Chapter 2-3 Flashcards
Origin of the word “GUN”
- Gunne – an engine of war that throws rocks, arrows or missiles.
- Gunilda
- Gon
- Gun
– includes all rifles, revolvers, pistols, muskets, shotguns, carbines and all other deadly weapons from which a projectile maybe discharged.
Firearms (Legal)
– used in the propulsion of projectile by means of expansive force of gases from burning gunpowder
Firearms (Technical)
designed to be fired from the shoulder
Rifle
smoothbore FA designed to shoot single pellet.
Musket
smoothbore FA designed to shoot several pellets
Shotgun
a handgun with rotating cyclinder. Kinds are Solid Frame (S.Colt), Swing-out (US), and Breaktop (UK). As to firing mechanism, it could be single or double action.
Revolver
– a handgun that could be semi-auto or auto/full auto. Processes include: loading, cocking and firing
Pistol
(Cal 2.7mm, 5 shots) is the smallest pistol in the World, made in 1914.
Kolibri auto pistol
– now, considered the most powerful handgun in the world. It replaced Magnum .44.
Caliber .50
– a caliber .30 smooth-bore FA invented by David “Carbine” William having a barrel of not more than 22 inches.
. Carbine
– a FA that requires manually cocking the hammer before pressure upon the trigger when firing.
Single action
– a FA in which pressure upon the trigger automatically releases the hammer. This cycle is done every time the trigger is depressed.
Double action
no rifling (lands and groove) such as Shotguns, muskets and liberator
Smooth-bore FA
contain rifling inside the barrel such as pistols, revolvers and rifles.
Rifled-bore FA
– include FA with one inch or less bore diameter. Examples: Shoulder arms, Handguns & Machine Guns.
Small arms
more than one inch bore diameter. Examples: Cannons, Mortars, etc.
Artillery
– these were set even before the manufacture of FAs. These are factory specifications.
Class Characteristics
– are determined after the manufacture of FA.
Individual Characteristics
Significant Features of Class Characteristics
- Caliber or Bore Diameter – determined with a bullet, shell, or bore of the gun.
- No. of Lands and Grooves – always the same in number.
- Width of Lands and Grooves – how wide the lands and grooves. NOT always the same.
- Twist of Rifling – either RIGHT or LEFT.
- Pitch of Rifling – one complete turn of bullet inside the barrel.
- Depth of Grooves – how deep the groove or the height of every land.
Causes of Individual Characteristics
- Tools used in the manufacture of FAs are subject to wear and tear.
- The action of weather and/or oxidation
- Manner of storage
- Manner and Frequency of Use
– shoot only one shot
Single shot firearms
– loaded with more than one cartridge in the chamber
Repeating arms
breech closure is in line with the bore at all times.
Bolt action type
the breech mechanism is cycled by an external lever below the receiver
Lever action type
- a movable forearms is actuated which is parallel to the barrel.
Slide/Pump Action
– requires a separate pull of trigger for each shot fired
Semi-automatic type
– feeds cartridges, fires and ejects as long as trigger is depressed.
Automatic action type
– (Heavy Machine Gun) used by military on combat. This is seldom encountered by firearms examiner. The largest gun ever used in combat was Gustav Gun.
Machine gun type
- A light and portable machine gun
Sub-machine gun type (Light Machine Gun)
- Loads, closes, fires and deloads single cartridge
Single barreled shotgun
- Side by side barrel or over and under.
Double barreled shotgun
- The operated by means of sliding lever under the barrel.
Pump action type Shotgun/ Slide Action
- The same as auto loading rifles, the recoil action reloads the gun from the magazine
Auto-loading shotguns
- A muzzle-rifled at the last 2-3 inches of the barrel, used to spin the paradox bullet. Invented by Holland and Holland
Paradox gun (can be a rifle or shotgun)
– fire tear gas and other forms of disabling gases.
Gas guns
designed for wild animals. It could be with the use of bullet of poison charge.
Traps
These are known as Freakish Devices
Cane gun & Knife pistol
– maybe used to drive stud, punch holes, and which are also capable of accidentally firing live ammunition.
Tools
– homemade guns in various designs.
Zip guns (US) Paltik (Phils)
Have 2 or more barrels in one firearm.
It could be:
1. over and under,
2. side to side,
3. triangular,
4. square,
5. circular.
Multi-barreled guns
- made by the US Government capable of firing .45 cartridges, single shot and smoothbore.
Liberator
- used in sending signals and used in seeing enemies in the dark
Flare guns
are used in hunting large fish
Harpoon Guns
– making of hole of barrel with the use of barrel blank
Drilling
– with the drilled hole, it is being reamed from breech end to muzzle to remove imperfections, scratches and irregularities.
This operation undergoes 1) Roughing, 2) Finishing 3) Burnishing
Reaming
- the construction of rifling inside the barrel.
Tools used are: 1) Cutter 2) Scraper 3) Broach 4) Button.
Broaching
smoothening/polishing of the inner surface of the barrel.
Lapping
– the mechanical wear and tear barrel due to rust caused by gunpowder residues during firing.
Corrosion
- the mechanical wear and tear of barrel due to abrasion/friction caused by incorrect bullets.
Erosion
FIREARM LAWS
Sec 1. PD 1866 as amended
- Firearm law of the Philippines
PD 1866
– includes rim-fire handguns, cal .380 or cal .32 and other FA of similar firepower. Illegal possession/manufacture of such is penalized by correctional in its maximum period and a fine of 15,000.
Low Powered FA
– includes those with bores of bigger in diameter than cal .38 and 9mm such as .40, .41, .44, .45.
