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Ear > Intro To Audiology > Flashcards

Intro To Audiology Flashcards

1
Q

Two pathways iaw function?

A
  1. Conduction

2. Sensory/Neural

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2
Q

Conductive Pathway (portion)

A

OE & ME Impaired AC and the

BC is normal-the cochlea and auditory nerve are not effected

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3
Q

Bone Conduction (BC)

A

Assesses sensory/neural pathway. Impaired AC & Impaired BC, nearly equal thresholds about the same
Disturbance situated in IE and/or the neural pathway

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4
Q

Mixed

A

OE, ME & IE and/or neural pathway. AC&BC impaired and
AC > BC b/c more go through impairments

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5
Q

Normal Schwabach

A

Tester and patient have same time hear tone= to Normal hearing and CHL

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6
Q

Diminished Schwabach

A

Tester hears longer> patient. = SNHL or Mixed HL

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7
Q

Negative Rinne

A

Patient reports louder with touching head behind ear? Next to their ear=CHL that is mild in degree or an unilateral HL.

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8
Q

Occlusion Effect (Bing Test)

A

Normal hearing or SNHL, plugs ear, loudness of sound presented by BC (tone or one’s own voice) increase primarily in low frequencies…250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1000 Hz

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9
Q

Rinne Test

A

Compares BC of patient’s sensitivity to their AC sensitivity.
Tester sets fork into vibration and puts stem on patient’s mastoid process (BC) and then on next to ear, but not touch it or AC.

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10
Q

Macula

A

“End Organ” for balance

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11
Q

The 3 Scala in membranous cochlea labyrinth

A

Scala Vestibuli
Scala Media
Scala Tympani

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12
Q

Schwabach Test

A

BC compares hearing of patient to hearing of the tester. Hits fork, fork vibrates, and puts stem on the mastoid process of the patient. The patient indicates if hear by raising of hand, then lowers hand once not hear. Tester puts on their mastoid process and notes the seconds audible to tester.

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13
Q

Stinger Principle

A

If 2 tones are SAME, EXCEPT their loudness, are introduced simultaneously to BOTH ears and ONLY the louder tone will be perceived. (Use this if you think someone is faking an audiogram.)

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14
Q

dBHL profound Hearing loss starts at is what?

A

90 dB HL

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15
Q

Prolonged Schwabach

A

Patient hears longer/ long as tester ==Normal hearing or CHL

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16
Q

Positive Rinne

A

Patient reports it is louder with fork next to ear than touching their head behind their ear=Normal hearing or SNHL

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17
Q

Weber Test Procedure

A

Tester sets fork into vibration and puts fork’s stem on midline of patient’s skull (not the mastoid process). Patient reports which ear perceived the sound

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18
Q

Positive Bing

A

Patient reports louder when EAM is CLOSED > open =Normal hearing or SNHL

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19
Q

Negative Bing

A

Patient reports loudness does not change when EAM is open and/or closed=CHL

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20
Q

Webster Test tests what?

A

Test of lateralization that has been modified for use in some modern-day audio tests. People with Normal hearing or symmetrical HL will hear a BC sound=in both ears.
Asymmetrical SNHL=hear it in better ear. Asymmetrical CHL=hear it in proper ear.

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21
Q

Reissner’s Membrane

A

Ext. across spiral lamina to the outer honey wall. Joins BM @ the Helicotrema @ apex. Divides the Scala Vestibula from the Scala Media.

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22
Q

Basilar Membrane (BM)

A

Formed at the Osseous Spiral Lamina and extends out to the outer wall of the cochlea via spiral ligament. Divides the Scala Media from the Scala Tympani. Wider and more flexible @ apex>base
Organ of corti sits here.

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23
Q

Organ of Corti

A

IHC @ 3500–1 row
OHC @ 12K-15K–3 rows
Tectorial Membrane-gel extends over IHC & OHC. Contract tips of tallest OHC row
Support Cells-holds IHC in place- Inner and OUter pillars-reticular lamina holds in place @ top
Location of sound

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24
Q

Fundamental Frequency (F0)

A

Lowest frequency (or lowest rate of vibration of an object) determined by the object’s physical properties of the vibrating object.

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25
Q

Composite Waveform

A

All different pure tones (harmonics) meshed together, a complex signal.

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26
Q

Intensity

A

Distance an object moves from it’s point of rest (displacement).

