
2. fetal liver
45
is capable of self-renewal, and directed differentiation into all required cell lineage
Hematopoietic Stem Cell
46
Phases in Hematopoiesis
1. Mesoblastic Phase
2. Hepatic Phase
3. Medullary (Myeloid) Phase
47
Mesoblastic phase begins around the ___ day of embryonic developemnt
19th day
48
Mesoblastic phase major site
Yolk sac
49
Mesoblastic phase form what type of RBC
primitive RBC
50
Primitive RBC is important to produce HEMOGLOBIN specifically ?
Gower1, Gower2, Portland
51
Hepatic Phase begins at __ to __ gestational weeks
5 to 7 weeks
52
in Hepatic Phase, developing RBCs signals the beginning of
definitive hematopoiesis
53
platelet production begins in this phase
Hepatic Phase
54
major site of hematopoiesis during the 2nd trimester of fetal life
Liver
55
first developed organ in fetus, major site of T cell production
Thymus
56
major site of B cell production
Kidney and Spleen
57
predominant hemoglobin during hepatic phase
Hb F (fetal hemoglobin)
58
hematopoiesis in the bone marrow begins between ___ to ___ month of fetal development
4th to 5th month
59
at ___ weeks gestation, bone marrow becomes the major site of hematopoiesis
24 weeks
60
In Medullary phase these can be detected
Erythropoietin
G-CSF
GM-CSF
Hemoglobin F and A
61
Major site in Medullary phase
Bone Marrow
62
Adult Hematopoietic Tissue
Bone Marrow
63
Primary Lymphoid Tissue
Bone marrow
Thymus
64
Secondary Lymphoid Tissue
Spleen
Lymph Nodes
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue
65
Bone marrow is located within the cavities of
cortical bones
66
two major components of the bone marrow
red marrow
yellow marrow
67
an active marrow that is composed of developing RBC and their progenitor
Red Marrow
68
during infancy and early childhood all bones contains primarily
Red Marrow
69
Inactive marrow composed primarily of adipocytes with undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and macrophages
Yellow marrow
70
age ___ and __, adipocytes become more abundant
5 and 7
71
the process where red marrow is replaced by yellow marrow during development
Retrogression
72
Active Marrow Sites
1. Sternum
2. Vertebrae
3. Scapulae
4. Pelvis
5. Ribs
6. Skull
7. Proximal portion of the long bones
73
termed the ratio of red marrow to yellow marrow which typically decreases with age
marrow cellularity
74
incase of hemolysis or excessive blood loss the ____ is capable of reverting back to active marrow
Yellow Marrow
75
Extramedullary hematopoiesis major site
Liver
76
major site of blood cell production during second trimester of fetal development
liver
77
a large complex organ responsible for performing vital tasks that impact all body system
Liver
78
Located beneath and attached to the diaphragm and is protected by the lower rib cage
Liver
79
Liver is divided into 2 lobes by the
falciform ligament
80
this side of the lobe in the liver is 6x larger than the other
right lobe
81
approximately around ___ ml of blood passes through the liver per minute
1,500mL/min
82
Response to infectious agents or in a pathologic myelofibrosis of the bone marrow
Pathophysiology
83
directly affected by storage diseases of monocyte/macrophage cells as a result of enzyme deficiencies that causes ___
hematomegaly
84
vital but not essential for life, functions as an indiscriminate filter of circulating blood
Spleen
85
Largest lymphoid organ located beneath the diaphragm in the upper left quadrant of abdomen
spleen
86
the three splenic tissue
white pulp
red pulp
marginal zone
87
approx. the spleen contains about how many mL of blood
350 mL of blood
88
common lymphoid progenitor
T cell
B cell
Natural killer cell
Dendritic cell
89
Common myeloid progenitor
granulocytic
erythrocytic
monocytic
megakaryocytic
90
RED-YELLOE MARROW RATIO
50:50 (Ciulla)
60:40 (Rodaks)
91
stem cell theory that all blood cells are derived from single stem cell
Monophyletic theory
92
theory where blood cell lineage is derived from its unique stem cell
Polyphyletic theory
