Intro to civilization Flashcards
what is definition of civilization
it is a complex of human society, usually made up of different cities, with certain charectristics, cultural and technological
to civilize and civilized were back to..
but fernand braudel said that civilization in its modern sense was 1st used in…
16th century
1752
ethnocentric means…
تمييز عرقي
prehistorical means…
before writing existed therefore before countries existed too(قبل وجود بلاد)
why does a civilization give an identity to the person?
bec of the common geographical locus, the common set of values, the common social institutions and the common historical memory that are rooted in one place.
what does a civilization endow?
it endows cohesion, coherence and consisenty upon its members.
pre historic art was divided into 3 ages that correspond to the stone ages which are…
paleolithic(past years of stone age), mesolithic(middle stone age) and neolithic(new stone age)
prehistoric span roughly from…
14,000 to 2000 BCE
stone age art included…
the subject of there art was mainly…
cave paintings scluptures(stone, ivory and bone and reliefs)
animals and rarely we can find some abstarct human figures.
NO architect has survived till now.
the dweilling of the stone age consisted of…
caves and rock shelters ex: stonehenge monument ( in england and in many other places we dk its function yet)
obsidine means…
حجر بركاني
what is the concept of magical hunting?
if we have control over the animals on the walls (so they draw them) then we will have control over them on the ground
what is the concept of the lord of the beasts?
it is making a deal with a mini statue or the primitive man had this thought that he would not hunt and eat more than he needs
shamanism means…
اسقاط نجمي
it is a religion that believes in talking to the dead, healing people and escorting the soul of the dead
in india/ asia how did they draw their animals?
they drew them being hunted down and they represented their pain and agony
Rendering means…
التناول الفني
murals means…
الرسم علي الجدار
narrative art means…
art that tells a story
animal drawings in india and in australia was…
in an xray format
cartographer means…
the person who creates the maps
Flora means…
Fauna means…
flora is the plantes tha cover a specific area
fauna is the animals that cover a specific area
anthropologist means…
an expert in human behaviour nad human beings in general
glaciers means…
frozen rivers
why were there artistic attempts inside of caves in the paleolithic era?
as the weather got colder people retreated from nothern europe and north america into the warmth of the caves so we find their artistic attemps documented there.
how was the great cave paintings discovered?
by accident, in france, as two boys were chasing their dog which was chasing a ball and the ball fell into a hole which later found to be lauscaux cave that is full of paintings.
what was painted in lauscaux?
bison, horses and cattle
why were the paintings thought to be forgeries?
bec they were crisp and detailed in a realistic way
what was painted in the hall of the bulls at lauscaux?
realistic images of horses, bulls and reindeer that appear to be stamping in all directions
what did the artists try to portray?
naturalism
what colours did they use for the contour of the beastes drawn after their outlines were done?
ocher and red and filled them with detailes too
what techniques did they use?
drawing with chunks of pigment with fingers and sticks, an early spray paint technique in which dried ground pigments were blown a hollowed out bone or reed, foreshortening and showing the contrast between light and shadow
what is another name for the hall of the bulls?
Rotunda
what is the material of the walls and what does it help with?
white calcite and it helps with the saturation of the colours
how many figures were there in the hall of bulls?
130 including 36 representations of animals and 50 geometric signs
describe figure one in the hall of the bulls…
an extensive frieze composed of 3 animal themes, horses, 17 individuals, cattle (11 cows and bulls) and reindeer (6 stags:male deer)
