Intro to Endocrine

Question 1

Whats the difference between Neurocrine and neuroendocrine?

Answer 1

Neuroendocrine is like in the posterior pituitary how you have neurons that cause the release while neurocrine would be like the Sym NS.

Question 2

Peptide hormone synthesis

Answer 2

1. Synthesized as non-functional preprohormone
2. Modified in ER—>prohormone
3. Packed into vesicles where enzymes cleave into functional hormone

Question 3

Steroid Hormone Synthesis

Answer 3

Derived from cholesterol and modified w addition or removal of side chains

Question 4

Which amine hormones cross the cell membrane? Thyroid or Catecholamines?

Answer 4

Thyroid! Catecholamines simply bind to cell-membrane receptors

Question 5

Which hormones have highest half life and why?

Answer 5

Thyroid hormones have highest half life due to protein binding affinity

-increase affinity=increase half-life=decrease clearance

Question 6

Major Inputs to Thalamus

Answer 6

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN), Pineal gland, and physiological stress
-influences about circadian rhythms for hormone release

Question 7

Adenylyl Cyclase Signal Transduction

Answer 7

FLAT family comes in, activates adenylyl Cyclase
-causes cAMP to be made and activate PKA
—ends w phosphorylation of proteins

Question 8

Which of the Signal transduction pathways ends with Ca2+ release?

Answer 8

PLC

-activated by GnRH, TRH, Oxytocin and cues second messanger of Ca2+

Question 9

Steroid Hormone Mechanism of action ends in?

Answer 9

Modification of DNA to make new proteins

Question 10

Guanylyl Cyclase activation

Answer 10

Converts GTP to cGMP

-activates cGMP kinase and ends in relaxation of smooth muscle