Intro To Audiology Flashcards

Question

Composite Waveform

Answer 1

All different pure tones (harmonics) meshed together, a complex signal.

Answer 2

Distance an object moves from it's point of rest (displacement).

Answer 3

When vibrating objects move, they place a certain amount of force on the adjacent air molecules; greater=greater the displacement The unit of measurement is dyne (d).

Answer 4

Time to complete 1 cycle

Answer 5

1 frequency Unit of measurement is Hertz, Hz.

Answer 6

- medial MOST 1/2 of honey labyrinth - 35 mm long w/ 2 3/4 turn from base to apex - entrance=the Oval Window - Modiolus - Round Window gives point of expansion for fluid movements w/in

Answer 7

40 dB Supra Thresholds need to know reference and presentation levels and their differences.

Answer 8

1. ) Schwabach 2. ) Bing 3. ) Rinne 4. ) Weber

Answer 9

Malleus Incus Stapes

Answer 10

- 35 to 38 mm long - Lateral=Osseous - Medial=Cartilaginous - drains guild form the ME

Answer 11

1. ) Utticle | 2. ) Saccule

Answer 12

1. ) horizontal/lateral 2. ) posterior/superior 3. ) posterior/anterior

Answer 13

Tells brain sound entered head

Answer 14

1. ) Inner--Radial (Type I) | 2. ) Outer--Spiral (Type II)

Answer 15

1. ) Osseous Outer Labyrinth | 2. ) Membranous Internal Labyrinth

Answer 16

- starts @ cochlea's base...ALWAYS - amp changes as moves along cochlea - position of greatest amp, along the cochlea, iaw frequency of the stimulus.

Answer 17

Process of transforming 1 form of energy to another form of energy

Answer 18

1. ) pressure ratio (25 dB) 2. ) lever action (2-3 dB) 3. ) buckling (6 dB)

Answer 19

TM Tympanic Cavity Epitypmanic Recess

Answer 20

20-20,000 Hz

Answer 21

Pinna (auricle) | EAC (External Auditory Meatus [EAM] is the opening of the EAC)

Answer 22

Diseases of the ear recognized province of Otology. May be a threat to life (and hearing becomes secondary)

Answer 23

A.) Instrumental= HA, FM Systems, Work with ACTUAL devices | B.) Behavioral= Counseling, Therapy Sessions

Answer 24

of new cases appear over a certain period of time

Answer 25

1. ) $/Insurance 2. ) Lifestyle change 3. ) Denial 4. ) Culture live in 5. ) Aesthetic (unpleasing/uncool)

Answer 26

How many cases at a certain time present in a population has of an illness/disease

Answer 27

1. ) Medical 2. ) Dispensing or rehab 3. ) Pediatric 4. ) Educatin 5. ) Industrial

Answer 28

1. ) Semicircular canals | 2. ) Vestibuli

Answer 29

1. ) vestibular system | 2. ) cochlea

Answer 30

Assess BOTH Conductive portion and Sensory/Neural portion

Answer 31

Disturbance in IE and/or neural pathway. Sound attenuation & distortion. Impairs AC & BC

Answer 32

Generated when a force is distributed over a surface area | Micro-Pascal is the unit of measurement. (E.g. TM)

Answer 33

When any mass is moved; energy expended | Erg=unit of measurement

Answer 34

Capacity to exert physical force. Expressed rate which energy is expended. Watt=unit of measurement

Answer 35

Smallest pressure the human ear can hear

Answer 36

Minimum Auditory Curve (MAC). 0s (zeroes) on the audiogram

Answer 37

Utricle bigger > saccule. The muscular is the end organ "Sense of Equilibrium" knows head is accelerating LINEARLY or not.

Answer 38

Arises from the utricle. Crista is their end organ. Provides sense of equilibrium to ANGULAR acceleration

Answer 39

Afferent= Away from the ear Efferent= Enters the ear (returns back from the brain)

Answer 40

Lowest level in dB HL @ which speech can barely be understood

Answer 41

Bi-syllabic words with = degrees of stress on each syllable. The average = compound words. I.e "baseball"

Answer 42

1. ) Speech Reception Thresholds | 2. ) Speech Detection/ Awareness Thresholds

Answer 43

presents words way higher than thresholds and looks for %s the patient is able to understand. (These words are above their threshold, so not looking for thresholds.)

