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Human Disease & Therapeutics > Final, Test One > Flashcards

Final, Test One Flashcards

1
Q
  • Muscarinic Agonist

- Urinary problems (makes you pee)

A

Bethanechol

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2
Q
  • Muscarinic Agonist

- Tx dry mouth/Sjogren’s

A

Pilocarpine

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3
Q
  • Cholinesterase inhibitor (increases concentration of Ach)

- Tx alzheimer’s

A

Donepezil

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4
Q
  • Muscarinic antagonist
  • Stops saliva
  • Increases HR after MI
A

Atropine

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5
Q
  • Muscarinic Antagonist
  • Motion Sickness
  • sedation, constipation, xerostomia, dilated pupils
A

Scopalamine

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6
Q
  • Nicotinic Muscarinic Antagonist

- Relaxes skeletal muscles (during surgery)

A

Succinylcholine

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7
Q
  • A1 agonist

- decongestant

A

Phenylephrine

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8
Q
  • A1 antagonist
    • Lowers BP by dilating vessels
    • Tx BPH
    • Orthostatic hypotension a concern
A

Prazosin

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9
Q
  • A2 agonist (presynaptic receptors)
    • Lowers BP by decreasing NE release
    • Tx HTN, ADHD, and glaucoma
A

Clonidine/Guanfacine

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10
Q
  • B1 and B2 agonist

- Tx bradycardia, heart block, and some asthma (increases HR, dilates bronchioles)

A

Isoproterenol

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11
Q
  • B-antagonist (non-slective)
  • BP drug
  • decrease heart rate and bronchoconstrict
A

Propanolol

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12
Q

-B1 blocker (selective)

A

Atenolol

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13
Q
  • B2 agonist
    • Asthma, COPD
    • CHRONIC asthma
A

Albuterol

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14
Q
  • B2 agonist
    • Asthma, bronchitis
    • Slow uterine contractions (delay labor)
A

Terbutaline

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15
Q
  • D2 antagonist

- Schozophrenia, touret’s

A

Haloperidol

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16
Q
  • Mixed agonists
    • Increase BP
    • Herbal weight loss drugs
A

Ephedra/Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine

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17
Q
  • Amphetamines in, NE and DA out

- Catecholamine mimickers

A

Amphetamines

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18
Q

-DA uptake blocker

A

Cocaine

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19
Q
  • DA uptake blocker
    • ADHD and narcolepsy
    • Ritalin
A

Methylphenidate

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20
Q
  • gingival hyperplasia
    • hirsuitism
    • blocks Na+ channels
    • Zero-order kinetics (monitor closely)
    • partial and generalized tonic-clonic
A

Phenytoin

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21
Q
  • Uncomplicated Absence (2x)

- blocks Ca++ channels

A

Ethosuximide

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22
Q
  • Partial and general tonic-clonic seizures
    • SJ syndrome
    • Na+ channel blocker
A

Carbamazapine

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23
Q
  • blocks Na+ channels
  • Side effects= weight, Reye-syndrome, SPINA BIFIDA, Liver toxicity
  • Don’t use on pregnant, bad liver
A

Valproate

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24
Q

Too little DA, too much Ach in nigral striatal pathway, alpha synuclein, Lewy bodies

A

Parkinson’s

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25
Q
  • anticholinergic
    • xerostomia (BIG TIME)
    • Constipation and urinary retention (take diuretics)
A

Benztropine

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26
Q

Too MUCH DA, too much AMPA/NMDA Glutamate, too little GABA in the striatal cell bodies

A

Huntington’s

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27
Q
  • Increases dopamine
    • works great on symptoms, may accelerate degeneration (psychosis)
    • Converted into DA after crossing BB (DA can’t cross- charged)
    • Carbidopa prevents the metabolism of levodopa systemically
    • glossitis, bruxism, dark saliva/teeth (oxidation of L-DOPA)
    • increased sympathetic activity- contraindicates using epi
    • L-DOPA could also treat a tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency
A

