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Human Disease & Therapeutics > Final, Test Two > Flashcards

Final, Test Two Flashcards

1
Q

Common causes that contribute to the formation of atherosclerosis

A
  • Smoking
  • doabetes
  • Lipid deposits in vessel wall
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2
Q

Likely causes of thrombocytopenia

A
  • decreased bone marrow productions
  • Multiple transfusions
  • Immune reaction to platelet autoantibodies
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3
Q

the antidote to heparin is

A

protamine

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4
Q

herparin is given

A

parenteral

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5
Q

list the types of Antihypertensives

A
  • Diuretics
  • Sympathetic Tone
  • Arteriole Dilators
  • Calcium Channel Blockers
  • Angiotensin affectors (block)
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6
Q

List the types of diuretic drugs

A
  • Thiazides (HCTZ)
    • First order
    • K+ imbalances (deficiency- eat bananas)
  • Loop (furosemide)
    • more potent, more side effects
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7
Q

Sympathetic Tone drugs

A
  • Beta blockers
    • olols
  • Alpha 1 blockers (prazosin and phentolamine)
  • Alpha 2 agonists (clonidine common)
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8
Q

Name the three Arteriole Dilators drugs

A
  • Hydralazine, minoxidil (arterioles)
  • Nitroprusside (arterioles and venous)
  • Nitroglycerine (venous)
    • acts via cGMP (increases) not Ca-block
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9
Q

Name the two Calcium Channel Blockers drugs

A
  • Verapamil (note: verapamil is used for HTN, antiarrythmias, and angina)
  • Diltiazem
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10
Q

Name the Angiotensin affector drug

A
  • Captopril (ACE inhibitor)

- block angiotensin 1 from becoming angiotensin 2

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11
Q

Mech of Hydralazine and use

A
  • arteriole (smooth muscle relaxer) dilator

- reduce Hypertension

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12
Q

Mechanism and use of Spironolactone

A
  • aldosterone target, K+ sparing

- reduce Hypertension

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13
Q

Mechanism and use of

diltiazem

A
  • calcium channel blocker
  • relieve angina and reduce hypertension/cardiac arrhythmias
  • treat heart failure
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14
Q

Mechanism and use of mecamylamine

A
  • ganglionic blocker

- reduce hypertension

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15
Q

Mechanism and use of captopril

A
  • angiostensin converting enzyme inhibitor

- reduce hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias

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16
Q

Mechanism and use of atemolol

A
  • selective beta 1 blocker

- reduce hypertension

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17
Q

Mechanism and use of simvastatin

A
  • competitive inhibitor of HMG CoA reductase

- reduce atherosclerosis and angina

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18
Q

Mechanism and use of fenobrate

A
  • increases lipolysis in liver and muscle

- reduce atherosclerosis

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19
Q

Mechanism and use of exetimbe

A
  • inhibits intestinal sterol absorption

- reduce atherosclerosis

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20
Q

Mechanism and use of milrinone

A
  • positive ionotropic caridiac drug

- heart failure

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21
Q

Mechanism and use of dobutamine

A
  • adenoceptor agonist

- reduce hypertension

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22
Q

Mechanism and use of amiodarone

A
  • prolong refractory period in cardiac muscle

- reduce cardiac arrhythmias

23
Q

Mechanism and use of quinidine

A
  • Na+ channel blocker

- reduce cardiac arrhythmias

24
Q

Mechanism and use of nitroglycerin

A
  • metabolize to nitric oxide

- relieve angina and reduce hypertension/heart failure

25
Q

What antiarrhythmic drug is:

  • “ventricular arrhythmia”
  • K-channel blocker, prolonged QT interval
  • Advanced Cardiac Life Support (like a drug difibrilator
A

Amiodarone

26
Q

Albuterol

A

Reliever
(rapid onset, 4-6 hr effect)
-“minor intermittent coughing episodes”

27
Q

Fluticasone

A

Controllers
(corticosteroid)
-“chronic severe life-threatening coughing episodes”
-moderate severe asthma with greater risk of thrush, hoarseness, an increased infection. Slowed growth in children

28
Q
  • inhibit HMG-CoA reductase
  • rate controlling step for synthesis of LDL
  • lower LDL 50-60%
  • side effects rare
A

Lovastatin

29
Q 
What antigualant is
Intrinsic pathway
PTT (partial thromboplastin time)
Hospital setting
Normal PTT= 25-35
A

Heparin

30
Q

human insulin from e. coli

A

humalin

31
Q
  • no peaks/valleys

- background insulin

A

Insuline glargine

32
Q

What type II Biguanides is:

  • Very popular
  • MOA poorly understood (decreased glucose production in liver, more insulin binding)
  • Advantage: insulin sparing (does not provoke hypoglycemia used alone)
  • Disadvantage: GI irritation
A

Metformin-Glucophage

33
Q

-Lipase inhibitor

A

Orlistat

34
Q

Methimazole is used to treat

A

Graves/Hyperthyroidism

35
Q 
what weight managment drug is:
Weight Management
-inhibits NE/DA uptake
-dry mouth, HTN, palpitations
-interacts with sympathomimetics like epi in anesthetic
A

Phentermine (amphetamine)

36
Q

drug for treating addison’s disease

A

Hydrocortisone

37
Q

Drugs for treating Graves/Hyperthyroidism

A

Methimazole

Lugol

38
Q

what weight managment drug is:

  • 5HT2C agonist
  • suppresses appetite in hypothalamus
A

Lorcaserin

39
Q

Lugol’s Solution/Potassium Iodide for treater hyperthyroidism

A
  • inhibits organification and hormone release

- used less

40
Q

Drugs for treating Cushings

A

Ketoconazole
Metyrapone
Mifepristone

41
Q

Ketoconazole- inhbits

A

cortisol synthesis

42
Q

Metyrapone- interferes with

A

corticosteroid synthesis

43
Q
  • antagonist at steroid receptor
A

Mifepristone

44
Q

the effects of insulin is to promote

A

storage of glucose in cardiac muscle cells

45
Q

Hashimoto’s/Hypothyroidism uses

A

T3/T4

-T4 has longer half-life, so usually used for treatment

46
Q

rosiglitazone is a Type II Thiazolidinedione that

A

reduces insulin resistance (muscle and fat cells)

47
Q

glipizide is a Sulfonylurease that

A

Increase release of insulin from beta cells

48
Q

Synthroid (T4) treats hypothyriodism by

A

Activation of nuclear receptors results in gene expression with RNA formation and protein synthesis

49
Q

Lispro works on diabetes by

A

Rapid-acting insulin, resembles endogenous insulin secretion, taken pre-meal

50
Q

Sitagliptin is a type II debetes drug that works by

A

DPP-4 inhibitor, slows inactivation of incretin hormones, prolongs action of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Poplypeptide

51
Q

Abciximab is an anti platelet drug that

A

Inhibits binding of fibrin to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa – no platelet cross linking

52
Q

Streptokinase is used for

A

Thrombolytic

53
Q

which anti platlet drug is:
-ADP receptor antagonists
– no platelet ADP-mediated aggregation

A
  • clopidogrel

Human Disease & Therapeutics (5 decks)

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