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FORENSIC BALLISTICS > Intro to ballistics > Flashcards

Intro to ballistics Flashcards

1
Q

study of the motion of the projectiles.

A

Ballistics

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2
Q

greek word Ballo or Ballein which means

A

to throw

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3
Q

Roman war machine Ballista,

A

gigantic bow or catapult

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4
Q

systematized body of knowledge.

A

Science

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5
Q

refers to the bullet/slug/ball/pellet/flechette that passes through the barrel of FA.

A

Projectile

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6
Q

is the science of firearms identification by means of the ammunition fired through them.

A

Forensic Ballistics

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7
Q

as applied to ballistics or to any other subjects suggests a relationship to a court of justice and legal proceedings

A

Forensic

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8
Q

Derived from the Latin word Forensis which means_______that means “a public/market place, wherein people gathered for discussion of a subject in issue.

A

Forum

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9
Q

movement of projectile inside and outside barrel.

A

Motion

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10
Q

Kinds of Motion:

A
  1. Direct motion
  2. Rotary motion
  3. Translational motion
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11
Q

the forward movement of projectile with the action of expansive force of gases.

A

Direct motion

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12
Q

the turning of bullet inside and outside barrel with the action of the rifling

A

Rotary motion

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13
Q

the movement of projectile after hitting the target.

A

Translational motion

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14
Q

Interior Ballistics

A
  • Also called Internal Ballistics
  • Study of projectile while still inside the barrel
  • From Breech to the Muzzle of barrel
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15
Q

Processes included in the study of Interior Ballistics:

A
  1. Firing pin hits the primer
  2. Ignition of priming mixture
  3. Combustion of gun powder
  4. Expansion of the heated gas in the chamber
  5. Pressure will be developed (pounds per square inch)
  6. Energy generated (foot pound)
  7. Recoil of the firearm
  8. Velocity of bullet inside the barrel (feet per second)
  9. Rotating of the bullet inside the barrel.
  10. Engraving of the cylindrical surface of bullet
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16
Q

Defects in FA that cause Misfire:

A
  1. Broken firing pin
  2. Loose firing pin
  3. Lacking length in firing pin (especially homemade guns)
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17
Q

failure of cartridge to explode

A

Misfire

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18
Q

Probable defects in the contents of Primer Cup

A
  1. Wet priming mixture
  2. Anvil is not properly fixed (slanting position)
  3. No vent or flash hole (factory defect)
  4. No priming mixture (factory defect)
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19
Q

is the delay of explosion

A

Hangfire

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20
Q

Combustion of gunpowder

A

A.Primer crushed the priming mixture against the anvil
B.Ignition of priming mixture and primer flash
C.Enters the vent or canal
D.Primer flash ignites the gunpowder and combustion happens.

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21
Q

Note:

A
  1. If priming mixture is defective, no explosion.
  2. If priming mixture is live and gunpowder is defective or wet, only the priming mixture will explode. This results to slow exit of bullet in the barrel or stock-up. Backfire & Barrel Breakage may happen if there is stock-up.
  3. To propel the bullet, priming mixture and gunpowder must explode simultaneously.
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22
Q

Individual Characteristics found in the Chamber:

A

Irregularities
Scratches
Roughness
imperfection

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23
Q

created during manufacture such as spiral cutting of the grooves

A

Irregularities

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24
Q

caused by tools used in the manufacture of the chamber.

A

Scratches

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25
Q

not polished well

26
Q

caused by the drill blade and is beyond the control of a man.

A

imperfection

27
Q

The gas expands in different directions that tends the bullet and shell to separate.
The shell due to its tremendous pressure inside will also expand towards the wall of the chamber by force.
This causes Chamber markings, causing individual characteristics.

A

Expansion of the heated gas in the chamber

28
Q

When a heated gas created by the burning gunpowder is developed, a tremendous pressure is produced in the chamber of the FA.

A

Pressure will be developed

29
Q

the chamber pressure is 46,000 per square inch (psi)

A

Caliber .357

30
Q

occurs when shell is separated from the bullet, the shell will be push back to the breechface leaving such marks.

A

Breechface Marks

31
Q

refers to the fatal equivalent of a bullet.

is comparable to- “Imagine a person falls from the 9th floor of a Building. Imagine the Impact on the ground.”

32
Q

In horizontal flight of bullet, most FAs have _______ that cause the target person to be thrown on the ground or falls down.

A

knocking effect

33
Q

is the rearward movement of the gun caused by equal and opposite reaction of the gun against the forward movement of the bullet after the explosion.

34
Q

in every action, there is corresponding opposite reaction.

A

Kinetic energy principle

35
Q

gadget that is attached to the muzzle of the gun to reduce recoil.

A

Compensator/ Muzzle brake

36
Q

The speed of bullet inside the barrel depends on the ______ inside the shell.

A

amount of gunpowder

37
Q

is used to load the proper amount of gunpowder in every ammunition

A

Ballistics Data

38
Q

This happens only to_________ This has gyroscopic stability.

A

Rifled-bore Barrels.

39
Q

In _________, the bullet will just move forward with no gyroscopic stability.

A

Smooth-bore Barrel

40
Q

the stability of the bullet within the effective range due to the twist of the rifling.

A

Gyroscopic Stability

41
Q

refers to the metal strips left by bullet inside. These could be removed with the use of steel brush.

A

Metal fowl

42
Q

a lubricant substance used to prevent the adherence of Metal fowl.

43
Q

(External )- from after leaving the muzzle to before immediately hitting the target.

A

Exterior Ballistics

44
Q

noise or sound created at the muzzle

A

Muzzle blast

45
Q

the energy generated at the muzzle

A

Muzzle energy

46
Q

the actual curve path of the bullet

A

Trajectory

47
Q

Stages of trajectory:

A

a. Straight horizontal line
b. Parabola like flight
c. Vertical drop

48
Q

between muzzle and target

49
Q

Kinds of Range:

A

A.Effective / accurate range

B.Maximum range -

50
Q
  • distance at which the bullet is expected to be lethal.
A

Effective / accurate range

51
Q

maximum distance a projectile can reach.

A

Maximum range

52
Q

rate of the speed of the bullet (feet per second)

53
Q

the capacity of the bullet to resist air during its flight from the muzzle of the gun.

A

Air resistance

54
Q

the dragging of the bullet downward due to air resistance.

A

Aerodynamic drag

55
Q

the deceleration of bullet on flight due to gravity

A

Ballistic pendulum

56
Q

allows a body at rest to remain at rest or body in motion to remain in motion

57
Q

the unstable movement of bullet on flight such as wobbling (Tail wag) or tumbling of bullet before hitting target.

58
Q

caused by yawing of bullet resulting to hitting of target sideways resulting to oval-like entry of bullet.

A

Keyhole shot

59
Q

the downward movement of the bullet after reaching its maximum range.

A

Pull of gravity

60
Q

the entry of the bullet in the target.

A

Penetration

61
Q

the bouncing of a projectile after hitting a surface.

FORENSIC BALLISTICS (9 decks)

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