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27
Q

Force

A

When vibrating objects move, they place a certain amount of force on the adjacent air molecules; greater=greater the displacement The unit of measurement is dyne (d).

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28
Q

What is a Period?

A

Time to complete 1 cycle

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29
Q

Pure tone

A

1 frequency Unit of measurement is Hertz, Hz.

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30
Q

Cochlea

A
  • medial MOST 1/2 of honey labyrinth
  • 35 mm long w/ 2 3/4 turn from base to apex
  • entrance=the Oval Window
  • Modiolus
  • Round Window gives point of expansion for fluid movements w/in
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31
Q

dB Sensation Level

A

40 dB Supra Thresholds need to know reference and presentation levels and their differences.

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32
Q

The 4 tuning fork test are….

A
  1. ) Schwabach
  2. ) Bing
  3. ) Rinne
  4. ) Weber
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33
Q

Tympanic cavity with Osseous bones/ chain

A

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

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34
Q

Eustachian Tube

A
  • 35 to 38 mm long
  • Lateral=Osseous
  • Medial=Cartilaginous
  • drains guild form the ME
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35
Q

The Vestibula holds what?

A
  1. ) Utticle

2. ) Saccule

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36
Q

The 3 canals of semicircular canal

A
  1. ) horizontal/lateral
  2. ) posterior/superior
  3. ) posterior/anterior
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37
Q

What does the Modiolus do?

A

Tells brain sound entered head

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38
Q

The 2 types of neural Afferent fibers

A
  1. ) Inner–Radial (Type I)

2. ) Outer–Spiral (Type II)

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39
Q

2 labyrinth systems

A
  1. ) Osseous Outer Labyrinth

2. ) Membranous Internal Labyrinth

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40
Q

Traveling wave characteristics

A
  • starts @ cochlea’s base…ALWAYS
  • amp changes as moves along cochlea
  • position of greatest amp, along the cochlea, iaw frequency of the stimulus.
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41
Q

Transduction

A

Process of transforming 1 form of energy to another form of energy

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42
Q

The 3 ME overcomes impedance.

A
  1. ) pressure ratio (25 dB)
  2. ) lever action (2-3 dB)
  3. ) buckling (6 dB)
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43
Q

Parts of the ME

A

TM
Tympanic Cavity
Epitypmanic Recess

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44
Q

Range of human hearing

A

20-20,000 Hz

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45
Q

Outer Ear (OE) Parts

A

Pinna (auricle)

EAC (External Auditory Meatus [EAM] is the opening of the EAC)

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46
Q

Otology

A

Diseases of the ear recognized province of Otology. May be a threat to life (and hearing becomes secondary)

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47
Q

2 types of Rehabilitation

A

A.) Instrumental= HA, FM Systems, Work with ACTUAL devices

B.) Behavioral= Counseling, Therapy Sessions

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48
Q

Incidence

A

of new cases appear over a certain period of time

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49
Q

What are the 5 main reasons people do not wear hearing aids?

A
  1. ) $/Insurance
  2. ) Lifestyle change
  3. ) Denial
  4. ) Culture live in
  5. ) Aesthetic (unpleasing/uncool)
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50
Q

Prevalence

A

How many cases at a certain time present in a population has of an illness/disease

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51
Q

5 AuD Specialties

A
  1. ) Medical
  2. ) Dispensing or rehab
  3. ) Pediatric
  4. ) Educatin
  5. ) Industrial
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52
Q

2 parts of the Vestibular system

A
  1. ) Semicircular canals

2. ) Vestibuli

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53
Q

2 sections of the Osseous labyrinth

A
  1. ) vestibular system

2. ) cochlea

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54
Q

Air Conduction (AC)

A

Assess BOTH Conductive portion and Sensory/Neural portion

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55
Q

Sensory/Neural Pathway

A

Disturbance in IE and/or neural pathway. Sound attenuation & distortion. Impairs AC & BC

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56
Q

Pressure

A

Generated when a force is distributed over a surface area

Micro-Pascal is the unit of measurement. (E.g. TM)

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57
Q

Work

A

When any mass is moved; energy expended

Erg=unit of measurement

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58
Q

Power

A

Capacity to exert physical force. Expressed rate which energy is expended.
Watt=unit of measurement

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59
Q

20 microPascal

A

Smallest pressure the human ear can hear

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60
Q

MAC straightens out to form what?