Answer 44

1.) Recorded---cd (clinical) Wave files (research) 2.) Monitored Live Voice (MLV)--the VU meter is at 0

Answer 45

1. ) Speech Audiometer (school) | 2. ) Sound Booth (clinic)

Answer 46

Between ears decreases energy BC=0 b/c stimulate BOTH chocleae AC= 40 dB

Answer 47

Have not got enough masker in the Non-Testing Ear (NTE) to knock it out, so NTE still

Answer 48

Too much noise in the Non-testing ear (NTE), so X-over and effects ability to the testing ear An overshot on the plateau

Answer 49

1. ) Case History 2. ) Otoscopy 3. ) Tympanometry 4. ) Pure Tone Audiometry 5. ) SRT 6. ) Suprathreshold SRT 7. ) Loudness Growth and special AuD tests

Answer 50

Present all words, so patient knows what options are...know words beforehand.

Answer 51

ASHA recommended. Present test stimuli @ Suprathreshold level, or in written form. Take out any words the listener does NOT know before begin testing. This is done more on kiddos tan adults.

Answer 52

Lowest level patient can correctly respond to 50% of the time, in 5 dB increments (Note, the actual threshold could be between the 5 dB increments)

Answer 53

Id nature of a specific disorder in someone (e.g. Severity degree or the site of the lesion)

Answer 54

A change, an increase in threshold of audibility for 1 caused by presence of another sound. Narrow band non test ear (NTE) to see if TE or NTE is responding. It is needed whenever cross hearing is suspected. AC= ACte-IA >=BCnte BC= ABGte>10dB

Answer 55

ACnte + correction factor (average =10dB) "safety factor"

Answer 56

ACnte + the correction factor (10dB) + Occlusion effect 1k Hz=10dB 500 Hz=20dB 250 Hz=30dB

Answer 57

TM pulls toward ME space and leads to a pocket creation which leads to Ossicular chain exposure Pars flaccida effected with shorter time Longer time effects pars Tensa gets pulled in

Answer 58

Keratin-bacteria gets stuck in here | A serious infection

Answer 59

Control's sound's Intensity Increments of 5 dB Range-10dB HL to max. Output level Controlled by an attenuator dial

Answer 60

Extra skin growth on the neck

Answer 61

2 people with the SMAE genetic disorder and they show it at different degrees.

Answer 62

The ear makes sound. A bi-product of OHC motility ...sounds leaving the ear 1. ) SOAE-Spontaneous 2. ) EOAE-Evoked

Answer 63

1.) Cochlea has to generate emission. This requires SNHL (

Answer 64

A moving object most overcome an amount of Resistance to its movement. More dense=greater impedance (eg a sound booth door)

Answer 65

Force opposes motion (e.g. Friction) | Not dependent on frequency

Answer 66

Combination of (M) Mass & (S) Stiffness Dependent on frequency Higher pitch, as frequency increases =-(S) =(M)

Answer 67

An objective test some cooperation BUT NOT a behavioral test. Indirectly measure how sound is transmitted thru ME.

Answer 68

1. ) Static Acoustic Compliance 2. ) Equivalent Ear Canal Volume 3. ) Typanometric Peak Pressure 4. ) Tympanometric Width

Answer 69

Measure sound level in EC to calculate admittance w/ max + pressures (+200daPa) vol. of ear in cm3

Answer 70

Changes in air pressure in ear canal can be + or - in canal

Answer 71

Measure I. Level in ear canal. Signal measured made of probe tone & reflective wavelength as returns probe from TM. Picks up signal for Ear canal .

Answer 72

Opposition to energy transmission

Answer 73

Ease of which energy is sent

Answer 74

Plays a probe tone either 226 Hz or 1K Hz @ 85 or 90 dB SPL

Answer 75

Indirectly measuring how sound is transmitted thru ME.

Answer 76

R=related to ligaments support the ossicles. M=mass weight of ossicles and TM S=stiffness load of fluid pressure and TM stiffness & air in ME cavity.

Answer 77

Inner acted by CN VII-Facial n. Attaches to stapes via stapedius tendon. Contraction pulls this away from the oval window. Primary muscle involves in acoustic reflex

Answer 78

Inner acted CN V- Trigeminal n. Attaches to manubrium of malleus via tympani tendon contraction pulls malleus away from TM. May or may not be involved in acoustic reflex

Answer 79

1. ) Ipsilateral=measure probe and in SAME ear | 2. ) Contralateral= measure probe and in OPPOSITE ear

Answer 80

70-90dB Sl (85-100dB SPL) | If these are elevated or absent=a problem.

Answer 81

Very early mass of cells implanted in uterus After fertilization leads to cells dividing rapidly Where sperm meets egg.

