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FORENSIC BALLISTICS > CHAPTER 4-5 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 4-5 Flashcards

1
Q

– refers to the tubular casing or shell of an ammunition that holds the bullet and contains the gunpowder.

A

Cartridge Case

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2
Q

Parts of Cartridge Case

A
  1. Mouth – the edge of shell’s opening.
  2. Crimp – part of mouth that is turned in upon the bullet.
  3. Shell Cannelures - are the serrated groves around the neck
  4. Neck - occupied by the bullet.
  5. Shoulder - supports the neck.
  6. Body – contains gunpowder
  7. Extracting groove - the circular groove near the base of the shell designed for the automatic withdrawal of the case after firing.
  8. Rim - limits the forward travel of cartridges into the chamber.
  9. Primer – located at central base that contains the priming mixture.
  10. Shell Head – the base portion that contains the head stamp
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3
Q

– is used secure the bullet in the shell to avoid being moved or loosened from its gripped

A

Crimp

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4
Q

– used only on jacketed ammo that consists of dimples or grooves pressed into the mouth.

A

Stab or Ring Crimp

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5
Q

– used in the cartridge with headspace on the cartridge case mouth with lead bullets.

A

Taper Crimp

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6
Q

– located at the neck that is rolled into the groove of the bullet.

A

Roll Crimp

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7
Q

– rim diameter is greater than the body (Cal .38 and Cal .22)

A

Rimmed

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8
Q

– rim diameter is SLIGHTLY greater than the body (Cal .25, Cal .32 auto, Cal .38 Super)

A

Semi-rimmed

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9
Q

– rim is equal with the body (Cal 5.56mm, Cal .30, 9mm, Cal .45)

A

Rimless

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10
Q

– rim is smaller than the body (Cal 8mm x 59)

A

Rebated

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11
Q

– a protruding metal is belted around the shell (Cal .338 magnum, 13.9 x 99)

A

Belted

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12
Q

– found on the primer (particularly on the primer cup).
Note: Glock Pistols have rectangular firing pin marks.

A

Firing Pin Marks

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13
Q

– found on the base of shell. Caused by the breechface

A

Breechface Marks

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14
Q

– found on the extracting groove

A

Extractor Marks

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15
Q

– located at the rim at the base of shell fired from automatic FAs

A

Ejector Marks

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16
Q

– found on the primer near the firing pin mark. It is just a rebound or duplication of firing pin mark.

A

Shearing Marks (Secondary Firing Pin Marks)

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17
Q

– found on the body of shell. Caused by the magazine lips during loading

A

Magazine Marks

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18
Q

– found on the body of the shell. Caused by the irregularities inside the chamber

A

Chamber Marks

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19
Q

– found on the base of rimmed type shell. Caused by Break Type Revolver during loading

A

Pivotal Marks

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20
Q

– found on the side of the rim. Caused by the contact between the shell and ejection port of the FA (Pistol)

A

Ejector Port Marks

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21
Q

– part of cartridge consisting of lead or jacketed projectile projected from FA. Bullets in the crime scene are also called Slugs.

A

Bullet

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22
Q

The word bullet came from the French word “boulette” which means “small ball.”

A

bullet

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23
Q

– are spherical projectiles used in smoothbore FAs.

A

Shot/ Pellets/ Balls

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24
Q

Note: The general term for bullets, shots/pellets/ balls is Projectile.

A
25
Q

– means a Small ball.

A

French word “boulette

26
Q

bullet is called

A

slug

27
Q

In gov’t parlance, a cartridge containing bullet is called

A

Ball Cartridge

28
Q

In small arms ammunition, bullet refers to the projectile which is

A

Cylindrical or Cylo-conoidal

29
Q

– made of lead or alloy of metals, tin and antimony

A

Lead Bullets

30
Q

– made of lead core covered with jacket of harder material, such as gilding metal, copper alloy approximately 90% and zinc 10%.

A

Jacketed Bullets

31
Q

– have soft lead core inside a jacket.

A

Ball Bullets

32
Q

– contains tungsten chrome steel and are fired at vehicles and other armored targets

A

Armor Piercing Bullets

33
Q

– contains compound at the base, usually similar to barium nitrates which set fire when bullet is projected.

A

Tracer Bullets

34
Q

– contains phosphorous or other materials that can set fire. These are used for targets such as aircrafts and/or gasoline depot.

A

Incendiary Bullets

35
Q

– contain a high charge of explosive usually limited to 20mm and above.