L-Dopa + Carbidopa

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28
Q
  • Cholinesterase inhibitor

- increase ACh

A

Donepezil

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29
Q
  • Atypical Antipsychotics (Olanzapine, Quetiapine etc)
    • SSRIs (Fluoxetine, Sertaline)
    • Tricyclic Antidepressants
A

Antipsychotics/antidepressants

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30
Q

Prednisone, Interferon, Methotrexate are used for

A

Multiple Sclerosis (Inflammation leads to demyelination)

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31
Q

COMT inhibitor

A

Entacopone, used for Parks

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32
Q

MAO inhibitor

A

Selegilne, used for Parks

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33
Q

dopamine D2 agonist

A

Pramipexole

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34
Q

Precursor for dopamine

A

L-dopa

35
Q

Nerve pain medication and anticonvulsant

It can treat seizures and pain caused by shingle

A

Gabapentin (MS)

36
Q

Dopamine promoter

It can treat Parkinson’s disease

A

Carbidopa

37
Q

Antipsychotic

It can treat certain types of mental disorders

A

haloperidol

38
Q

senile plaques and neurofibrillary tanges are caused by what and is what disease?

A

beta amyloid and taue protein

39
Q
  • symptoms can be relieved by treatmentwith methyltrexate
  • Damage to oligodendrocytes
  • Found more often in women, scandinavians, further from the equator
A

multiple scerosis

40
Q

abnormal pain that does not singal tissue damage or promote healing

A

neuropathic pain

41
Q

activated by mechanical, heat, and acid stimuli

A

polymodal nociceptors

42
Q

pain originating from musculoskeletal structures

A

somatic pain

43
Q

TRP V specialized ion channels

A

Mediator of sensitization

44
Q
  • Trigemial neuralgia
  • generally not associated with activation of nociceptors
  • Associated with the process of pain sensitization
A

what are things associated with neuropathic pain

45
Q
  • Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach
  • Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor
  • Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
A

Ibuprofen

46
Q
  • Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
  • Substitute for asprin in treatment of minor dental pain in patients with history of opioid abuse and an ulcer
A

Acetaminophen

47
Q
  • Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
  • Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach
  • Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor
  • Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach
  • Can cause Reye’s syndrome when used by children
A

Acetylsalicyclic acid

48
Q
  • NSAID though to be particularly effective in treatment of bone-related pain
  • Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor
  • Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach
  • Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
A

Diflunisal

49
Q
  • Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
  • Causes constipation in high doses and causes withdrawal when abuse is stopped
  • Mixed opioid agonist and antagonist
A

Pentazocine

50
Q

o Likely most effective in treating Trigeminal neuralgia

A

Gabapentin

51
Q

o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
o Substitute for asprin in treatment of minor dental pain in patients with history of opioid abuse and ulcer

A

Tramadol

52
Q

o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
o Mixed opioid agonist and antagonist
o NSAID though to be particularly effective in treatment of bone-related pain

A

Buprenorphine

53
Q

o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
o Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach
o Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor
o Long lasting NSAID

A

Naprosyn

54
Q

o Use for treatment of overdose by prescription opioid analgesics

A

Naloxone

55
Q

o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
o Causes constipation in high doses and causes withdrawal when abuse is stopped
o Most potent opiod analgesic

A

Fentanyl

56
Q
  • Too much Dopamine

- All drugs have extrapyridamal side effects (Tardive dyskinesias, Parkinson-like tremors), weight gain, etc

A

Schizophrenia

57
Q

SE’s of Phenothiazines

A

sedation and weight gain side effects, cheap, effective

58
Q

Typical Antipsychotics (block D2 receptors- postsynaptic) drugs for Schizophrenia

A 
Phenothiazines
   -Chorpromazine
   -Thioridizine
Butyrophenones
   -Haloperidol
59
Q

SE’s of Haloperidol

A

high extrapyridimal side effects (dyskisisa)

60
Q

Atypical Antipsychotics (also block 5HT2 Receptors, effective for “negative” effects of Schizophrenia)