A

Minimum Auditory Curve (MAC). 0s (zeroes) on the audiogram

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61
Q

Vestibule

A

Utricle bigger > saccule. The muscular is the end organ “Sense of Equilibrium” knows head is accelerating LINEARLY or not.

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62
Q

Semicircular Canals

A

Arises from the utricle. Crista is their end organ. Provides sense of equilibrium to ANGULAR acceleration

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63
Q

The 2 types of Neurotransmitters

A

Afferent= Away from the ear

Efferent= Enters the ear (returns back from the brain)

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64
Q

Speech Reception Threshold (SRT)

A

Lowest level in dB HL @ which speech can barely be understood

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65
Q

Spondees

A

Bi-syllabic words with = degrees of stress on each syllable. The average = compound words. I.e “baseball”

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66
Q

Two types of threshold procedures

A
  1. ) Speech Reception Thresholds

2. ) Speech Detection/ Awareness Thresholds

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67
Q

Speech Recognition Tests (SRT)

A

presents words way higher than thresholds and looks for %s the patient is able to understand. (These words are above their threshold, so not looking for thresholds.)

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68
Q

2 ways to present stimuli

A

1.) Recorded—cd (clinical)
Wave files (research)
2.) Monitored Live Voice (MLV)–the VU meter is at 0

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69
Q

The 2 required pieces of equipment of speech audiometry

A
  1. ) Speech Audiometer (school)

2. ) Sound Booth (clinic)

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70
Q

Interaural Attenuation (IA)

A

Between ears decreases energy
BC=0 b/c stimulate BOTH chocleae
AC= 40 dB

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71
Q

Undermasking

A

Have not got enough masker in the Non-Testing Ear (NTE) to knock it out, so NTE still

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72
Q

Overmasking

A

Too much noise in the Non-testing ear (NTE), so X-over and effects ability to the testing ear
An overshot on the plateau

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73
Q

Times/ages screen humans iaw ASHA

A

Infants-

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74
Q

The 7 steps of an AuD Evaluation

A
  1. ) Case History
  2. ) Otoscopy
  3. ) Tympanometry
  4. ) Pure Tone Audiometry
  5. ) SRT
  6. ) Suprathreshold SRT
  7. ) Loudness Growth and special AuD tests
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75
Q

Closed Set tests

A

Present all words, so patient knows what options are…know words beforehand.

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76
Q

SRT Familiarization

A

ASHA recommended. Present test stimuli @ Suprathreshold level, or in written form. Take out any words the listener does NOT know before begin testing. This is done more on kiddos tan adults.

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77
Q

Pure Tone Audiometry

A

Lowest level patient can correctly respond to 50% of the time, in 5 dB increments
(Note, the actual threshold could be between the 5 dB increments)

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78
Q

Evaluation

A

Id nature of a specific disorder in someone (e.g. Severity degree or the site of the lesion)

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79
Q

Masking and when is it needed?

A

A change, an increase in threshold of audibility for 1 caused by presence of another sound. Narrow band non test ear (NTE) to see if TE or NTE is responding. It is needed whenever cross hearing is suspected. AC= ACte-IA >=BCnte
BC= ABGte>10dB

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80
Q

Initial Masking Level AC

A

ACnte + correction factor (average =10dB) “safety factor”

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81
Q

Initial Masking Level BC

A

ACnte + the correction factor (10dB) + Occlusion effect
1k Hz=10dB
500 Hz=20dB
250 Hz=30dB

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82
Q

Retraction Pocket

A

TM pulls toward ME space and leads to a pocket creation which leads to Ossicular chain exposure
Pars flaccida effected with shorter time
Longer time effects pars Tensa gets pulled in

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83
Q

Cholesteatoma

A

Keratin-bacteria gets stuck in here

A serious infection

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84
Q

Attenuator

A

Control’s sound’s Intensity
Increments of 5 dB
Range-10dB HL to max. Output level
Controlled by an attenuator dial

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85
Q

Cervical Fistula

A

Extra skin growth on the neck

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86
Q

Variable Expressivity

A

2 people with the SMAE genetic disorder and they show it at different degrees.