Answer 82

40 weeks from last menstrual period (10 lunar months) Human Gestation Premature=fetus born BEFORE 37th week Stages: Pre-embryonic: fertilization- 3 weeks Embryonic: 4- 8 weeks---embryo protected from assaults Fetal: 9 weeks til term Ear developed during 4-9 weeks

Answer 83

Develops the epithelial lining of the Eustachian tube, ME (medial), respiration & digestive systems, liver and pancreas.

Answer 84

Opening of nasal cavity to the nasopharynx.

Answer 85

Milky substance on baby @ birth gets trapped in canal, leads to HL in UNBH screening.

Answer 86

Infection external ear canal. | "Swimmer's Ear". Dampness stuck in ear

Answer 87

Painful blister between TM layers | Develops with upper respiratory infection. Rarely results in HL, though.

Answer 88

Growth of skin from external ear then invades ME thru a retraction pocket. Bacteria gets trapped. Surgery to remove. Creates a foul smell Drainage is present CHL

Answer 89

Acute-inflammation of mucosa (me space lining) | Chronic-affects bone structure of mastoid treat with antibiotics or surgery

Answer 90

Calcified scar tissue on TM. Related to chronic PE tubes or chronic otitis media CHL

Answer 91

250-4K Hz | Not test @ 8K Hz b/c oscillator cannot vibrate that fast.

Answer 92

To evaluate sensory/neural portion of auditory system.

Answer 93

Requires an additional 10dB of Intensity.

Answer 94

Behavioral test Goal: to ID softest sound (threshold) a patient can reliably I'd @ discrete frequencies Audiometer

Answer 95

Regardless of location, BC always stimulates BOTH cochleae Mastoid process=most popular location Place other end of band on opposite temple.

Answer 96

Marked facial asymmetry | An under developed ear.

Answer 97

Cleft lip & palate & Pits and eye abnormalities

Answer 98

SRT-Speech Recognition Tests.

Answer 99

Check accuracy of SRT & PTA counseling usage, regardless of HL degree

Answer 100

Body makes natural noises Ex. Breathing, heart beat Or external--baby crying, talking

Answer 101

Probe in ear canal. Seal. Probe with 1 or 2 LS and mic' to measure. Takes 1-5 minutes/ear iaw the test and how much noise patient makes. Equipment does lot of samples before spits out #s.

Answer 102

In tact? Cone of light present? Hue? Bulging? PE Tube?

Answer 103

Adults= pull up and back Kiddos= pull down and back

Answer 104

Located internally Std. Octaves= 125-800 Hz Inter-Octaves= 750, 1500, 3000, & 6000 Hz

Answer 105

Controls type of tone presented. | 3 settings: 1.) steady. 2.). Pulsed. 3.) frequency modulated

Answer 106

Visual exam of ear canal and TM | Do exam around ear and neck 1st.

Answer 107

1. ) Video | 2. ) hand-held

Answer 108

used to monitor external input levels.

Answer 109

Answer 50% correct at the lowest level patient can hear Increase 5dB=100% response of the threshold Decrease 5dB=

Answer 110

Increase patient's awareness of stimuli & also might aide patient discrimination Tone of tinnitus

Answer 111

A.) To ID people MIGHT have a specific disorder. B.) When the disorder has negative effects Widespread in community Tests are quick, reliable and tolerable by the patient.

Answer 112

Mild to moderate bilateral symmetrical progressive SNHL. Lack of blood supply to cochlea.

Answer 113

Less average- HL due to drugs in high-frequency 1. ) aminoglycosides 2. ) diuretics 3. ) chemo drugs

Answer 114

Classic "noise notch" damage @ cochlea's basal turn. 4K Hz. 6K Hz usually loss is symmetrical

Answer 115

Herpes family. Contract via urine, can be "reactivity" @ pregnancy Occur at .3-3% live births @ any stage of the gestation period of fetus. No treatment is available. SNHL. Pre- peri- Post- natal transmission

