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PSYC-218-01 > intro to developmental psych > Flashcards

intro to developmental psych Flashcards

1
Q

area of psychology that studies growth and change throughout the lifespan

A

developmental psychology

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2
Q

why do we study development?

A
  • understand growth over time
  • apply to other areas: parenting, education, health care
  • to know the norm
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3
Q

what is nature in psychology?

A

belief that development is due to heredity and maturation

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4
Q

what is nurture in psychology?

A

belief that development is due to experience and the environment

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5
Q

Arnold Gesell

A
  • proponent of nature approach
  • developed norms of motor development which are still used today
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6
Q

John Watson

A
  • father of behaviorism
  • did Little Albert experiment
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7
Q

behaviorism

A

the psychological theory that all behavior is learned

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8
Q

Little Albert experiment

A

an experiment performed by John Watson, focused on fear and classical conditioning using a child
- used neural stimuli

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9
Q

Nature AND Nurture

A

this is an interaction approach, now considered the most accepted view since the 1960s

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10
Q

Jean Piaget

A
  • father of developmental psychology
  • Swiss man
  • supported interaction of nature v nurture
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11
Q

Piaget’s contribution to developmental psychology

A
  • the theory of how we learn
  • stages of cognitive development
  • applications of theories in psych and education
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12
Q

Piaget’s theory of how we learn

A
  • humans are active learners
  • learn through actions and exploration
  • hands on/experiential learning
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13
Q

What do the stages of cognitive development provide?

A

a framework to understand how individuals think

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14
Q

are the stages of cognitive development universal?

A

yes

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15
Q

Stages of Cognitive Development

A
  • Sensorimotor
  • Preoperational
  • concrete
  • formal operation
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16
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A
  • infancy
  • thought is non-symbolic
  • object permanence
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17
Q

Preoperational stage

A
  • early childhood
  • thought is symbolic, but illogical
18
Q

Concrete stage

A
  • middle childhood
  • thought is logical, but concrete
19
Q

Formal Operations stage

A
  • adolescence to adults
  • thought is abstract
20
Q

B.F Skinner

A
  • supported the nurture approach
  • developed the Theory of Reinforcement
  • his theories are applied in psych and education
21
Q

Theory of Reinforcement

A

we repeat behaviors that are awarded and fail to repeat those that are punished
- positive and negative reinforcement

22
Q

Sigmund Freud

A
  • expanded the field of psych to include personality, abnormal behavior, and therapy
  • based his theory of personality on case studies of patients with emotional disorders
  • supported interaction approach
  • highly controversial. Oedipus Complex, highly sexualized view of children
23
Q

Freud’s contributions to developmental psych

A
  • emphasized the importance of infancy and early childhood on emotional development
  • first to propose that emotional development is due to the interaction of child and parent
  • his stages of psychosexual development provide a framework for understanding personality/emotional development
24
Q

Freud’s Psychosexual Stages of Personality Development

A
  • oral
  • anal
  • phallic
  • latency
  • genital
25
Q

Oral Stage

A

infancy, 1st year
- trust and security developed

26
Q

Anal Stage

A

Infancy, 2nd year
- independence stage

27
Q

Phallic Stage

A

early childhood
- concepts of gender roles developed

28
Q

Latency Stage

A

middle childhood
- learning about the world

29
Q

Genital Stage

A

adolescence/adult
- personal relationships

30
Q

Erik Erikson

A
  • Swiss psychologist
  • student of Freud
  • supported the interaction approach
31
Q

Erikson’s contributions to developmental psych

A
  • First to propose a lifespan theory of personality development
  • expanded focus to include influence of social and cultural factors on personality development
  • his stages of psychosocial development provide framework for understanding personality/emotional development
32
Q

Lifespan theory of personality development

A
  • suggests that adults mature as age progresses
  • 3 stages: early adulthood, middle adulthood, late adulthood
33
Q

Erikson’s stages of personality development

A
  • 8 stages (from infancy to late adulthood)
  • conflict to be resolved at each stage
    –> positive resolution makes it easier to resolve the next stage
34
Q

cross sectional design

A
  • groups of subjects of different ages are studied or assessed once
35
Q

advantages of cross sectional study

A
  • studies growth and change
  • takes less time
  • less problem with subjects dropping out
36
Q

limitations to cross sectional study

A
  • cannot measure stability of traits or behavior
  • cohort effects (other factors that cannot be controlled)
37
Q

longitudinal design

A

a group of subjects is studied or assessed more than once over time

38
Q

advantages of longitudinal study

A
  • can study change and stability of traits and behaviors
  • controls for cohort effects
39
Q

limitations of longitudinal study

A
  • subjects may drop out
  • takes more time
40
Q

free card!

A

free card!

PSYC-218-01 (5 decks)

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