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MSc Psychology: Developmental > Intro to Developmental Psychology > Flashcards

Intro to Developmental Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

In 1955, what did Piaget create in Geneva?

1/ Centre for Genotype Epistemology
2/ Centre for Phenotype Epistemology
3/ Centre for Genetic Epistemology
4/ Centre for Developmental Epistemology

A

3/ Centre for Genetic Epistemology

AKA Piaget’s Factory

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2
Q

Piaget is considered a

1/ Constructionist
2/ Constructivist
3/ Social Constructionist
4/ Nativist

A

2/ Constructivist

He is considered a pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing

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3
Q

Piaget worked at a school run by which prominent intelligence researcher

1/ Charle’s Spearman
2/ Alfred Binet
3/ Lewis Terman
4/ Robert Yerkes

A

2/ Alfred Binet

He noticed a pattern in mistake making particular to age when marking Binet-Simon tests

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4
Q

In Piaget’s Sociological Model of Development, children move from a state of _______ to ________

1/ Sociocentrism, egocentrism
2/ Intuitivism, sociocentrism,
3/ Egocenrism, intuitivism
4/ Egocentrism, sociocentrism

A

4/ Egocentrism, sociocentrism

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5
Q

Piaget noticed a pattern in ‘spontanious conviction’ when analysing responses to questions from children of differing ages. The order was:

1/ Intuitive to scientific to socially acceptable responses.
2/ Scientific to intuitive to socially acceptable responses.
3/ Socially acceptable to scientific to intuitive responses.
4/ Intuitive to socially acceptable to scientific responses.

A

1/ Intuitive to scientific to socially acceptable responses.

He theorised that this progression occurred because of socialisation

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6
Q

According to Piaget’s Biological Model of Intellectual Development, what are the 2 on-going processes?

1/ Assimilation, rebellion
2/ Assimilation, assumption
3/ Assimilation, adoption
4/ Assimilation, accommodation

A

4/ Assimilation, accommodation

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7
Q

According to Piaget’s Biological Model of Intellectual Development, “assimilation” occurs when…

1/ A child modifies an existing schema in response to a new object or event
2/ A child modifies an object or event in response to an existing schema
3/ A child responds to a new object or event in a way that is inconsistent with an existing schema
4/ A child responds to a new object or event in a way that is consistent with an existing schema

A

4/ A child responds to a new object or event in a way that is consistent with an existing schema

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8
Q

According to Piaget’s Biological Model of Intellectual Development, “accommodation” occurs when…

1/ A child modifies an existing schema in response to a new object or event
2/ A child modifies an object or event in response to an existing schema
3/ A child responds to a new object or event in a way that is inconsistent with an existing schema
4/ A child responds to a new object or event in a way that is consistent with an existing schema

A

1/ A child modifies an existing schema in response to a new object or event

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9
Q

Which of the following is not one of the stages in Piaget’s research program (according to Harry Beilin)

1/ The egocentric model of development
2/ The sociological model of development
3/ The biological model of intellectual development
4/ The elaboration of the logical model of intellectual development
5/ The study of figurative thought

A

1/ The egocentric model of development

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10
Q

Which of the following statements is incompatible with Piaget’s Elaboration of the Logic Model of Intellectual Development?

1/ Intelligence develops in stages
2/ Developmental stages are generally not age specific
3/ The development of intelligence is a serial process
4/ Children are constantly reconstructing the ideas formed at earlier levels with new, higher order concepts

A

2/ Developmental stages are generally not age specific

Piaget felt they were.

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11
Q

Piaget’s Study of Figurative Thought is distinct from the other phases of his research program because

1/ It focused on phenomena that could be stripped down to component parts
2/ It focused on phenomena that could not be stripped down to component parts
3/ It focused on phenomena that develops in stages
4/ It focused on phenomena that was purely hypothetical

A

2/ It focused on phenomena that could not be stripped down to component parts

Such as perception and memory

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12
Q

Piaget defined himself as a genetic epistemologist, interested in…

1/ The quantitative development of knowledge.
2/ The qualitative development of knowledge.
3/ Genetic heritability
4/ Epigenetics

A

2/ The qualitative development of knowledge.

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13
Q

What is the correct ordering of Piaget’s stages of development?

1/ Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
2/ Preoperational, Sensorimotor, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational
3/ Preoperational, Sensorimotor, Formal Operational, Concrete Operational
4/ Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Formal Operational, Concrete Operational

A

1/ Sensorimotor, Preoperational, Concrete Operational, Formal Operational

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14
Q

How many substages does Piaget’s Sensorimotor stage have?

1/ 4
2/ 6
3/ 7
4/ 8

A

2/ 6

1/ Simple reflexes
2/ First habits and primary circular reactions
3/ Secondary circular reactions
4/ Coordination of second circular reactions
5/ Tertiary circular reactions, novelty, and curiosity
6/ Internalisation of schemata

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15
Q

What is a schema?

1/ An innate predisposition
2/ A preplanned series of interactions or event responses
3/ A cognitive framework or concept that helps organise and interpret information
4/ An instinctive reflex

A

3/ A cognitive framework or concept that helps organise and interpret information

Schemata is the plural for schema

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16
Q

What are circular reactions?