A
  • Clozapine (agranulocytosis)
    • Quetiapine
    • Olanzapin
61
Q

Type of drugs for major depression

A
  • MAOI(Increases DA, 5HT, NE…. orthostatic hypotension, tyramine effect)
  • Tricyclic Antidepressants (Block NE uptake, bad withdrawal, hypnotic effect)
  • Monoamine uptake blockers (GI upset, depression in adolescents)
  • SSRIs
  • NE/5HT mixed transport blockers (venlafaxine, duloxetine)= more CVS side effects
62
Q

Name the 2 MAOI’s

A
  • phenelzine- major depression

- selegiline (used on Parkinson’s sometimes)

63
Q

Name 3 Tricyclic Antidepressants
n

	) -NE/5HT mixed transport blockers (venlafaxine, duloxetine)= more CVS side effects
A
  • amitriptyline
    - desipramine
    - doxepin
64
Q

Name two SSRI’s that treat Austism and bulimia

A 
fluoxetine= Prozac, 
sertraline= Zoloft
65
Q

What drugs for Bipolor (Manic/depressive) acts on 2nd messenger systems (GPCR, adenyll cyclase)

A

Lithium Carbonate

66
Q

SEs of Li

A

neuro and kidney

67
Q

List the three Antiepileptics used for bipolar

A
  • Valproate
  • Carbamazepine
  • Lamotrigine
68
Q

Name three Chronic Anxiety Disorders drugs

	Barbituates (enhance GABA, CYP450 inducer) 
		-Pentobarbital= IV sedation
		-Phenobarbital= seizures
	Buspirone (\$\$ compared to BDZ/Barbs)
		-non-sedating anxiolytic
A

Benzodiazepines
Barbituates
Buspirone

69
Q

Benzodiazepines (agonists on BDZ receptors, which modulates GABAaR) has two types, name them with drugs

A
  • Sedatives (diazepam and alprazolam)

- Hypnotics (lorazepam and triazolam)= to sleep, short acting

70
Q

Name the two Barbituates (enhance GABA, CYP450 inducer)

A
  • Pentobarbital= IV sedation

- Phenobarbital= seizures

71
Q

Buspirone is ___ compared to BDZ/Barbs

A

$$ compared to BDZ/Barbs

-non-sedating anxiolytic

72
Q

Drugs used for Panic Attacks (5HT thing rather than a GABA thing)

A

Paxil (Paroxetine)
-SSRI
Venlafaxin
-SNRI (5HT/NE)

73
Q

List the drugs used for ADHD/ADD

A

Stimulants (which actually work to relax kids)
-Amphetamines (Adderall)
-Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Non-stimulants
-Modafinil (less abuse, DAT/NET blocker)

74
Q

What durgs can treat Autism

A

Atypical antipsychotics

	- Clozapine
	- Quetiapine
	- Olanzapine

SSRIs

75
Q

drug used for Bulimia/Anorexia

A

Fluoxetine

76
Q

Messy MOA, upregulates several receptors, withdrawal → seizures, vasodilation, zero-order kinetics, 15-20% cirrhosis

A

Alcoholism

77
Q
  • Aldehyde dehydroxenase inhibitor

- increases aldehyde concentrations= CRUMMY FEELING

A

Disulfiram (antabuse)

78
Q

Mechanism of Cocaine and Ritalin

A
  • block DA reuptake transporter

- “inhibitor of the NE transporter

79
Q

Mechanism of Amphetamines (Meth, MDMA aka Ecstasy, bath salts)

A
  • reverse DA reuptake transporter and release DA from vesicles
  • METH= 10X the DA release (most of all drugs)
80
Q

Mechanism Opioids, Nicotine, Marijuana, Caffeine, Alcohol etc

A

-increase release of DA via other receptors

81
Q

the endogenous lingand naturally binds to cannabinoid 1 receptors is

A

anandaminde

82
Q

Most effective decongestant is alpha ___

A

1, PE

83
Q

endorphins directly stimulate ___ receptors

A

opioid

Human Disease & Therapeutics (5 decks)

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