intro to electrotherapy part 2 Flashcards
what are the types of currents
DC
AC
PC
what is direct current
uninterrupted flow of charged particles in one direction na 1 sec or longer
DC is aka as _______
galvanic current
uses of DC
iontophoresis
wound healing
stim of denervated muscle
what are the different modulations of DC
reversed
interrupted
surged
what is AC
continuous bidirectional flow of current that changes in direction of flow once per second in reference sa 0 - alternate positive/negative
uses of AC
promote soft and osseous tissue regeneration
management of pain
modulations for AC
time-modulated AC
amplitude-modulated AC
what is PC
uni or bidirectional flow of current that periodically ceases for finite period of time - may periodic interruptions in current
which type of current us most commonly used
pulsatile current
what is a pulse
isolated electrical event separated by time from the next event; finite period of current and no current
qualitative charac of PC and AC
waveform
number of phases
symmetry
phase charge balance
what are the usual types of waveform
rectangular
square
triangular
sawtooth
spiked
sinusoidal
what is a phase
flow of current in one direction for a period of time
what are the different kinds of phases
monophasic
biphasic
polyphasic
what does symmetrical mean
same shape of wave and size
what are 2 types of assymetrical
balanced and unbalanced phase charge
compare balanced and unbalanced assymetrical
balanced - diff shape but same area or size
unbalanced - diff shaper and size
how do you name electric current
shape - symm or assym - phase - AC/PC
what are the quantitative charac of PC and AC
amplitude-dependent
time-dependent
amplitude and time dep
current modulations
factors under amplitude-dependent
peak amplitude
peak-to-peak amplitude
RMS
average current
compare peak ampli and peak-to-peak ampli
peak - maximum current or voltage in one phase
peak-to-peak - max current of peak of 1st phase above and peak of 2nd phase below in biphasic
compare RMS and ave current
RMS - effective current applied to tissues
ave - current delivered to tissue /sec
RMS and ave current of a sine wave
RMS slightly higher than ave current and both below peak
RMS and ave current of a square wave
same sila sa peak
factors under time-dependent
phase duration
pulse duration
interphase interval
interpulse interval
rise time
decay time
duty cycle
period
frequency
compare phase and pulse duration
phase - time bet start and end of one phase
pulse - time bet start and end of all phases in one pulse
compare interphase and interpulse interval
interphase - time bet 2 successive phases
interpulse - time bet two successive pulses
compare rise and decay time
rise - from zero to peak of one phase
decay - from peak to zero current of one phase
explain duty cycle
duty cycle - on time/off time
on - when current is delivered
off - when current stops
what is period
elapsed time from one reference point to another
pulse duration + interval
start to start ganun
what is frequency
number of times/second a waveform repeats
pps or Hertz
factors under amplitude and time-dependent variables
phase charge
pulse charge
compare phase and pulse charge
phase - amount of energy delivered to tissue by each phase
pulse - sum of all phase charges; so energy under single pulse
phase and pulse charge of a monophasic current
phase = pulse charge; same sila
phase and pulse charge of a biphasic current
phase - one phase lng
pulse - both phases
what are the types of current modulations
frequency
ramp
duration
burst
what are the traditional currents
faradic
galvanic
russian
HVGC
interferential
diadynamic
what is faradic current
uneven alternating surged current; 50 Hz tas 100Hz
assymetric biphasic - triangle tas rectangular pulse; 0.2-1 ms na 50 Hz
frequency usually used to induce muscle contraction
40-60 Hz
what is the russian current
sine wave na 2500 Hz and 50 bursts /sec
so polyphasic pulse sha
what is the australlian current
1000 Hz burt modulated in 4 msec burts
compare australlian to russian current
greater torque of production and dec muscle fatigue w aussie
what is HVPGC
two high peak amplitude currents na monophasic
monopolar twin peaks have instant rise and slope on decay
significance of monopolar twin peaks in HVPGC
stimulate nerve axons
what is IFC
uses 2 MFC that are slightly out of phase w each other
they become heterodyned or mix
what is diadynamic current
monophasic halfwaves from sine wave - binubura yung nasa baba
becomes similar to galvanic
indications of IFC
diffuse pain
muscle weakness