High Powered FA
– amended PD 1886 (Approved June 6, 1997)
RA 8294
Complete Title: “Codifying the laws on illegal/unlawful possession, manufacture, dealing in, acquisition or disposition of firearms, ammunition or explosives or instruments used in the manufacture of firearms, ammunition and explosives, and imposing stiffer penalties for certain violation thereof
Tanginang title yan huwag nyo na to aralin
Unlawful manufacture, deal in, acquire, dispose or possess any Low Powered firearm such as Rimfire Handgun, Cal .38, Cal .32 and other firearm of similar firepower provided no other crime was committed
4 years and 1 day to 6 years imprisonment
Unlawful manufacture… of High Powered firearm which includes those bigger in diameter by .38 and 9mm such as Cal .40, Cal .41, Cal .44, Cal .45 and also lesser caliber firearms but considered powerful, such as cal .357, and cal .22 centerfire magnum and other firing capability of full automatic provided that no other crime was committed.
6 years and 1 day to 8 years imprisonment and a fine of Php30,000
– The NEWEST law on firearms in the Philippines. This is known as the “Comprehensive Firearm Law .“
RA 10591
– is issued to private individuals for their personal firearm and to security agencies/company guard forces for firearms to be used by their security guards;
Regular license (RL)
– is issued to private individuals for their personal firearm and to security agencies/company guard forces for firearms to be used by their security guards;
Regular license (RL)
– issued to government officials and employees for privately owned firearms;
Special permit (SP)
– issued to private firms, establishment, or corporations for firearms to be used and being used by their employees, excluding security guards;
Long regular license (LRL)
– issued to private employee who was issued by his employer a firearm covered by LRL
Short regular License (SRL)
– issued to government agencies or offices and government owned and controlled corporations for firearms to be used by their officials and employees, excluding security guards; and
Long certificate of registration (LCR)
issued to government official or employee who was issued by his employer a firearm covered by LCR.
* Note: Firearm Licenses are valid for 2 years.
* Notify the PNPFED of any change on names, addresses.
* Make sure that you have the necessary transport permit for your firearm if you are moving domicile.
Short certificate of registration (SCR)
– a written authority granted to licensees or their authorized representatives to move firearms from sources to residence, firing ranges and other authorized destinations.
Transport permit (TP)
– a written authority issued by PNPFED to accredited gun club members for the purpose of transporting unloaded firearms and ammunition from residence to firing ranges and vice-versa. A maximum duration of 90 days is granted to gun club members.
Transport permits for gun club members
– a written authority for a person to possess in his residence a licensed firearm and an authorized quantity of ammunition.
License to possess firearm and ammunition
– a written authority for a person to possess in his residence a licensed firearm and an authorized quantity of ammunition.
License to possess firearm and ammunition
– a written authority issued to any person by the PNP Chief for the duration and purpose specified therein
Permit to carry firearm outside residence (PTCFOR)
- where the firearm and ammunition are being permanently kept. It includes - office or house and premises of the house enclosed by walls and gate separating said premises from adjacent properties
Residence
is not an extension of a residence.
Any vehicle
– issued for lawful hunting
Hunting permit (HP
– serves as FA license for Security Guards
Duty detail order (DDO)
– is a document that proves receipt of issued FA to PNP Personnel. This shall serve as FA License to members of PNP.
Acknowledgement Receipt (Are)
- issued to PNP personnel when intending to carry FA outside residence. This shall serve as “PTC.” This document indicates what firearm is issued to the members of a team with specific mission.
Mission order (MO) or Letter Order (LO)
Composition of Ammunition:
- Bullet
- Shell
- Gunpowder
- Primer
– is a loaded shell for any firearm such as revolver, pistol and rifles
Ammunition
– a complete unfired ammo consisting of bullet, shell, gunpowder and primer. Ammunition and cartridge can be used interchangeably.
Cartridge
– invented the 1st cartridge in 1635.
King Gustavus Adolphus (Sweden)
– He invented another cartridge in 1846
Benjamin Houllier
– A French gunsmith. He invented the 1st pin fire cartridge, and 1st pin fire gun. 6. He was born in Bonnétable and died in Paris.
Casimir Lefaucheux
– developed one of the earliest cartridges known as Flobert Cartridges, this became the forerunner of American Rim Fire Ammo.
Louis Nicolas A. Flobert (Paris, France) –
– external pin is used near the head of the cartridge.
Pin-Fire Cartridge (Obsolete)
– priming mixture is place around the rim.
Rim-Fire Cartridge
priming mixture is placed in the center of the head of cartridge.
Center-Fire Cartridge
– needs mechanical blow against the percussion cap.
Percussion
Shotgun cartridge contains multiple rounded projectiles called
Pellets/ Shots/ balls
A shotgun cartridge containing a single projectile of a shotgun ammo is called_______
Sabot Slug
Needle-like projectiles inside a shotgun cartridge are called_______
Flechette
– a plastic cap that holds the shots.
Shot Cup (Stirrup)
– comparable to shell/casing of ammunition of long/short arms. Prior to 1960, paper is used as casing for shotgun ammo
Tube (Shell/ Case/ Hull)
being bent inward to hold the shot in place.
Crimp
– the thing that is being ignited that causes the tremendous pushing of bullet.
Gunpowder
– collective term for chemical priming compound, primer cup, anvil, and battery cup that is being struck to ignite the powder.
Primer
- a disk made of paper, used to hold the powder or shot.
Wad
– consists of lead balls
Buckshot
– single slug with angled grooves cut into its side to spin it. This refers to Sabot slug.
Slug
– formed from powdered tungsten and iron, blended together and pressed into a pellet.
Tungsten-iron Shot
– This is the shelf life of a new cartridge. If components or parts used are commercially virgins. The life of an ammunition depends on the manner of storage.
20-40 years
– a cluster of sturdy steel needles with tiny fins at their base to stabilize them in flight.
Flechette shot
