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Physiology > Intro to heart > Flashcards

Intro to heart Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular system includes

A

Heart & blood vessels

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2
Q

Heart main function:

A

Pump O2 blood into systemic circulation

Pump de O2 blood to pulmonary circulation

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3
Q

Systole

A

Contraction

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4
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation

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5
Q

Arterial system

A

Oxygenated blood

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6
Q

Venous system

A

deoxygenated blood

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7
Q

Systemic circulation

A

Arterial & Venous

Blood pumped from left ventricle around body and into right ventricle

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8
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

blood pumped from right ventricle to pulmonary artery to lungs

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9
Q

What size are arterioles?

A

300-10um

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10
Q

What size are capillaries?

A

8-10um

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11
Q

why is there a parallel arrangement of capillary beds?

A

Ensures all tissues get arterial blood

Enables redistribution of blood flow between capillary beds

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12
Q

Variable resistance

A

placed at precapillary part of circulation

enables redistribution of blood flow between capillary beds

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13
Q

Function of Arteries

A

to distribute blood from heart to tissues

dampens pulse pressure

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14
Q

Arterioles

A

Offer max resistance to flow in systemic circulation

Control flow of blood to different tissues

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15
Q

Pressure drop

A

As blood flows from arteries to veins the BP decreases

Greatest drop in arterioles and greater in systemic compared to pulmonary circuit

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16
Q

Function of capillaries

A

Site of gaseous exchange

Nutrient and waste product exchange

17
Q

Venues and Veins

A

Collect drainage from capillaries for return back to heart

Contains valves to prevent backflow of blood

18
Q

How much does the heart weigh?

A

300g

19
Q

Heart chambers

A

4 chambers

Atria & ventricles

20
Q

Why is left ventricle wall thicker than right?

A

bc it has to pump blood all around the body whereas the right ventricle just pumps to heart

21
Q

What do heart valves do?

A

Aid unidirectional flow of blood

22
Q

Blood flow through Right side of heart

A

Blood flows through veins into right atrium.
Through Tricuspid valve to fill Right Ventricle.
RV contracts and blood flows through pulmonary valve to lungs.

23
Q

Blood flow through left side of heart

A

Blood comes from pulmonary vein through left atrium through the mitral (bicuspid) valve into the left ventricle
LV contracts and blood flows through aortic valve to aorta to the body.

24
Q

What is myocardium?

A

Cardiac muscle

25
Q

Conduction of AP through heart

A

Sino Atrial node (SAN) generates electrical impulse
AP propagates across atria and excites muscle
AP reaches AV node (only electrical connection between atria and ventricles)
AP is delayed at AV node to ensure atria contract before ventricles
AP propagates down Purkinje fibres
Rest of ventricular myocardium activated by cell to cell spread of impulse through gap junctions

26
Q

What is an ECG?

A

Electrocardiogram is a record of overall spread of electrical activity through heart

27
Q

ECG recording represents

A

Recording of overall spread of activity throughout heart during depolarisation and repolarisation

28
Q

P wave

A

Atrial depolarisation

Delayed at AV node

29
Q

Impulse originates:

A

at SAN

30
Q

QRS complex

A

when ventricles invaded by impulse

31
Q

ST segment

A

when ventricles are uniformly depolarised

32
Q

T wave

A

Ventricles repolarise

33
Q

P-R interval

A

0.12-0.2 seconds

34
Q

QRS width

A

0.08-0.12 seconds

35
Q

QT interval

A

0.35-0.43 seconds

36
Q

How is heart rate measured?

A

PR interval can be used

Physiology (13 decks)

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