A

Explosive (Fragmentary Bullets)

36
Q

Parts of Bullet

A
  1. Base – receives the thrust and heat from the burning gunpowder. Sometimes Gas Check is placed to prevent melting of bullet.
  2. Bearing Surface – body of the bullet that contacts the lands and grooves in the barrel. This should fit the bore.
  3. Bullet Cannelure – serrated groove or depression around the body of bullet, usually used in bottle neck shell.
  4. Core – a mass of lead in a bullet covered with jacket. This sometimes, contains other metals for other purposes.
  5. Head height – length in the portion of the bullet from the shoulder to the tip.
  6. Heel – the edge of the base
  7. Jacket – covers the entire lead core, usually copper, brass, steel and aluminum.
  8. Meplat diameter– the diameter of the nose/ogive. 9. Ogive/ Nose – the tapered or curved part of the bullet towards the tip of a bullet.
  9. Point – the forward portion or tip of bullet.
  10. Shoulder – the end portion of the body of bullet. Bullets Designed for Handgun
37
Q

– has an exposed lead and has cavity at the tip.

A

Jacketed Hallow Point

38
Q

– with more exposed lead at the tip that expand more than a hallow point bullet.

A

Semi-jacketed Hallow Point

39
Q

– the lead core is enclosed by a light copper jacket, with cone shape and flat point.

A

Full Metal Cone (Truncated Cone)

40
Q

– a solid lead bullet with rounded ogive for downrange accuracy, hard hitting, economical, generally designed bullet for revolvers.

A

Lead Round Nose

41
Q

– a solid lead bullet, cuts clean in paper targets for precise scoring.

A

Lead Full-Wadcutter

42
Q

– solid lead bullet with semi pointed nose, with sharp shoulder for clean hole punching in paper target.

A

Lead Semi-wadcutter

43
Q

– lead core is covered with jacket except the base, results to little expansion but with deep penetration.

A

Full Metal Jacket

44
Q

– the lead core is enclosed by heavy copper jacket results to little or no expansion BUT deep penetration.

A

Full Metal Jacket Boat Tail

45
Q

– extremely accurate designed aerodynamically

A

Hallow Point Boat Tail

46
Q

exposed lead on the tip of the bullet with broader point diameter. The bullet may expand and may result to more or less 200% of the original bullet diameter.

A

Soft Point

47
Q

– having a copper sheath with full metal jacket.

A

Hardball Bullet

48
Q

– designed for armored penetration at a greater distance

A

Depleted Uranium Bullet

49
Q

– the lead core is jacketed by copper-alloy or aluminum. The jacket is designed to be disintegrated into small pieces to cause hemorrhage.

A

Silver Tip Bullet

50
Q
  • upon reaching target, splits into fragments when hitting soft tissue creating bigger wound. It may have stress lines around the bullet
A

Fragmentation Bullet

51
Q

– have sharp pointed nose, more effective than the round ball of the same weight. These have more velocity. It may travel sideways inside the target upon hitting bones/hard object. Spitz means pointed.

A

Spitzer Bullets

52
Q

– include all soft point bullets, split nose bullets, hallow point bullets and jacketed bullets with exposed lead core. These bullets are designed for expansion.

A

Dumdum Bullets

53
Q

– designed to expand upon striking the target, thus leaving a smaller entry but larger/bigger exit.

A

. Mushroom Bullet (Soft Point Bullet)

54
Q

– has open ogive/nose designed to increase the expansion upon hitting the target.

A

Hallow Point Bullet (Express Bullet

55
Q

– is plated with gilding metal to prevent rusting and to reduce frictional resistance in the bore.

A

Steel Jacketed Bullet

56
Q

– a solid copper with no lead core, no jacket and is heat treated for extra toughness. Upon hitting hard target, nose peels to four razor-edge petals. Designed by Barne in 1989 and owned by Randy Brooks.

A

X-Bullet

57
Q

– uses a special jacket and compressed shot core with plastic tip. It has a high performance ammunition that gives superior penetration to solid targets.

A

Glaser Safety Slug

58
Q

MARKS FOUND ON BULLET

A
  1. Rifling Marks – caused by the land and grooves
  2. Skid Marks – caused by the initial forward movement of bullet before the rifling get the bullet. 3. Slippage Marks – caused by worn-out, oversized and oily barrel.
  3. Shaving/Stripping Marks (Tapyas sa bala) – found on the nose or ogive of a bullet, done when the bullet and the barrel are not aligned.
  4. Miscellaneous Marks – caused by various parts or external objects other than the firing pin, rifling & magazine.

FORENSIC BALLISTICS (9 decks)

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