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87
Q

What is OAE and where are the 2 types of OAE-OtoAcoustic Emissions

A

The ear makes sound. A bi-product of OHC motility …sounds leaving the ear

  1. ) SOAE-Spontaneous
  2. ) EOAE-Evoked
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88
Q

Interpreting OAEs-OtoAcoustic Emissions

A

1.) Cochlea has to generate emission. This requires SNHL (

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89
Q

Impedance

A

A moving object most overcome an amount of Resistance to its movement. More dense=greater impedance (eg a sound booth door)

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90
Q

Resistance

A

Force opposes motion (e.g. Friction)

Not dependent on frequency

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91
Q

Reactance

A

Combination of (M) Mass & (S) Stiffness
Dependent on frequency
Higher pitch, as frequency increases =-(S) =(M)

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92
Q

Tympanometry

A

An objective test some cooperation BUT NOT a behavioral test. Indirectly measure how sound is transmitted thru ME.

93
Q

4 Tympanometry measurements

A
  1. ) Static Acoustic Compliance
  2. ) Equivalent Ear Canal Volume
  3. ) Typanometric Peak Pressure
  4. ) Tympanometric Width
94
Q

Equivalent Ear Canal Volume

A

Measure sound level in EC to calculate admittance w/ max + pressures (+200daPa) vol. of ear in cm3

95
Q

Air Pump

A

Changes in air pressure in ear canal can be + or - in canal

96
Q

Microphone on Tympanometer

A

Measure I. Level in ear canal. Signal measured made of probe tone & reflective wavelength as returns probe from TM. Picks up signal for Ear canal .

97
Q

Impedance on ME

A

Opposition to energy transmission

98
Q

Admittance of ME

A

Ease of which energy is sent

99
Q

LS in Tympanometer

A

Plays a probe tone either 226 Hz or 1K Hz @ 85 or 90 dB SPL

100
Q

Tympanometry

A

Indirectly measuring how sound is transmitted thru ME.

101
Q

(R) Resistance
(M) Mass
(S) Stiffness

A

R=related to ligaments support the ossicles.
M=mass weight of ossicles and TM
S=stiffness load of fluid pressure and TM stiffness & air in ME cavity.

102
Q

Stapedius

A

Inner acted by CN VII-Facial n.
Attaches to stapes via stapedius tendon. Contraction pulls this away from the oval window.
Primary muscle involves in acoustic reflex

103
Q

Tensor Tympani

A

Inner acted CN V- Trigeminal n. Attaches to manubrium of malleus via tympani tendon contraction pulls malleus away from TM.
May or may not be involved in acoustic reflex

104
Q

Acoustic Reflex 2 measures

A
  1. ) Ipsilateral=measure probe and in SAME ear

2. ) Contralateral= measure probe and in OPPOSITE ear

105
Q

Normal acoustic reflex thresholds

A

70-90dB Sl (85-100dB SPL)

If these are elevated or absent=a problem.

106
Q

Blastocyst

A

Very early mass of cells implanted in uterus
After fertilization leads to cells dividing rapidly
Where sperm meets egg.

107
Q

Embryologic Development

A

40 weeks from last menstrual period (10 lunar months)
Human Gestation Premature=fetus born BEFORE 37th week
Stages:
Pre-embryonic: fertilization- 3 weeks
Embryonic: 4- 8 weeks—embryo protected from assaults
Fetal: 9 weeks til term
Ear developed during 4-9 weeks

108
Q

Endoderm

A

Develops the epithelial lining of the Eustachian tube, ME (medial), respiration & digestive systems, liver and pancreas.

109
Q

Atresia of choanae

A

Opening of nasal cavity to the nasopharynx.

110
Q

Vernix Caseosa

A

Milky substance on baby @ birth gets trapped in canal, leads to HL in UNBH screening.

111
Q

Otitis Externa

A

Infection external ear canal.

“Swimmer’s Ear”. Dampness stuck in ear

112
Q

Bullous Myringitis

A

Painful blister between TM layers

Develops with upper respiratory infection. Rarely results in HL, though.

113
Q

Cholesteatoma.

A

Growth of skin from external ear then invades ME thru a retraction pocket. Bacteria gets trapped. Surgery to remove. Creates a foul smell
Drainage is present
CHL

114
Q

Mastoiditis

A

Acute-inflammation of mucosa (me space lining)

Chronic-affects bone structure of mastoid treat with antibiotics or surgery

115
Q

Tympanosclerosis

A

Calcified scar tissue on TM. Related to chronic PE tubes or chronic otitis media
CHL

116
Q

Restricted frequency range BC

A

250-4K Hz

Not test @ 8K Hz b/c oscillator cannot vibrate that fast.

117
Q

Vibrotractile Response.

A
118
Q

Bone Conduction

A

To evaluate sensory/neural portion of auditory system.

