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MSc Psychology: Developmental > Attachment > Flashcards

Attachment Flashcards

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1
Q

Who proposed Attachment Theory?

1/ Mary Ainsworth
2/ Main & Solomon
3/ Diana Baumrind
4/ John Bowlby

A

4/ John Bowlby

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2
Q

Baumrind’s four parenting types are

1/ Authoritarian, permissive, indifferent, authoritative
2/ Authoritative, submissive, indifferent, permissive
3/ Authoritarian, submissive, permissive, authoritative
4/ Authoritative, indifferent, submissive, authoritarian

A

1/ Authoritarian, permissive, indifferent, authoritative

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3
Q

Which of Baumrind’s parenting types is described by:

  • Control through power; expect compliance
  • Associated with defiance, dependency and low social competence in children

1/ Authoritarian
2/ Permissive
3/ Indifferent
4/ Authoritative

A

1/ Authoritarian

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4
Q

Which of Baumrind’s parenting types is described by:

  • Loving, but little control
  • Associated with low assertiveness and low self-control in children

1/ Authoritarian
2/ Permissive
3/ Indifferent
4/ Authoritative

A

2/ Permissive

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5
Q

Which of Baumrind’s parenting types is described by:

  • Rejecting or neglecting
  • Associated with emotional and behavioural problems in children

1/ Authoritarian
2/ Permissive
3/ Indifferent
4/ Authoritative

A

3/ Indifferent

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6
Q

Which of Baumrind’s parenting types is described by:

  • Combines warmth and affection with firm control
  • Children are likely to show more self-reliance, cooperation and self-control

1/ Authoritarian
2/ Permissive
3/ Indifferent
4/ Authoritative

A

4/ Authoritative

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7
Q

Which of the below is not one of Bowlby’s attachment styles?

1/ Avoidant
2/ Secure
3/ Regressive
4/ Anxious

A

3/ Regressive

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8
Q

“Children deprived of contact with their mother during the sensitive period, or who experience repeated separations, become permanently detached and incapable of love”. This describes:

1/ Baumrind’s Indifferent Parenting Type
2/ Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis
3/ Ainsworth’s Stranger Situation Classification (SSC)
4/ Bowlby’s Internal Working Model of Attachment

A

2/ Bowlby’s Maternal Deprivation Hypothesis

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9
Q

Which are Bowlby’s two competing, but complementary ‘drives’?

1/ Proximity and exploration
2/ Survival and sex
3/ Survival and exploration
4/ Proximity and sex

A

1/ Proximity and exploration

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10
Q

According to Bowlby, at 5-7 months old….

1/ Attachment operates at cognitive level, based on expectations of trust, affection & approval
2/ Begin to discriminate, more likely to smile & be comforted by primary caregiver(s)
3/ Orientate and signal to people without discriminating between them
4/ Separation protest, maintain proximity, fear of strangers

A

2/ Begin to discriminate, more likely to smile & be comforted by primary caregiver(s)

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11
Q

According to Bowlby, at 7-9 months old….

1/ Attachment operates at cognitive level, based on expectations of trust, affection & approval
2/ Begin to discriminate, more likely to smile & be comforted by primary caregiver(s)
3/ Orientate and signal to people without discriminating between them
4/ Separation protest, maintain proximity, fear of strangers

A

4/ Separation protest, maintain proximity, fear of strangers

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12
Q

According to Bowlby, at 3-4 years old….

1/ Attachment operates at cognitive level, based on expectations of trust, affection & approval
2/ Begin to discriminate, more likely to smile & be comforted by primary caregiver(s)
3/ Orientate and signal to people without discriminating between them
4/ Separation protest, maintain proximity, fear of strangers

A

1/ Attachment operates at cognitive level, based on expectations of trust, affection & approval

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13
Q

According to Bowlby, newborn infants…

1/ Attachment operates at cognitive level, based on expectations of trust, affection & approval
2/ Begin to discriminate, more likely to smile & be comforted by primary caregiver(s)
3/ Orientate and signal to people without discriminating between them
4/ Separation protest, maintain proximity, fear of strangers

A

3/ Orientate and signal to people without discriminating between them

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14
Q

________________ is a standardised procedure devised by Mary Ainsworth in the 1970s to observe attachment security in children within the context of caregiver relationships

1/ The stranger situation classification (SSC)
2/ The mother situation classification (MSC)
3/ The caregiver situation classification (CSC)
4/ The Bobo-doll situation classification (BDSC)

A

1/ The stranger situation classification (SSC)

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15
Q

How many attachment styles did Ainsworth identify?

1/ 3
2/ 4
3/ 5
4/ 7

A

1/ 3

Secure (type B), Insecure avoidant (type A) and insecure ambivalent/resistant (type C)

A fourth attachment style known as disorganized was later identified (Main, & Solomon, 1990).

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16
Q

Who identified “disorganised” as an attachment style?

1/ Mary Ainsworth
2/ Main & Solomon
3/ Diana Baumrind
4/ John Bowlby

A

2/ Main & Solomon

17
Q

Secure (type B), Insecure avoidant (type A) and insecure ambivalent/resistant (type C) are all attachment styles identified by:

1/ Mary Ainsworth
2/ Main & Solomon
3/ Diana Baumrind
4/ John Bowlby

A

1/ Mary Ainsworth

18
Q

What has Bowlby’s contribution not been criticised for?

1/ It over-emphasises the role of women
2/ Mothers have to be continually available; negative outcomes in behaviour blamed on lack of sensitivity
3/ Overlooked the importance of the emotional well-being of the child
4/ Neglects role of father & other family members

A

3/ Overlooked the importance of the emotional well-being of the child

He recognised the importance of the emotional well-being of the child

19
Q

According to Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson, the following statement applies to which of their for stages of attachment development?

