Final, Test One Flashcards
- Muscarinic Agonist
- Urinary problems (makes you pee)
Bethanechol
- Muscarinic Agonist
- Tx dry mouth/Sjogren’s
Pilocarpine
- Cholinesterase inhibitor (increases concentration of Ach)
- Tx alzheimer’s
Donepezil
- Muscarinic antagonist
- Stops saliva
- Increases HR after MI
Atropine
- Muscarinic Antagonist
- Motion Sickness
- sedation, constipation, xerostomia, dilated pupils
Scopalamine
- Nicotinic Muscarinic Antagonist
- Relaxes skeletal muscles (during surgery)
Succinylcholine
- A1 agonist
- decongestant
Phenylephrine
- A1 antagonist
- Lowers BP by dilating vessels
- Tx BPH
- Orthostatic hypotension a concern
Prazosin
- A2 agonist (presynaptic receptors)
- Lowers BP by decreasing NE release
- Tx HTN, ADHD, and glaucoma
Clonidine/Guanfacine
- B1 and B2 agonist
- Tx bradycardia, heart block, and some asthma (increases HR, dilates bronchioles)
Isoproterenol
- B-antagonist (non-slective)
- BP drug
- decrease heart rate and bronchoconstrict
Propanolol
-B1 blocker (selective)
Atenolol
- B2 agonist
- Asthma, COPD
- CHRONIC asthma
Albuterol
- B2 agonist
- Asthma, bronchitis
- Slow uterine contractions (delay labor)
Terbutaline
- D2 antagonist
- Schozophrenia, touret’s
Haloperidol
- Mixed agonists
- Increase BP
- Herbal weight loss drugs
Ephedra/Ephedrine/Pseudoephedrine
- Amphetamines in, NE and DA out
- Catecholamine mimickers
Amphetamines
-DA uptake blocker
Cocaine
- DA uptake blocker
- ADHD and narcolepsy
- Ritalin
Methylphenidate
- gingival hyperplasia
- hirsuitism
- blocks Na+ channels
- Zero-order kinetics (monitor closely)
- partial and generalized tonic-clonic
Phenytoin
- Uncomplicated Absence (2x)
- blocks Ca++ channels
Ethosuximide
- Partial and general tonic-clonic seizures
- SJ syndrome
- Na+ channel blocker
Carbamazapine
- blocks Na+ channels
- Side effects= weight, Reye-syndrome, SPINA BIFIDA, Liver toxicity
- Don’t use on pregnant, bad liver
Valproate
Too little DA, too much Ach in nigral striatal pathway, alpha synuclein, Lewy bodies
Parkinson’s
- anticholinergic
- xerostomia (BIG TIME)
- Constipation and urinary retention (take diuretics)
Benztropine
Too MUCH DA, too much AMPA/NMDA Glutamate, too little GABA in the striatal cell bodies
Huntington’s
- Increases dopamine
- works great on symptoms, may accelerate degeneration (psychosis)
- Converted into DA after crossing BB (DA can’t cross- charged)
- Carbidopa prevents the metabolism of levodopa systemically
- glossitis, bruxism, dark saliva/teeth (oxidation of L-DOPA)
- increased sympathetic activity- contraindicates using epi
- L-DOPA could also treat a tyrosine hydroxylase deficiency
L-Dopa + Carbidopa
- Cholinesterase inhibitor
- increase ACh
Donepezil
- Atypical Antipsychotics (Olanzapine, Quetiapine etc)
- SSRIs (Fluoxetine, Sertaline)
- Tricyclic Antidepressants
Antipsychotics/antidepressants
Prednisone, Interferon, Methotrexate are used for
Multiple Sclerosis (Inflammation leads to demyelination)
COMT inhibitor
Entacopone, used for Parks
MAO inhibitor
Selegilne, used for Parks
dopamine D2 agonist
Pramipexole
Precursor for dopamine
L-dopa
Nerve pain medication and anticonvulsant
It can treat seizures and pain caused by shingle
Gabapentin (MS)
Dopamine promoter
It can treat Parkinson’s disease
Carbidopa
Antipsychotic
It can treat certain types of mental disorders
haloperidol
senile plaques and neurofibrillary tanges are caused by what and is what disease?