119
Q

What is the disadvantage of forehead BC placement?

A

Requires an additional 10dB of Intensity.

120
Q

Pure Tone Audiometry Goal & Equipment

A

Behavioral test
Goal: to ID softest sound (threshold) a patient can reliably I’d @ discrete frequencies

Audiometer

121
Q

Bone Vibrator

A

Regardless of location, BC always stimulates BOTH cochleae
Mastoid process=most popular location

Place other end of band on opposite temple.

122
Q

Microtia

A

Marked facial asymmetry

An under developed ear.

123
Q

Anotia

A

Cleft lip & palate & Pits and eye abnormalities

124
Q

Which test is like pure tone?

A

SRT-Speech Recognition Tests.

125
Q

Cross-check Principle

A

Check accuracy of SRT & PTA counseling usage, regardless of HL degree

126
Q

Noise Floor

A

Body makes natural noises
Ex. Breathing, heart beat
Or external–baby crying, talking

127
Q

Measuring OAE -OtoAcoustic Emission

A

Probe in ear canal. Seal. Probe with 1 or 2 LS and mic’ to measure. Takes 1-5 minutes/ear iaw the test and how much noise patient makes. Equipment does lot of samples before spits out #s.

128
Q

What to look for during an Otoscopy?

A

In tact? Cone of light present? Hue? Bulging? PE Tube?

129
Q

How pull Pinna for an Otoscopy in adults and kiddos.

A

Adults= pull up and back

Kiddos= pull down and back

130
Q

Pure Tone Generator (Oscillator)

A

Located internally
Std. Octaves= 125-800 Hz
Inter-Octaves= 750, 1500, 3000, & 6000 Hz

131
Q

Tone Select Switches

A

Controls type of tone presented.

3 settings: 1.) steady. 2.). Pulsed. 3.) frequency modulated

132
Q

Otoscopy

A

Visual exam of ear canal and TM

Do exam around ear and neck 1st.

133
Q

2 types of otoscopes

A
  1. ) Video

2. ) hand-held

134
Q

VU-Volume Unit

A

used to monitor external input levels.

135
Q

Thresholds

A

Answer 50% correct at the lowest level patient can hear
Increase 5dB=100% response of the threshold
Decrease 5dB=

136
Q

Pulsed

A

Increase patient’s awareness of stimuli & also might aide patient discrimination
Tone of tinnitus

137
Q

A.) What is Screening and

B.) When is it warranted?

A

A.) To ID people MIGHT have a specific disorder.
B.) When the disorder has negative effects
Widespread in community
Tests are quick, reliable and tolerable by the patient.

138
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Mild to moderate bilateral symmetrical progressive SNHL. Lack of blood supply to cochlea.

139
Q

Ototoxicity

A

Less average- HL due to drugs in high-frequency

  1. ) aminoglycosides
  2. ) diuretics
  3. ) chemo drugs
140
Q

NIHL-Noise Induced Hearing Loss

A

Classic “noise notch” damage @ cochlea’s basal turn. 4K Hz. 6K Hz usually loss is symmetrical

141
Q

CMV-Cytomegalovirus

A

Herpes family. Contract via urine, can be “reactivity” @ pregnancy Occur at .3-3% live births
@ any stage of the gestation period of fetus. No treatment is available. SNHL.
Pre- peri- Post- natal transmission

142
Q

What does T.O.R.C.H.?

A 
Toxoplasmosis
Other bacterial infections (syphilis)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes
143
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Parasite, kitty litter, transmitted prenatal. Or through undercook meat

HL=a neuro problem

144
Q

Syphilis

A

STD-bacterial.
Prenatal. Can lead to SNHL and vestibular dysfunction
Can treat on w/ anti-biotics.

145
Q

Rubella

A

Greater damage 1st trimester can be @ birth or develop later on. German Measles. MMR Vaccine
This was an epidemic during the 1960s

146
Q

Anoxia (or Hypoxia)

A

Lack of O2. A perinatal assault. Alters/destroys cells. From cord kinks or wrap around neck while in fetus.

147
Q

+ Decay

A

Stay down .02 line at least 5 seconds BUT if go up = (this) b/c nerve can’t fire the entire time, something’s impeding it
(e.g. Acoustic neuroma)

148
Q
  • Decay
A

= nerve is SUPER healthy. Can stay at .02 for 5 seconds.

