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HEMA > BLOOD - HEMATOPOIESIS > Flashcards

BLOOD - HEMATOPOIESIS Flashcards

1
Q

unique bright to dark red fluid of variable composition circulating through the transport vessels of the body

A

blood

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2
Q

blood is a fluid tissue composed of formed elements and suspender medium called

A

Plasma

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3
Q

blood is about how many percent of body weight

A

8%

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4
Q

blood pH

A

7.35-7.45

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5
Q

average human possess how many liters of blood

A

5 liters

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6
Q

Function of Blood

A
  1. Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
  2. Transport nutrients
  3. Transport waste products
  4. Transport enzymes, hormones, antibodies
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7
Q

Plasma is how many percent of total blood

A

55%

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8
Q

composition of plasma

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Fibrinogen
  3. Globulins
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9
Q

Function: transports the nutrients, hormones and proteins

A

plasma

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10
Q

RBC aka

A

erythrocyte

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11
Q

life span RBC

A

120 days

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12
Q

size of RBC

A

7-8 um with 1/3 central pallor

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13
Q

shape rbc

A

biconcave discoid

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14
Q

color rbc

A

salmon pink

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15
Q

RBC is approximately ____ % of blood

A

40-45%

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16
Q

decreased RBC

A

anemia

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17
Q

increase RBC

A

Polycythemia

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18
Q

makes RBC red

A

Hemoglobin

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19
Q

graveyard of RBC

A

spleen

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20
Q

WBC aka

A

Leukocyte

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21
Q

WBC is dedicated in protecting their host from ____

A

infection or injury

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22
Q

source of WBC

A

bone marrow or lymphoid tissue

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23
Q

decreased WBC

A

leukopenia

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24
Q

increased WBC

A

Leukocytosis

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25
Q

Types of WBCs

A

Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Granulocytes

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26
Q

types of granulocytes

A

basophils
eosinophils
neutrophils

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27
Q

lymphocyte size

A

6-9 um

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28
Q

monocyte size

A

12-20 um

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29
Q

basophil size

A

10-15 um

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30
Q

eosinophil size

A

12-16 um

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31
Q

neutrophil size

A

10-15 um

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32
Q

type of granulocyte that is blue and bilobed

A

basophil

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33
Q

type of granulocyte that is orange

A

eosinophil

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34
Q

type of granulocyte that is a perfect trilobe

A

neutrophil

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35
Q

aka thrombocytes

A

platelets

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36
Q

maintain blood vessel integrity buy initiating vessel wall repairs

A

Platelets

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37
Q

Platelets are major cells that control

A

hemostasis

38
Q

platelets size

A

2-4 um

39
Q

platelets shape

A

round, oval

40
Q

how many percent is platelets in the body

A

<1%

41
Q

a continuous, regulated process of renewal, proliferation, differentiation and maturation of all blood cell lines

A

Hematopoiesis

42
Q

all functional blood cells are released from the ____ in to the CIRCULATION

A

BONE MARROW

43
Q

In healthy adults, hematopoiesis is restricted primarily to the

A

Bone marrow

44
Q

in fetal development, cells are initiated in the _____, then to ____then lastly reside in bone barrow

A
  1. yolk sac
  2. fetal liver
45
Q

is capable of self-renewal, and directed differentiation into all required cell lineage

A

Hematopoietic Stem Cell

46
Q

Phases in Hematopoiesis

A
  1. Mesoblastic Phase
  2. Hepatic Phase
  3. Medullary (Myeloid) Phase
47
Q

Mesoblastic phase begins around the ___ day of embryonic developemnt

A

19th day

48
Q

Mesoblastic phase major site

A

Yolk sac

49
Q

Mesoblastic phase form what type of RBC

A

primitive RBC

50
Q

Primitive RBC is important to produce HEMOGLOBIN specifically ?

