intro to genetics

Question 1

what are population genetics

Answer 1

the study of a gene pool in a populaton overtime

Question 2

what are molecular genetics

Answer 2

the study of the molecular structure and fincntion of genes

Question 3

what is the genotype

Answer 3

the allels we have

Question 4

what is the phenotype

Answer 4

the expression of the genes

Question 5

what is a gene

Answer 5

an inherited factor that affects the characteristics (phenotype) of an individual
part of a chromosome involved in the transcription of dna into rna

Question 6

homologous chromsomes consist of

Answer 6

one maternal one paternal

Question 7

in humans what is the haploid number and diploid number

Answer 7

n=23 2n=46

Question 8

what is the end product of mitosis

Answer 8

two genetically identical diploid daughter cells

Question 9

end product of meiosis

Answer 9

4 haploid gametes

Question 10

where does meiosis take place

Answer 10

in the gonads, eg ovary or testes

Question 11

interphase includes

Answer 11

G1 S (dna synthesis) and G2

Question 12

when does mitosis and meiosis begin in the cell cycle

Answer 12

G2

Question 13

what happens in mitosis prophase

Answer 13

chromosomes condense
mitotic spindle is formed
nuclear envelope breaks down
chromosomes attach to mitotic spindle `

Question 14

what happens in mitosis metaphase

Answer 14

chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

sister chromatids are attached to opposite poles of the mitotic spindle

Question 15

what happens in mitosis anaphase

Answer 15

cohesion between sister chromatids is lost

chromatids segregate to opposite poles driven by shortening microtubules

Question 16

what happens in mitosis telophase

Answer 16

chromosomes decondense
nuclear envelope reforms
cytokinesis begins

Question 17

what is n

Answer 17

the haploid chromosome number

Question 18

the number of bivalents in meiosis is equal to

Answer 18

n the haploid chormosme number

Question 19

prophase i

Answer 19

chromsomes condense
homologous chromsomes undergo synapsis (pairing)
crossing over occurs

Question 20

what is crossing over

Answer 20

the exchange of genetic material between non sister chromatids in each bivalent)

Question 21

metaphase I

Answer 21

each pair of homologous chromosomes lines up at the equator

Question 22

anaphase i

Answer 22

homologous chromsomes separate to opposite poles

Question 23

telophase I

Answer 23

each pole has one of the original pair of homologous chromosomes
each chromosome consists of two chromatids
cutokinesis

Question 24

prophase ii

Answer 24

chromosmes attach to spindle

Question 25

metaphase ii

Answer 25

individual chromsomes line up at the equator

Question 26

anaphase ii

Answer 26

sister chromatids separate to opposite poles

Question 27

telophase ii

Answer 27

each haploid daughter cell carries one chromosome of each cell type

Question 28

what does independent assortment lead to

Answer 28

different combinations of chromosomes in gametes

Question 29

what does crossing over lead to

Answer 29

new combinations of alleles on chromsomes