149
Q

Ectoderm

A

Develops and leads to neural tissue, retina, cochlea, olfactory tissue and glands.

150
Q

Mesoderm

A

Develops into connective tissue (cartilage & bone–ossicles), muscle, kidney, heart, spleen

151
Q

SOAE=Spontaneous OtoAcoustic Emissions

A

Continuous tonal signals, occur without any stimulation. Present in/around 50% normal ears.

152
Q

EOAE-Evoked TotAcoustic Emissions

A

Made by ear in response to an acoustic stimulus .
Divide into 2:
1.) Transient Evoked (TEOAE)
2.) Distortion Product (DPOAE)

153
Q

TEOAE=Transient Evoked OtoAcoustic Emissions

A

Evoking Stimuli:
1.) Clicks-very brief, broad-band stimuli
2.) Tone pips (very brief pure tones)
Ears response: broadband sound

154
Q

DPOAE-Distortion Product OtoAcoustic Emissions

A

2f1-f2= robust–several pure tones are ALL mathematically related to primaries

155
Q

Closed Set Testing

A

Patient picks what items was heard from set of options.

156
Q

CID W-22

A

Central Institute Deaf:
Based on phonetically balanced
Word lists each have all phonetic elements of connected English in their normal proportion to 1 another. 4-50 worked lists.

157
Q

PB-K

A

4-50 word lists
Lexicon of kindergarteners
A hard test, scores are lower than other tests
Phonetically balanced within a list.

158
Q

LNT/MLNT

A

LNT=2 50 multi-syllabic word lists
MLNT=2 24 multi-syllabic word lists
Word frequency and neighborhood density & neighborhood word frequency

159
Q

HINT-Hearing In Noise Test

A 
Present sentences in background noise
Noise level=65 dBA
Levels of sentences varies 
Goal: find reception threshold for speech 
RTS=SNR @ 50% correct
160
Q

Quick in Speech Noise Test

A

Designed non-verbal adults w/ low literacy skills.
C-Nucleus-C words presented as stimuli
4 pictured items, all rhyme (a closed set test)

161
Q

Open Set Testing

A

Patient selects reasons from infinite # of possible items stored in their lexicon

162
Q

Multi-talker babble

A

Mix of voices put together.

163
Q

3 Auditory Perceptual Development

A
  1. ) Sensory Primitive Level
  2. ) Perceptual Rep. Level
  3. ) Cognitive/ Linguistic Level
164
Q

Perceptual Representation

A

Basic sensory in put
1st level of processing.
DETECTION. —-DO YOU HEAR A SOUND?

165
Q

Congnitive/Linguistic Level

A

Level of meaning, semantics attached to words.
COMPLEX
Vast majority of Suprathreshold speech testing.

166
Q

NU-CHIPS

A

Closed set
4 alt. Forced choice picture-pointing tasks
(Not closed pictures)

167
Q

Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) Test

A

Assess a listener’s use of context.
Low-predictability sentences-not enough Intel in sentences to finish
High-predictability sentences-Lower # of words to fill-in-the-blank b/c have more Intel.

168
Q

4 type of sentences

A
  1. )CID Everyday Sentences
  2. ) HINT (Hearing in Noise Test)
  3. ) Quick SIN (Speech In Noise Test)
  4. ) Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) Test
169
Q

California Consonant Test

A

2 50 monosyllables words
On each trial, the listener picks from 4 written objects (closed-set). Designed for people w/ high-frequency HL and/or people w/ low literacy skills.

170
Q

2 ways to get a disorder

A
  1. ) Genetic=some alter of individual’s genotype inherited

2. ) Non-genetic=NOT directly related to individual’s genotype (I.e. Ototoxic Rxs that lead to HL)

171
Q

5 types of Genetic disorders

A
  1. ) BOR-Branchiopoda-OtoRetina Syndrome
  2. ) CHARGE Association
  3. ) Treacher Collins Syndrome
  4. ) Apert Syndrome
  5. ) Stickler Syndrome
172
Q

BOR-Branhio-OtoRenal Syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant. Map chromosome 8. HL=CHL , SNHL, & Mixed
Progressive and big range of severity
Pre-auricular pits Bronchial cysts or fistulas
Kidney abnormalities

173
Q

Treacher Collins Syndrome

A 
Autosomal.  Dominant or a mutation
Chin falls in.    Depressed cheek bones
Cleft or soft palate
CHL or Mixed HL
Ossicles malformed.   Deformed Pinna too
174
Q

Apert Syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant or mutation
Mental retardation, eyes wide=ocular hypetelorism
Flat fact Hands/feet webbed together=lower degree of motor skills
Cognitive delays
CHL

175
Q

Stickler Syndrome

A 
Autosomal dominant.   Mid face is flat
Bony enlargement of ankles, knees, joint--leads to arthritis 
Progressive myopia (Near-sighted)
Lowe % of SNHL or Mixed HL but a wide range is present
176
Q

CHARGE Association stands for what?

