Infections & Infestations Flashcards
Describe the progression of HSV?
1st exposure causes the first clinical episode or goes straight to latency.
Lies latent in your DRG
New episodes occur due to certain stimuli
What can cause a flare up of HSV?
- Trauma
- Menstruation
- Sunlight
- Fever
- Stress
- random?
What patients suffer badly with HSV?
Immunocompromised or atopic patients
What conditions are caused by HZV?
Chickenpox on primary exposure
Shingles later
How is Scabies transmitted?
Person to person.
Its slow, you have to hold someones body for around a minute for the mites to pass over. (so think loved ones)
How do you treat scabies?
Liclear cream
Patient has to cover their whole body in it, wait 8 hours, wash it off and repeat in 1 wk
Ensure you treat all their contacts simulatenously to prevent re-infection
What virus causes warts?
Human Papilloma Virus (HPV)
has a 4 month incubation period
What are the types of Warts?
Common
Plantar
Genital
Other - Plane/filiform/mosaic
How do we treat bacterial infections?
Antibiotics
IV for Erysipelas
Drain pus from a boil
presentation of someone with HSV?
- Sore areas
- Vescicles follow
- Pustules and ulcers can also present
HSV-1 :
- 90% of cases in adults between the age of 20-40
- Usually asymptomatic in children
HSV-2:
-Genital infection
How is VZV spread?
- Via airdroplets so by coughing and sneezing
- by bodily fluids
Treatment for chicken pox?
- Symptomatics
- Calamine lotions
Complications of shingles?
- post-herpetic neuralgia
- infection
Treatment
- Pain relief
- Keep area clean to prevent infection
Candida infections- predisposing factors
- DM
- Occlusion
- Immunosuppression
- Broad spectrum antibiotics
Presentation of candida infections?
o Erythematous presentation
o Satellite pustules
o Intertriginous areas: areas where two areas of skin might touch e.g. between fingers, inguinal folds, sub-mammary
Treatment for candida infections
- Remove pre-disposing causes
- topical antifungals and oral antifungals in some cases
Presentation of scabies
- Itch
- Burrows of 0.5 to 1.5cm, grey
- Affects trunk and limbs but spares the scalp
Treatment of scabies
- Antiscabetic topical cream which needs to be repeated after 1 week
- sometimes oral medicine is required
What causes syphilis?
Treponema pallidum
Presentation of primary, secondary and tertiary syphilis
Primary: Episodes of active disease followed by latent periods
o Usually presents as a single sore ulcer – initially an small red papule
o Usually where the infection has entered e.g. the genital area/ the mouth
Secondary: Rash and flu-like symptoms o 3 weeks to 3 months later o Widespread o Can be subtle or can rough red/ brown/ yellowish patches o Usually on trunk, palms, soles
Tertiary: if left untreated can effect brain, eyes , heart and bones
o Patient is infectious
o Granulomatous lesions= gummas on skin, mouth, throat
Investigation for syphilis?
Serological tests turn positive after 5-6 weeks after infection
Non-specific treponemal test
Specific treponemal antibody test
Treatment
Injection of penicillin depending on site