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Exam 2 > Intro to Diabetes > Flashcards

Intro to Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

Causative factors for DM (4)

A

Genetic
Hereditary
Autoimmune
Lifestyle

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2
Q

Counterregulatory Hormones (4)

A

Cortisol
Growth hormone
Epinephrine
Glucagon

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3
Q

Glycolysis definition

A

The process through which glucose is broken down into water and carbon dioxide with the release of energy.

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4
Q

Glycogenolysis definition

A

The breakdown of stored glycogen (from the liver or skeletal muscles)

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5
Q

What 2 hormones control glycogenolysis? (2)

A

Epinephrine
Glucagon

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6
Q

Which hormones stimulate gluconeogenesis? (3)

A

Glucagon
Glucocorticoids
Thyroid

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7
Q

Gluconeogenesis definition

A

The building of glucose from new sources

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8
Q

Causes of hypoglycemia (6)

A
  1. Alcohol intake without food
  2. Too little food
  3. Too much diabetic medication (insulin, orals)
  4. Too much exercise without adequate food intake
  5. Weight loss without change in medication
  6. Sedentary lifestyle with an unusually active day
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9
Q

S/S of hypoglycemia 1st half (6)

A
  1. Cold, clammy skin (needs some candy)
  2. Numbness of fingers, toes, mouth
  3. Tachycardia, palpitations
  4. Headache
  5. Nervousness, tremors
    6.Faintness, dizziness
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10
Q

S/S of hypoglycemia 2nd half (6)

A

Stupor
Slurred speech
Hunger
Changes in vision
Seizures, Coma
Irritability

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11
Q

What is inclued in type 1 diabetes? (5)

A
  1. Autoimmune disease
  2. Results from beta cell destruction in the pancreas
  3. Autoantibodies present for months to years before clinical symptoms
  4. Leads to absolute insulin deficiency
    5 Insulin dependent
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12
Q

Risk factors of type 1? (3)

A

Autoimmune
Viral
Medically induced

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13
Q

Diagnosis of type 1 and type 2 DM (4)

A
  1. HA1C
  2. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG)
  3. Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)
  4. Random Blood Glucose plus symptoms of diabetes
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14
Q

Treatment of type 1 (4)

A

Insulin dependent
Tight glycemia control
Dietary modifications
Active lifestyle

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15
Q

Preventing Complications of diabetes (5)

A

Patient education
Assess barriers to learning
Teach in increments
Promote self care
Adjust regimen to meet needs

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16
Q

Factors affecting hyPOglycemia (4)

A
  1. Overuse of SSI
  2. Lack of dosage changes when dietary intake is changed
  3. Overly vigorous treatment of hyperglycemia
  4. Delayed meal after fast-acting insulin is used
17
Q

Causes of HyPERglycemia

A
  1. Illness, infection
  2. Corticosteroids
  3. Too much food
  4. Not enough diabetic medication (insulin, oral)
  5. Inactivity
  6. Emotional, physical stress
  7. Poor absorption of insulin
18
Q

S/S of HyPERglycemia 1st half (6)

A
  1. Hot and dry
  2. Increased urination (polyuria)
  3. Increased thirst (polydipsia)
  4. Increased hunger (polyphagia)
  5. Weakness, fatigue
  6. Blurred vision
19
Q

S/S of HyPERglycemia 2nd half (6)

A
  1. Headache
  2. Glycosuria
  3. Nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps
  4. Progression to DKA, HHS
  5. Mood swings
  6. Slow healing wounds/infections
20
Q

Treatment for HyPERglycemia

A
  1. Continued diabetic medications as prescribed
  2. Check blood glucose frequently (record results)
  3. Check urine for ketones (record results)
  4. Drink fluids at least on an hourly basis
  5. Exercise or stay active
  6. Notify HCP if blood glucose levels do not decrease in a few days
21
Q

Factors affecting HyPERglycemia (4)

A

Changes in treatment regimen
Medications
IV dextrose
Overly vigorous treatment of hypoglycemia

Exam 2 (7 decks)

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