A 
Coloboma 
Heart defects 
Atresia of Choanae
Retarded growth
Genital Hypoplasia
Ear anomalies
177
Q

Coloboma

A

Defect of eye

Uni- or bi- lateral

178
Q

Meniere’s Disease

A

Suddenly attacks. Aural fullness
Vertigo 2-4 hours Nausea and vomiting
Debilitating Fluctuated and progressive SNHL
Roaring tinnitus
Unilateral HL

179
Q

2 types of POST-natal HL

A

Head trauma

Presbycusis

180
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Mild to moderate bilateral symmetrical progressive SNHL. Lack of blood supply to cochlea.

181
Q

Ototoxicity

A

Less average- HL due to drugs in high-frequency

  1. ) aminoglycosides
  2. ) diuretics
  3. ) chemo drugs
182
Q

NIHL-Noise Induced Hearing Loss

A

Classic “noise notch” damage @ cochlea’s basal turn. 4K Hz. 6K Hz usually loss is symmetrical

183
Q

CMV-Cytomegalovirus

A

Herpes family. Contract via urine, can be “reactivity” @ pregnancy Occur at .3-3% live births
@ any stage of the gestation period of fetus. No treatment is available. SNHL.
Pre- peri- Post- natal transmission

184
Q

What does T.O.R.C.H.?

A 
Toxoplasmosis
Other bacterial infections (syphilis)
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Herpes
185
Q

Toxoplasmosis

A

Parasite, kitty litter, transmitted prenatal. Or through undercook meat

HL=a neuro problem

186
Q

Syphilis

A

STD-bacterial.
Prenatal. Can lead to SNHL and vestibular dysfunction
Can treat on w/ anti-biotics.

187
Q

Rubella

A

Greater damage 1st trimester can be @ birth or develop later on. German Measles. MMR Vaccine
This was an epidemic during the 1960s

188
Q

Anoxia (or Hypoxia)

A

Lack of O2. A perinatal assault. Alters/destroys cells. From cord kinks or wrap around neck while in fetus.

189
Q

+ Decay

A

Stay down .02 line at least 5 seconds BUT if go up = (this) b/c nerve can’t fire the entire time, something’s impeding it
(e.g. Acoustic neuroma)

190
Q
  • Decay
A

= nerve is SUPER healthy. Can stay at .02 for 5 seconds.

191
Q

Ectoderm

A

Develops and leads to neural tissue, retina, cochlea, olfactory tissue and glands.

192
Q

Mesoderm

A

Develops into connective tissue (cartilage & bone–ossicles), muscle, kidney, heart, spleen

193
Q

SOAE=Spontaneous OtoAcoustic Emissions

A

Continuous tonal signals, occur without any stimulation. Present in/around 50% normal ears.

194
Q

EOAE-Evoked TotAcoustic Emissions

A

Made by ear in response to an acoustic stimulus .
Divide into 2:
1.) Transient Evoked (TEOAE)
2.) Distortion Product (DPOAE)

195
Q

TEOAE=Transient Evoked OtoAcoustic Emissions

A

Evoking Stimuli:
1.) Clicks-very brief, broad-band stimuli
2.) Tone pips (very brief pure tones)
Ears response: broadband sound

196
Q

DPOAE-Distortion Product OtoAcoustic Emissions

A

2f1-f2= robust–several pure tones are ALL mathematically related to primaries

197
Q

Closed Set Testing

A

Patient picks what items was heard from set of options.

198
Q

CID W-22

A

Central Institute Deaf:
Based on phonetically balanced
Word lists each have all phonetic elements of connected English in their normal proportion to 1 another. 4-50 worked lists.

199
Q

PB-K

A

4-50 word lists
Lexicon of kindergarteners
A hard test, scores are lower than other tests
Phonetically balanced within a list.

