Intro to CNS Flashcards
Neurotransmitter binds to and openion channels
Direct Action
Neurotransmitter act through intracellular second messengers, usually G protein pathways
Indirect Action
Promotes rapid responses byaltering membrane potential
Direct Action
Broader, longer=lasting effects
Indirect
opens and closes in RESPONSE TO VOLTAGE changes across the membrane
Voltage-gated
a hormone, drug or transimitter binds to the protein and the channels opens up
Ligan-gated
Na channels, lidocaine are examples of
voltage gated
glutamate(AMPA), nicotinic ACh receptors are examples of
ligand-gated
Action is immediate and brief
Ionotropic (ligand-gated
Not directly linked to ion channels
Metabotropic
some are excitatory and open channels forsmall cation
Ionotropic
initiates biochemical processes that mediate more long term effects and modify the responsiveness of the neuron
metabotropic
some are are inhibitor and allow Cl influx or K efflux to cause hyprerpolarization
ionotropic
Neurotransmitter acts as the first messenger which activates a second messenger that in turn changes excitability of a neurons
Metabotropic
receptors on an axon terminal through which the neuron’s own neurotransmitter can influence the function of the terminal (usually inhibitory) - for example, D2 receptors
autorecpetor
receptors on an axon terminal through which neurotransmitters from other neuronal types can influence the function of the terminal
heteroreceptor
Catecholamines
dopamine
norepinephrine
epinephrine
Dop.:
tyronsine is converted to DOPA by
tyrosine hydroxylase
Dop.:
DOPA is converted to Dopamine by
Aromatic amino acid decaroxylase
DA enters a vesicle by way of
VMAT:vesicular mono amine transporter
DOPA stands for
dihydroxyphenyl alanine
NE:
Starting molecule for NE
tryrosine
NE:
Tyrosine is converted to DOPA by
tryosine hydroxylase
NE:
DOPA is converted to what by AAAC
Dopamine
NE:
inside the vesicle, DA is converted to NE by
DbetaH (dopamine beta hydroxylase)
Enzyme that catalyzes NE to EPR
PMNT: phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase
5HT:
starting molecule
tryptophan
5HT:
tryptophan is converted to 5HTP by
trypotophan hydroxylase
5HT:
5HTP is converted to 5HT by
AAAC
ACh:
Starting molecule
Choline
ACh:
How is choline turned into ACh
Choline + Acetyl CoA with enzyme choline acetyl trasnferase
ACh:
What does ACh use to get into the vesicule
Vesicular ACh transporter
Enzyme that breaks down ACh
acetylcholinesterase
GABA is
inhibitory
Glutamate is
excitatoary
Starting molecule for glutamate
alpha keto glutarate
enzyme for turning alpha keto glutarate into glutamate?
amino transferase
name of transporter for putting Glu into a vesicle
vesicular glutame transporter
glutamate is turned into glutamine in astrocytes by
glutamine synthetase
Starting molecule for GABA
Glutamate
GABA is made from glutamate from what enzyme
GAD: glutamate decarboxylase
GABA is converted to what in astrocytes?
succinate
Gaseous signaling molecule
CNS role controversial
Relaxes vascular smooth muscle
Nitric Oxide