1/ A chain reflex in which the final response acts as stimulus for the initial response.
2/ A chain reflex in which the initial response acts as stimulus for the final response.
3/ A chain reflex in which the final response acts as stimulus for the next activity.
4/ A chain reflex in which the initial response acts as stimulus for the next activity.

A

1/ A chain reflex in which the final response acts as stimulus for the initial response.

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17
Q

What is object permanence?

1/ Constructing such a strong memory of an object that it is unlikely to be forgotten
2/ Understanding that an object still exists when it can no longer be seen
3/ Understanding that objects exists as separate from the infant’s own body
4/ Understanding that the infant is a separate entity from their mother

A

2/ Understanding that an object still exists when it can no longer be seen

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18
Q

What are the 2 substages (and correct order) of Piaget’s Preoperational Stage of development?

1/ Intuitive thought (2-4) and Symbolic thought (4-7)
2/ Egoncentric thought (2-4) and Sociocentric though (4-7)
3/ Symbolic thought (2-4) and Intuitive thought (4-7)
4/ Sociocentric thought (2-4) and Egoncentric though (4-7)

A

3/ Symbolic thought (2-4) and Intuitive thought (4-7)

19
Q

According to Piaget, “the study of child development as a means of answering epistemological questions” is the definition of

1/ Circular epistemology
2/ Schematic epistemology
3/ Genetic epistemology
4/ Phenotype epistemology

A

3/ Genetic epistemology

Piaget felt he could test epistemological questions by studying the development of thought and action in children

20
Q

According to Piaget, children respond to things in different ways because…

1/ They are different stages of psychosexual development
2/ Schemata take different forms at different ages.
3/ they are inherently unpredictable
4/ of language development

A

2/ Schemata take different forms at different ages.

21
Q

Which of the following is not one of Piaget’s kinds of schemata?

1/ Behavioural (or sensorimotor) schemata
2/ Symbolic schemata
3/ Preoperational schemata
4/ Operational schemata

A

3/ Preoperational schemata

22
Q

Which statement describes behavioural (or sensorimotor) schemata?

1/ Internal mental symbols (such as images or verbal codes) that one uses to represent aspects of experience
2/ Internal mental activity that one performs on objects of thought
3/ The study of child development as a means of answering epistemological questions
4/ Organised patterns of behaviour used to represent and respond to objects and experiences

A

4/ Organised patterns of behaviour used to represent and respond to objects and experiences

23
Q

Which statement describes symbolic schemata?

1/ Internal mental symbols (such as images or verbal codes) that one uses to represent aspects of experience
2/ Internal mental activity that one performs on objects of thought
3/ The study of child development as a means of answering epistemological questions
4/ Organised patterns of behaviour used to represent and respond to objects and experiences

A

1/ Internal mental symbols (such as images or verbal codes) that one uses to represent aspects of experience

24
Q

Which statement describes operational schemata?

1/ Internal mental symbols (such as images or verbal codes) that one uses to represent aspects of experience
2/ Internal mental activity that one performs on objects of thought
3/ The study of child development as a means of answering epistemological questions
4/ Organised patterns of behaviour used to represent and respond to objects and experiences

A

2/ Internal mental activity that one performs on objects of thought

25
Q

What kind of data did Piaget work with?

1/ Observational
2/ Psychiatric clinical examinations
3/ Psychometric
4/ All of the above
5/ 1 & 3 only
A

4/ All of the above

26
Q

What is a cross sectional design?

1/ A study that uses repeated observations of the same variables over of time
2/ A study in which the same setting is studied repeatedly in order to observe change in detail
3/ A study that uses data from a population/group at one specific point in time
4/ A study that combines data from many different research studies

A

3/ A study that uses data from a population/group at one specific point in time

27
Q

What is a longitudinal design?

1/ A study that uses repeated observations of the same variables over of time
2/ A study in which the same setting is studied repeatedly in order to observe change in detail
3/ A study that uses data from a population/group at one specific point in time
4/ A study that combines data from many different research studies

A

1/ A study that uses repeated observations of the same variables over of time

28
Q

What is a micro-genetic design?

1/ A study that uses repeated observations of the same variables over of time
2/ A study in which the same setting is studied repeatedly in order to observe change in detail
3/ A study that uses data from a population/group at one specific point in time
4/ A study that combines data from many different research studies

A

2/ A study in which the same setting is studied repeatedly in order to observe change in detail

29
Q

What are neonates?

1/ Fetuses after 8 to 12 weeks of conception
2/ Mammalian newborn infants
3/ The innate reflexes a human baby is born with
4/ Innate reflexes particular to newborn infants of the great apes (including humans)

A

2/ Mammalian newborn infants

30
Q

What is dishabituation?

1/ The reaction towards a known stimulus is enhanced (typically by the introduction of a novel factor)
2/ The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen
3/ A method of observing how non-verbal infants direct their attention between simultaneously presented stimuli
4/ The reaction to a stimulus decreases after repeated or prolonged presentations of that stimulus

A

1/ The reaction towards a known stimulus is enhanced (typically by the introduction of a novel factor)

31
Q

What is habituation?