beta amyloid and taue protein
- symptoms can be relieved by treatmentwith methyltrexate
- Damage to oligodendrocytes
- Found more often in women, scandinavians, further from the equator
multiple scerosis
abnormal pain that does not singal tissue damage or promote healing
neuropathic pain
activated by mechanical, heat, and acid stimuli
polymodal nociceptors
pain originating from musculoskeletal structures
somatic pain
TRP V specialized ion channels
Mediator of sensitization
- Trigemial neuralgia
- generally not associated with activation of nociceptors
- Associated with the process of pain sensitization
what are things associated with neuropathic pain
- Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach
- Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor
- Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
Ibuprofen
- Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
- Substitute for asprin in treatment of minor dental pain in patients with history of opioid abuse and an ulcer
Acetaminophen
- Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
- Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach
- Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor
- Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach
- Can cause Reye’s syndrome when used by children
Acetylsalicyclic acid
- NSAID though to be particularly effective in treatment of bone-related pain
- Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor
- Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach
- Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
Diflunisal
- Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
- Causes constipation in high doses and causes withdrawal when abuse is stopped
- Mixed opioid agonist and antagonist
Pentazocine
o Likely most effective in treating Trigeminal neuralgia
Gabapentin
o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
o Substitute for asprin in treatment of minor dental pain in patients with history of opioid abuse and ulcer
Tramadol
o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
o Mixed opioid agonist and antagonist
o NSAID though to be particularly effective in treatment of bone-related pain
Buprenorphine
o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
o Can cause damage to the kidneys and stomach
o Combination of Cox 1 and 2 inhibitor
o Long lasting NSAID
Naprosyn
o Use for treatment of overdose by prescription opioid analgesics
Naloxone
o Effective against pain caused by A and C fibers from the plexus of Raschkow
o Causes constipation in high doses and causes withdrawal when abuse is stopped
o Most potent opiod analgesic
Fentanyl
- Too much Dopamine
- All drugs have extrapyridamal side effects (Tardive dyskinesias, Parkinson-like tremors), weight gain, etc
Schizophrenia
SE’s of Phenothiazines
sedation and weight gain side effects, cheap, effective
Typical Antipsychotics (block D2 receptors- postsynaptic) drugs for Schizophrenia
Phenothiazines -Chorpromazine -Thioridizine Butyrophenones -Haloperidol
SE’s of Haloperidol
high extrapyridimal side effects (dyskisisa)
Atypical Antipsychotics (also block 5HT2 Receptors, effective for “negative” effects of Schizophrenia)
- Clozapine (agranulocytosis)
- Quetiapine
- Olanzapin
Type of drugs for major depression
- MAOI(Increases DA, 5HT, NE…. orthostatic hypotension, tyramine effect)
- Tricyclic Antidepressants (Block NE uptake, bad withdrawal, hypnotic effect)
- Monoamine uptake blockers (GI upset, depression in adolescents)
- SSRIs
- NE/5HT mixed transport blockers (venlafaxine, duloxetine)= more CVS side effects
Name the 2 MAOI’s
- phenelzine- major depression
- selegiline (used on Parkinson’s sometimes)
Name 3 Tricyclic Antidepressants
n
) -NE/5HT mixed transport blockers (venlafaxine, duloxetine)= more CVS side effects
- amitriptyline
- desipramine
- doxepin
Name two SSRI’s that treat Austism and bulimia
fluoxetine= Prozac, sertraline= Zoloft
What drugs for Bipolor (Manic/depressive) acts on 2nd messenger systems (GPCR, adenyll cyclase)
Lithium Carbonate
SEs of Li
neuro and kidney
List the three Antiepileptics used for bipolar
- Valproate
- Carbamazepine
- Lamotrigine
Name three Chronic Anxiety Disorders drugs
Barbituates (enhance GABA, CYP450 inducer) -Pentobarbital= IV sedation -Phenobarbital= seizures Buspirone (\$\$ compared to BDZ/Barbs) -non-sedating anxiolytic
Benzodiazepines
Barbituates
Buspirone
Benzodiazepines (agonists on BDZ receptors, which modulates GABAaR) has two types, name them with drugs
- Sedatives (diazepam and alprazolam)
- Hypnotics (lorazepam and triazolam)= to sleep, short acting
Name the two Barbituates (enhance GABA, CYP450 inducer)
- Pentobarbital= IV sedation
- Phenobarbital= seizures
Buspirone is ___ compared to BDZ/Barbs
$$ compared to BDZ/Barbs
-non-sedating anxiolytic
Drugs used for Panic Attacks (5HT thing rather than a GABA thing)
Paxil (Paroxetine)
-SSRI
Venlafaxin
-SNRI (5HT/NE)
List the drugs used for ADHD/ADD
Stimulants (which actually work to relax kids)
-Amphetamines (Adderall)
-Methylphenidate (Ritalin)
Non-stimulants
-Modafinil (less abuse, DAT/NET blocker)
What durgs can treat Autism
Atypical antipsychotics
- Clozapine - Quetiapine - Olanzapine
SSRIs
drug used for Bulimia/Anorexia
Fluoxetine
Messy MOA, upregulates several receptors, withdrawal → seizures, vasodilation, zero-order kinetics, 15-20% cirrhosis
Alcoholism
- Aldehyde dehydroxenase inhibitor
- increases aldehyde concentrations= CRUMMY FEELING
Disulfiram (antabuse)
Mechanism of Cocaine and Ritalin
- block DA reuptake transporter
- “inhibitor of the NE transporter
Mechanism of Amphetamines (Meth, MDMA aka Ecstasy, bath salts)
- reverse DA reuptake transporter and release DA from vesicles
- METH= 10X the DA release (most of all drugs)
Mechanism Opioids, Nicotine, Marijuana, Caffeine, Alcohol etc
-increase release of DA via other receptors
the endogenous lingand naturally binds to cannabinoid 1 receptors is
anandaminde
Most effective decongestant is alpha ___
1, PE
endorphins directly stimulate ___ receptors
opioid