“The baby becomes increasingly independent and forms several attachments. By this stage the majority of infants have formed multiple attachments.”

1/ Asocial (0 - 6 weeks)
2/ Indiscriminate Attachments (6 weeks to 7 months)
3/ Specific Attachment (7 - 9 months)
4/ Multiple Attachment (10 months and onwards)

A

4/ Multiple Attachment (10 months and onwards)

The results of the study indicated that attachments were most likely to form with those who responded accurately to the baby’s signals, not the person they spent more time with. Schaffer and Emerson called this sensitive responsiveness.

20
Q

According to Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson, the following statement applies to which of their for stages of attachment development?

“Special preference for a single attachment figure. The baby looks to particular people for security, comfort, and protection. It shows fear of strangers (stranger fear) and unhappiness when separated from a special person (separation anxiety).”

1/ Asocial (0 - 6 weeks)
2/ Indiscriminate Attachments (6 weeks to 7 months)
3/ Specific Attachment (7 - 9 months)
4/ Multiple Attachment (10 months and onwards)

A

3/ Specific Attachment (7 - 9 months)

Some babies show stranger fear and separation anxiety much more frequently and intensely than others, nevertheless, they are seen as evidence that the baby has formed an attachment. This has usually developed by one year of age.

21
Q

According to Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson, the following statement applies to which of their for stages of attachment development?

“Infants indiscriminately enjoy human company, and most babies respond equally to any caregiver. They get upset when an individual ceases to interact with them.”

1/ Asocial (0 - 6 weeks)
2/ Indiscriminate Attachments (6 weeks to 7 months)
3/ Specific Attachment (7 - 9 months)
4/ Multiple Attachment (10 months and onwards)

A

2/ Indiscriminate Attachments (6 weeks to 7 months)

From 3 months infants smile more at familiar faces and can be easily comfortable by a regular caregiver.

22
Q

According to Rudolph Schaffer and Peggy Emerson, the following statement applies to which of their for stages of attachment development?

“Many kinds of stimuli, both social and non-social, produce a favourable reaction, such as a smile.”

1/ Asocial (0 - 6 weeks)
2/ Indiscriminate Attachments (6 weeks to 7 months)
3/ Specific Attachment (7 - 9 months)
4/ Multiple Attachment (10 months and onwards)

A

1/ Asocial (0 - 6 weeks)

23
Q

Weisner & Gallimore challenged Bowlby’s emphasis on the mother as primary caregiver by showing….

1/ Cross culturally the majority of children have multiple primary caregivers
2/ Cross culturally babies consistently show more attachment to a caregiver of the same sex
3/ Cross culturally babies consistently show more attachment to a caregiver of the opposite sex
4/ Cross culturally babies consistently show more attachment to the caregiver who provides the most food

A

1/ Cross culturally the majority of children have multiple primary caregivers

24
Q

What is disinhibited attachment?

1/ Lack of selectivity in social relationships
2/ Attention seeking, inappropriate closeness to unfamiliar adults, lack of social referencing towards known adults in novel context
3/ Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) in the DSM-5
4/ 1 & 2
5/ 1, 2 & 3

A

5/ 1, 2 & 3

25
Q

Michael Rutter is known for conducting which seminal study?

1/ The Bucharest Early Intervention Project
2/ Romanian orphan studies: effects of institutionalisation
3/ The Stranger Situation
4/ Open Field Test

A

2/ Romanian orphan studies: effects of institutionalisation

26
Q

What is Theory of Mind?

1/ The problem of being able to reconcile neural physiology with phenomenological experience.
2/ The dualistic concept of mind-body separation.
3/ Ability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes and be able to understand how they feel and why they act in a certain way
4/ The notion that human consciousness is distinct from, and more special than animal consciousness

A

3/ Ability to put yourself in someone else’s shoes and be able to understand how they feel and why they act in a certain way

27
Q

Regarding Theory of Mind (ToM), sibling relationships are thought to…

1/ Have no bearing on the development of ToM
2/ Be influenced by ToM, but not influence ToM
3/ Not be influenced by ToM, but influence ToM
4/ Be influenced by ToM, and also influence ToM

A

4/ Be influenced by ToM, and also influence ToM

28
Q

Children who show some distress when their caregiver leaves but are able to compose themselves knowing that their caregiver will return are said to have which attachment style?

1/ Anxious-preoccupied
2/ Secure
3/ Dismissive-avoidant
4/ Fearful-avoidant

A

2/ Secure

29
Q

People who are desperate to form a fantasy bond. Instead of feeling real love or trust toward their partner, they often feel emotional hunger. They’re frequently looking to their partner to rescue or complete them. This describes which attachment style?

1/ Anxious-preoccupied
2/ Secure
3/ Dismissive-avoidant
4/ Fearful-avoidant

A

1/ Anxious-preoccupied

30
Q

People who tend to suppress and hide their feelings, and tend to deal with rejection by distancing themselves from the sources of rejection are said to have which attachment style?

1/ Anxious-preoccupied
2/ Secure
3/ Dismissive-avoidant
4/ Fearful-avoidant

A

3/ Dismissive-avoidant

31
Q

A person who lives in an ambivalent state of being afraid of being both too close to or too distant from others. They attempt to keep their feelings at bay but are unable to; they can’t just avoid their anxiety or run away from their feelings. This describes which attachment style?

1/ Anxious-preoccupied
2/ Secure
3/ Dismissive-avoidant
4/ Fearful-avoidant

A

4/ Fearful-avoidant

MSc Psychology: Developmental (5 decks)

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