1/ The reaction towards a known stimulus is enhanced (typically by the introduction of a novel factor)
2/ The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen
3/ A method of observing how non-verbal infants direct their attention between simultaneously presented stimuli
4/ The reaction to a stimulus decreases after repeated or prolonged presentations of that stimulus

A

4/ The reaction to a stimulus decreases after repeated or prolonged presentations of that stimulus

32
Q

What is object permanence?

1/ The reaction towards a known stimulus is enhanced (typically by the introduction of a novel factor)
2/ The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen
3/ A method of observing how non-verbal infants direct their attention between simultaneously presented stimuli
4/ The reaction to a stimulus decreases after repeated or prolonged presentations of that stimulus

A

2/ The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen

33
Q

What is preferential looking?

1/ The reaction towards a known stimulus is enhanced (typically by the introduction of a novel factor)
2/ The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen
3/ A method of observing how non-verbal infants direct their attention between simultaneously presented stimuli
4/ The reaction to a stimulus decreases after repeated or prolonged presentations of that stimulus

A

3/ A method of observing how non-verbal infants direct their attention between simultaneously presented stimuli

34
Q

What are evoked potentials?

1/ A measure of brain activity through the detection of changes associated with blood flow
2/ A measure of brain activity through the detection of internal structures
3/ An electrical potential in a specific pattern recorded from a specific part of the nervous system, especially the brain
4/ A test that uses x-rays and a computer to create detailed pictures of the inside of your body

A

3/ An electrical potential in a specific pattern recorded from a specific part of the nervous system, especially the brain

35
Q

Which of these is not considered a prominent theoretical influence on developmental psychology in children?

1/ Nativist
2/ Constructivist
3/ Social constructionist
4/ Social constructivist

A

3/ Social constructionist

36
Q

What is non-nutritive sucking?

1/ A measurement of nutrition intake vs sucking intensity
2/ A methodology where sucking patterns (on a pacifier) are analysed in correlation with different stimuli
3/ A method used to determine infants’ innate survival reflex
4/ A methodology designed to measure behaviour modelling in infants

A

2/ A methodology where sucking patterns (on a pacifier) are analysed in correlation with different stimuli

37
Q

Baillargeon is considered…

1/ Constructionist
2/ Constructivist
3/ Social Constructionist
4/ Nativist

A

4/ Nativist

….at least a lot more so than Piaget!!

38
Q

What is the A-not-B error?

1/ An object-finding error caused by competition between ‘latent’ memory traces for A and ‘active’ traces for B
2/ An object-finding error caused by competition between ‘active’ memory traces for A and ‘active’ traces for B
3/ An object-finding error caused by competition between ‘latent’ memory traces for A and ‘latent’ traces for B
4/ An object-finding error caused by competition between ‘active’ memory traces for A and ‘passive’ traces for B

A

1/ An object-finding error caused by competition between ‘latent’ memory traces for A and ‘active’ traces for B

Searching for the object where it was last found, not where it was last seen.

Piaget suggested that this behaviour showed that infants of this age do not have object permanence

39
Q

Which stage of development did Piaget think that children obtain true object representation (including invisible displacement) abilities?

1/ Stage 3 (4-8 months)
2/ Stage 4 (8-12 months)
3/ Stage 5 (12-18 months)
4/ Stage 6 (18-24 months)

A

4/ Stage 6 (18-24 months)

40
Q

Which one of Piaget’s developmental age ranges did Baillargeon think that children obtain true object representation (including invisible displacement) abilities?

1/ Stage 3 (4-8 months)
2/ Stage 4 (8-12 months)
3/ Stage 5 (12-18 months)
4/ Stage 6 (18-24 months)

A

1/ Stage 3 (4-8 months)

The argument is that Piaget’s model has detected this knowledge late, and children obtain the logical understandings of the world before they have the physical development to express them in the way Piaget observed

41
Q

The view that infants actively build their own understanding of objects can be described as:

1/ Nativist
2/ Constructivist
3/ Empiricist
4/ Social realist

A

2/ Constructivist

42
Q

What does the longitudinal study design measure?

1/ Different children at different time points
2/ The same children at one time point
3/ The same children at different time points
4/ Different children at the same time points

A

3/ The same children at different time points

43
Q

The development of novel experimental techniques that allowed the assessment of younger infants has been termed:

1/ The Baillargeon bash
2/ The Piagetian party
3/ The nativist celebration
4/ The nativist revolution

A

4/ The nativist revolution

44
Q

What experimental evidence from Baillargeon’s ‘drawbridge’ experiments supports the conclusion that young infants understand ‘object permanence’?

1/ Infants looked longer when the rotating screen appeared to pass through the box
2/ Infants looked longer when the rotating screen stopped at the box
3/ Infants showed no difference in looking time between the habituation and test events
4/ Infants did not stop looking even when they could no longer see the box

A

1/ Infants looked longer when the rotating screen appeared to pass through the box

MSc Psychology: Developmental (5 decks)

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