Answer 116

``` Toxoplasmosis Other bacterial infections (syphilis) Rubella Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Herpes ```

Answer 117

Parasite, kitty litter, transmitted prenatal. Or through undercook meat HL=a neuro problem

Answer 118

STD-bacterial. Prenatal. Can lead to SNHL and vestibular dysfunction Can treat on w/ anti-biotics.

Answer 119

Greater damage 1st trimester can be @ birth or develop later on. German Measles. MMR Vaccine This was an epidemic during the 1960s

Answer 120

Lack of O2. A perinatal assault. Alters/destroys cells. From cord kinks or wrap around neck while in fetus.

Answer 121

Stay down .02 line at least 5 seconds BUT if go up = (this) b/c nerve can't fire the entire time, something's impeding it (e.g. Acoustic neuroma)

Answer 122

= nerve is SUPER healthy. Can stay at .02 for 5 seconds.

Answer 123

Develops and leads to neural tissue, retina, cochlea, olfactory tissue and glands.

Answer 124

Develops into connective tissue (cartilage & bone--ossicles), muscle, kidney, heart, spleen

Answer 125

Continuous tonal signals, occur without any stimulation. Present in/around 50% normal ears.

Answer 126

Made by ear in response to an acoustic stimulus . Divide into 2: 1.) Transient Evoked (TEOAE) 2.) Distortion Product (DPOAE)

Answer 127

Evoking Stimuli: 1.) Clicks-very brief, broad-band stimuli 2.) Tone pips (very brief pure tones) Ears response: broadband sound

Answer 128

2f1-f2= robust--several pure tones are ALL mathematically related to primaries

Answer 129

Patient picks what items was heard from set of options.

Answer 130

Central Institute Deaf: Based on phonetically balanced Word lists each have all phonetic elements of connected English in their normal proportion to 1 another. 4-50 worked lists.

Answer 131

4-50 word lists Lexicon of kindergarteners A hard test, scores are lower than other tests Phonetically balanced within a list.

Answer 132

LNT=2 50 multi-syllabic word lists MLNT=2 24 multi-syllabic word lists Word frequency and neighborhood density & neighborhood word frequency

Answer 133

``` Present sentences in background noise Noise level=65 dBA Levels of sentences varies Goal: find reception threshold for speech RTS=SNR @ 50% correct ```

Answer 134

Designed non-verbal adults w/ low literacy skills. C-Nucleus-C words presented as stimuli 4 pictured items, all rhyme (a closed set test)

Answer 135

Patient selects reasons from infinite # of possible items stored in their lexicon

Answer 136

Mix of voices put together.

Answer 137

1. ) Sensory Primitive Level 2. ) Perceptual Rep. Level 3. ) Cognitive/ Linguistic Level

Answer 138

Basic sensory in put 1st level of processing. DETECTION. ----DO YOU HEAR A SOUND?

Answer 139

Level of meaning, semantics attached to words. COMPLEX Vast majority of Suprathreshold speech testing.

Answer 140

Closed set 4 alt. Forced choice picture-pointing tasks (Not closed pictures)

Answer 141

Assess a listener's use of context. Low-predictability sentences-not enough Intel in sentences to finish High-predictability sentences-Lower # of words to fill-in-the-blank b/c have more Intel.

Answer 142

1. )CID Everyday Sentences 2. ) HINT (Hearing in Noise Test) 3. ) Quick SIN (Speech In Noise Test) 4. ) Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) Test

Answer 143

2 50 monosyllables words On each trial, the listener picks from 4 written objects (closed-set). Designed for people w/ high-frequency HL and/or people w/ low literacy skills.

Answer 144

1. ) Genetic=some alter of individual's genotype inherited | 2. ) Non-genetic=NOT directly related to individual's genotype (I.e. Ototoxic Rxs that lead to HL)

Answer 145

1. ) BOR-Branchiopoda-OtoRetina Syndrome 2. ) CHARGE Association 3. ) Treacher Collins Syndrome 4. ) Apert Syndrome 5. ) Stickler Syndrome

Answer 146

Autosomal dominant. Map chromosome 8. HL=CHL , SNHL, & Mixed Progressive and big range of severity Pre-auricular pits Bronchial cysts or fistulas Kidney abnormalities

Answer 147

``` Autosomal. Dominant or a mutation Chin falls in. Depressed cheek bones Cleft or soft palate CHL or Mixed HL Ossicles malformed. Deformed Pinna too ```

Answer 148

Autosomal dominant or mutation Mental retardation, eyes wide=ocular hypetelorism Flat fact Hands/feet webbed together=lower degree of motor skills Cognitive delays CHL

Answer 149

``` Autosomal dominant. Mid face is flat Bony enlargement of ankles, knees, joint--leads to arthritis Progressive myopia (Near-sighted) Lowe % of SNHL or Mixed HL but a wide range is present ```

Answer 150

``` Coloboma Heart defects Atresia of Choanae Retarded growth Genital Hypoplasia Ear anomalies ```

Answer 151

Defect of eye | Uni- or bi- lateral

Answer 152

Suddenly attacks. Aural fullness Vertigo 2-4 hours Nausea and vomiting Debilitating Fluctuated and progressive SNHL Roaring tinnitus Unilateral HL

Answer 153

Head trauma | Presbycusis

Answer 154