intro to genetics Flashcards

1
Q

what are population genetics

A

the study of a gene pool in a populaton overtime

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are molecular genetics

A

the study of the molecular structure and fincntion of genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the genotype

A

the allels we have

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the phenotype

A

the expression of the genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is a gene

A

an inherited factor that affects the characteristics (phenotype) of an individual
part of a chromosome involved in the transcription of dna into rna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

homologous chromsomes consist of

A

one maternal one paternal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in humans what is the haploid number and diploid number

A

n=23 2n=46

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the end product of mitosis

A

two genetically identical diploid daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

end product of meiosis

A

4 haploid gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

where does meiosis take place

A

in the gonads, eg ovary or testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

interphase includes

A

G1 S (dna synthesis) and G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

when does mitosis and meiosis begin in the cell cycle

A

G2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what happens in mitosis prophase

A

chromosomes condense
mitotic spindle is formed
nuclear envelope breaks down
chromosomes attach to mitotic spindle `

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what happens in mitosis metaphase

A

chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

sister chromatids are attached to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens in mitosis anaphase

A

cohesion between sister chromatids is lost

chromatids segregate to opposite poles driven by shortening microtubules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what happens in mitosis telophase

A

chromosomes decondense
nuclear envelope reforms
cytokinesis begins

17
Q

what is n

A

the haploid chromosome number

18
Q

the number of bivalents in meiosis is equal to

A

n the haploid chormosme number

19
Q

prophase i

A

chromsomes condense
homologous chromsomes undergo synapsis (pairing)
crossing over occurs

20
Q

what is crossing over

A

the exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids in each bivalent)

21
Q

metaphase I

A

each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the equator

22
Q

anaphase i

A

homologous chromsomes separate to opposite poles

23
Q

telophase I

A

each pole has one of the original pair of homologous chromosomes
each chromosome consists of two chromatids
cutokinesis

24
Q

prophase ii

A

chromosmes attach to spindle

25
metaphase ii
individual chromsomes line up at the equator
26
anaphase ii
sister chromatids separate to opposite poles
27
telophase ii
each haploid daughter cell carries one chromosome of each cell type
28
what does independent assortment lead to
different combinations of chromosomes in gametes
29
what does crossing over lead to
new combinations of alleles on chromsomes