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Dermatology > Intro to dermatology > Flashcards

Intro to dermatology Flashcards

1
Q

Properties of the skin

A

-largest organ in the body -contains adnexal structures (added on to larger organs) e.g. nails, hairs, glands, sensory structures

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2
Q

Layers of the skin

A

epidermis dermis subcutaneous tissue

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3
Q

what is subcutaneous tissue also known as?

A

hypodermis

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4
Q

Properties of subcutaneous tissue

A

-Fat energy store -Insulation -Fibrous bands which anchor the skin to the underlying fascia

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5
Q

What is the dermis Made up of?

A

-Made up of collagen and elastin matrix with mucopolysaccharide -Main cells: fibroblasts, dermal dendritis cells and macrophages Contains: -Sebacous glands -Errector pili muscles -Hair follicles -Arteries -Veins -Sweat gland -Arteries

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6
Q

what are the layers of the dermis

A

From bottom to top: -Basale -spinosum -granulosom -Lucidum -corneum

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7
Q

Function of the basale

A

• Cells divide by mitosis • Some of the new cells become part of the more superficial layers • Contains melanocytes

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8
Q

Function of the spinousum

A

• Keratin accumulates • Lamellar bodies accumulate

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9
Q

Function of the granulosum

A

• Cells die • Lamellar bodie release lipids • Keratohyalin s and protein form a hard envelope

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10
Q

function of the lucidum

A

• Dead cells found between layers of keratohyalin

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11
Q

function of the corneum

A

• Cells containing keratin found within a hard protein envelope • These cells contain keratin • These cells are surrounded by lipid.

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12
Q

What do melanocytes do?

A

Melanocytes make melanosomes which are excreted and phagocytosed into keratinocytes.

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13
Q

what do largenhans cells do

A

Langerhans cells- process antigens and move to the lymph nodes to induce an immune response

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14
Q

Label the nail

A

From top to bottom:

  • Hyponychium
  • Nail plate
  • Lateral nallifold
  • Nail bed
  • Lunula
  • Cuticle
  • Proximal nallifold
  • Nail matrix
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15
Q

Explain the hair cycle

A

Anagen

  • Active growing phase
  • 80-90% of hair is in this phase

Catagen

  • 2-3 week phase
  • Growth stops
  • Follicles shrink
  • 1/3% of all hairs

Telogen

  • resting phase for 1-4 months
  • up to 10% of hairs on scalp
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16
Q

What are the main functions of the skin

A

Thermoregulation : Insulation, heat transfer

Immune system : Innate and adaptive

Barrier:

Protects against mechanical, chemical, UV light, microorganisms

Keeps in water, electrolytes and macromolecules

Sensation: Temperature, touch, pain

Vitamin D synthesis : converts 7-dehydrocholesterol into cholecalciferol

Intrapersonal communication: physical appearance, smell, self-identity

17
Q

when is skin disease important

A
  • Disfigurement
  • Discomfort
  • Disability
  • Depression
  • Death
18
Q

Aetiology of skin disease

A

Internal :

  • Systemic illness
  • Autoimmune
  • Genetics
  • Drugs
  • Infection

External:

  • UV light
  • Temperature
  • chemical
  • infection
19
Q

Examples of skin disease caused by temp

A

e.g. Frost bite

Chill blains

Skin necrosis

Cold Urticaria

20
Q
A

Cold urticaria

21
Q

Macula

A

Small circumscribed area

22
Q

Patch

A

Larger circumscribed area

23
Q

Pustule

A

small pus filled area

24
Q

Abcess

A

large pus filled area

25
Q

Papule

A

Small raised area

26
Q

Plaque

A

Larger Raised area

27
Q

Vescicle

A

: small fluid filled area

28
Q

Patch

A

: larger fluid filled area

29
Q

Erosion

A

loss of epidermis

30
Q

Ulcer

A

Loss of epidermis and dermis

31
Q

Investigations for bacterial infection

A

Charcol swab

MCS:

Microscopy

Culture

Sensitivity

32
Q

Investigation for fungal infection

A
  • Skin scraping
  • Nail clipping
  • Hair sample
  • fungal culture
33
Q

Which systemic illness can be diagnosed by underlying systemic illness

A

Erythema nodosum

Sarcoidosis

Vasculitis

Malignancy

Auto-immune condition

34
Q

What is this and what it is associated with

A

Pretibial myxedema associated with 5% of grave’s disease

35
Q

what is this and what is it associated with

A

Acanthosis nigricans associated with insulin resistance, obesity and malignancy

Dermatology (14 decks)

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