A

Gower1, Gower2, Portland

51
Q

Hepatic Phase begins at __ to __ gestational weeks

A

5 to 7 weeks

52
Q

in Hepatic Phase, developing RBCs signals the beginning of

A

definitive hematopoiesis

53
Q

platelet production begins in this phase

A

Hepatic Phase

54
Q

major site of hematopoiesis during the 2nd trimester of fetal life

A

Liver

55
Q

first developed organ in fetus, major site of T cell production

A

Thymus

56
Q

major site of B cell production

A

Kidney and Spleen

57
Q

predominant hemoglobin during hepatic phase

A

Hb F (fetal hemoglobin)

58
Q

hematopoiesis in the bone marrow begins between ___ to ___ month of fetal development

A

4th to 5th month

59
Q

at ___ weeks gestation, bone marrow becomes the major site of hematopoiesis

A

24 weeks

60
Q

In Medullary phase these can be detected

A

Erythropoietin
G-CSF
GM-CSF
Hemoglobin F and A

61
Q

Major site in Medullary phase

A

Bone Marrow

62
Q

Adult Hematopoietic Tissue

A

Bone Marrow

63
Q

Primary Lymphoid Tissue

A

Bone marrow
Thymus

64
Q

Secondary Lymphoid Tissue

A

Spleen
Lymph Nodes
Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue

65
Q

Bone marrow is located within the cavities of

A

cortical bones

66
Q

two major components of the bone marrow

A

red marrow
yellow marrow

67
Q

an active marrow that is composed of developing RBC and their progenitor

A

Red Marrow

68
Q

during infancy and early childhood all bones contains primarily

A

Red Marrow

69
Q

Inactive marrow composed primarily of adipocytes with undifferentiated mesenchymal cells and macrophages

A

Yellow marrow

70
Q

age ___ and __, adipocytes become more abundant

A

5 and 7

71
Q

the process where red marrow is replaced by yellow marrow during development

A

Retrogression

72
Q

Active Marrow Sites

A
  1. Sternum
  2. Vertebrae
  3. Scapulae
  4. Pelvis
  5. Ribs
  6. Skull
  7. Proximal portion of the long bones
73
Q

termed the ratio of red marrow to yellow marrow which typically decreases with age

A

marrow cellularity

74
Q

incase of hemolysis or excessive blood loss the ____ is capable of reverting back to active marrow

A

Yellow Marrow

75
Q

Extramedullary hematopoiesis major site

A

Liver

76
Q

major site of blood cell production during second trimester of fetal development

A

liver

77
Q

a large complex organ responsible for performing vital tasks that impact all body system

A

Liver

78
Q

Located beneath and attached to the diaphragm and is protected by the lower rib cage

A

Liver

79
Q

Liver is divided into 2 lobes by the

A

falciform ligament

80
Q

this side of the lobe in the liver is 6x larger than the other

A

right lobe

81
Q

approximately around ___ ml of blood passes through the liver per minute

A

1,500mL/min

82
Q

Response to infectious agents or in a pathologic myelofibrosis of the bone marrow

A

Pathophysiology

83
Q

directly affected by storage diseases of monocyte/macrophage cells as a result of enzyme deficiencies that causes ___

A

hematomegaly

84
Q

vital but not essential for life, functions as an indiscriminate filter of circulating blood

A

Spleen

85
Q

Largest lymphoid organ located beneath the diaphragm in the upper left quadrant of abdomen

A

spleen

86
Q

the three splenic tissue

A

white pulp
red pulp
marginal zone

87
Q

approx. the spleen contains about how many mL of blood

A

350 mL of blood

88
Q

common lymphoid progenitor

A

T cell
B cell
Natural killer cell
Dendritic cell

89
Q

Common myeloid progenitor

A

granulocytic
erythrocytic
monocytic
megakaryocytic

90
Q

RED-YELLOE MARROW RATIO

A

50:50 (Ciulla)
60:40 (Rodaks)

91
Q

stem cell theory that all blood cells are derived from single stem cell

A

Monophyletic theory

92
Q

theory where blood cell lineage is derived from its unique stem cell

A

Polyphyletic theory

HEMA (4 decks)

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