Final, Test Two Flashcards
Common causes that contribute to the formation of atherosclerosis
- Smoking
- doabetes
- Lipid deposits in vessel wall
Likely causes of thrombocytopenia
- decreased bone marrow productions
- Multiple transfusions
- Immune reaction to platelet autoantibodies
the antidote to heparin is
protamine
herparin is given
parenteral
list the types of Antihypertensives
- Diuretics
- Sympathetic Tone
- Arteriole Dilators
- Calcium Channel Blockers
- Angiotensin affectors (block)
List the types of diuretic drugs
- Thiazides (HCTZ)
- First order
- K+ imbalances (deficiency- eat bananas)
- Loop (furosemide)
- more potent, more side effects
Sympathetic Tone drugs
- Beta blockers
- olols
- Alpha 1 blockers (prazosin and phentolamine)
- Alpha 2 agonists (clonidine common)
Name the three Arteriole Dilators drugs
- Hydralazine, minoxidil (arterioles)
- Nitroprusside (arterioles and venous)
- Nitroglycerine (venous)
- acts via cGMP (increases) not Ca-block
Name the two Calcium Channel Blockers drugs
- Verapamil (note: verapamil is used for HTN, antiarrythmias, and angina)
- Diltiazem
Name the Angiotensin affector drug
- Captopril (ACE inhibitor)
- block angiotensin 1 from becoming angiotensin 2
Mech of Hydralazine and use
- arteriole (smooth muscle relaxer) dilator
- reduce Hypertension
Mechanism and use of Spironolactone
- aldosterone target, K+ sparing
- reduce Hypertension
Mechanism and use of
diltiazem
- calcium channel blocker
- relieve angina and reduce hypertension/cardiac arrhythmias
- treat heart failure
Mechanism and use of mecamylamine
- ganglionic blocker
- reduce hypertension
Mechanism and use of captopril
- angiostensin converting enzyme inhibitor
- reduce hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias
Mechanism and use of atemolol
- selective beta 1 blocker
- reduce hypertension
Mechanism and use of simvastatin
- competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase
- reduce atherosclerosis and angina
Mechanism and use of fenobrate
- increases lipolysis in liver and muscle
- reduce atherosclerosis
Mechanism and use of exetimbe
- inhibits intestinal sterol absorption
- reduce atherosclerosis
Mechanism and use of milrinone
- positive ionotropic caridiac drug
- heart failure
Mechanism and use of dobutamine
- adenoceptor agonist
- reduce hypertension
Mechanism and use of amiodarone
- prolong refractory period in cardiac muscle
- reduce cardiac arrhythmias
Mechanism and use of quinidine
- Na+ channel blocker
- reduce cardiac arrhythmias
Mechanism and use of nitroglycerin
- metabolize to nitric oxide
- relieve angina and reduce hypertension/heart failure
What antiarrhythmic drug is:
- “ventricular arrhythmia”
- K-channel blocker, prolonged QT interval
- Advanced Cardiac Life Support (like a drug difibrilator
Amiodarone
Albuterol
Reliever
(rapid onset, 4-6 hr effect)
-“minor intermittent coughing episodes”
Fluticasone
Controllers
(corticosteroid)
-“chronic severe life-threatening coughing episodes”
-moderate severe asthma with greater risk of thrush, hoarseness, an increased infection. Slowed growth in children
- inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
- rate controlling step for synthesis of LDL
- lower LDL 50-60%
- side effects rare
Lovastatin
What antigualant is Intrinsic pathway PTT (partial thromboplastin time) Hospital setting Normal PTT= 25-35
Heparin
human insulin from e. coli
humalin
- no peaks/valleys
- background insulin
Insuline glargine
What type II Biguanides is:
- Very popular
- MOA poorly understood (decreased glucose production in liver, more insulin binding)
- Advantage: insulin sparing (does not provoke hypoglycemia used alone)
- Disadvantage: GI irritation
Metformin-Glucophage
-Lipase inhibitor
Orlistat
Methimazole is used to treat
Graves/Hyperthyroidism
what weight managment drug is: Weight Management -inhibits NE/DA uptake -dry mouth, HTN, palpitations -interacts with sympathomimetics like epi in anesthetic
Phentermine (amphetamine)
drug for treating addison’s disease
Hydrocortisone
Drugs for treating Graves/Hyperthyroidism
Methimazole
Lugol
what weight managment drug is:
- 5HT2C agonist
- suppresses appetite in hypothalamus
Lorcaserin
Lugol’s Solution/Potassium Iodide for treater hyperthyroidism
- inhibits organification and hormone release
- used less
Drugs for treating Cushings
Ketoconazole
Metyrapone
Mifepristone
Ketoconazole- inhbits
cortisol synthesis
Metyrapone- interferes with
corticosteroid synthesis
- antagonist at steroid receptor
Mifepristone
the effects of insulin is to promote
storage of glucose in cardiac muscle cells
Hashimoto’s/Hypothyroidism uses
T3/T4
-T4 has longer half-life, so usually used for treatment
rosiglitazone is a Type II Thiazolidinedione that
reduces insulin resistance (muscle and fat cells)
glipizide is a Sulfonylurease that
Increase release of insulin from beta cells
Synthroid (T4) treats hypothyriodism by
Activation of nuclear receptors results in gene expression with RNA formation and protein synthesis
Lispro works on diabetes by
Rapid-acting insulin, resembles endogenous insulin secretion, taken pre-meal
Sitagliptin is a type II debetes drug that works by
DPP-4 inhibitor, slows inactivation of incretin hormones, prolongs action of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Poplypeptide
Abciximab is an anti platelet drug that
Inhibits binding of fibrin to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa – no platelet cross linking
Streptokinase is used for
Thrombolytic
which anti platlet drug is:
-ADP receptor antagonists
– no platelet ADP-mediated aggregation
- clopidogrel