200
Q

LNT/MLNT

A

LNT=2 50 multi-syllabic word lists
MLNT=2 24 multi-syllabic word lists
Word frequency and neighborhood density & neighborhood word frequency

201
Q

HINT-Hearing In Noise Test

A 
Present sentences in background noise
Noise level=65 dBA
Levels of sentences varies 
Goal: find reception threshold for speech 
RTS=SNR @ 50% correct
202
Q

Quick in Speech Noise Test

A

Designed non-verbal adults w/ low literacy skills.
C-Nucleus-C words presented as stimuli
4 pictured items, all rhyme (a closed set test)

203
Q

Open Set Testing

A

Patient selects reasons from infinite # of possible items stored in their lexicon

204
Q

Multi-talker babble

A

Mix of voices put together.

205
Q

3 Auditory Perceptual Development

A
  1. ) Sensory Primitive Level
  2. ) Perceptual Rep. Level
  3. ) Cognitive/ Linguistic Level
206
Q

Perceptual Representation

A

Basic sensory in put
1st level of processing.
DETECTION. —-DO YOU HEAR A SOUND?

207
Q

Congnitive/Linguistic Level

A

Level of meaning, semantics attached to words.
COMPLEX
Vast majority of Suprathreshold speech testing.

208
Q

NU-CHIPS

A

Closed set
4 alt. Forced choice picture-pointing tasks
(Not closed pictures)

209
Q

Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) Test

A

Assess a listener’s use of context.
Low-predictability sentences-not enough Intel in sentences to finish
High-predictability sentences-Lower # of words to fill-in-the-blank b/c have more Intel.

210
Q

4 type of sentences

A
  1. )CID Everyday Sentences
  2. ) HINT (Hearing in Noise Test)
  3. ) Quick SIN (Speech In Noise Test)
  4. ) Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) Test
211
Q

California Consonant Test

A

2 50 monosyllables words
On each trial, the listener picks from 4 written objects (closed-set). Designed for people w/ high-frequency HL and/or people w/ low literacy skills.

212
Q

2 ways to get a disorder

A
  1. ) Genetic=some alter of individual’s genotype inherited

2. ) Non-genetic=NOT directly related to individual’s genotype (I.e. Ototoxic Rxs that lead to HL)

213
Q

5 types of Genetic disorders

A
  1. ) BOR-Branchiopoda-OtoRetina Syndrome
  2. ) CHARGE Association
  3. ) Treacher Collins Syndrome
  4. ) Apert Syndrome
  5. ) Stickler Syndrome
214
Q

BOR-Branhio-OtoRenal Syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant. Map chromosome 8. HL=CHL , SNHL, & Mixed
Progressive and big range of severity
Pre-auricular pits Bronchial cysts or fistulas
Kidney abnormalities

215
Q

Treacher Collins Syndrome

A 
Autosomal.  Dominant or a mutation
Chin falls in.    Depressed cheek bones
Cleft or soft palate
CHL or Mixed HL
Ossicles malformed.   Deformed Pinna too
216
Q

Apert Syndrome

A

Autosomal dominant or mutation
Mental retardation, eyes wide=ocular hypetelorism
Flat fact Hands/feet webbed together=lower degree of motor skills
Cognitive delays
CHL

217
Q

Stickler Syndrome

A 
Autosomal dominant.   Mid face is flat
Bony enlargement of ankles, knees, joint--leads to arthritis 
Progressive myopia (Near-sighted)
Lowe % of SNHL or Mixed HL but a wide range is present
218
Q

CHARGE Association stands for what?

A 
Coloboma 
Heart defects 
Atresia of Choanae
Retarded growth
Genital Hypoplasia
Ear anomalies
219
Q

Coloboma

A

Defect of eye

Uni- or bi- lateral

220
Q

Meniere’s Disease

A

Suddenly attacks. Aural fullness
Vertigo 2-4 hours Nausea and vomiting
Debilitating Fluctuated and progressive SNHL
Roaring tinnitus
Unilateral HL

221
Q

2 types of POST-natal HL

A

Head trauma

Presbycusis

222
Q

ME vs Cochlea

A

ME = linear

Cochlea = nonlinear

223
Q

What is the food source for the cochlea?

A

The Stria Vascularis

224
Q

ABR vs OAE

A

ABR = brain’s response to sound

OAE = emissions generated by sound

225
Q

Cochlear Microphonic

A

A pre-neural electrical potential arise from the cochlea mimics stimulus traveling wave. When present, the OHC are intact and OAEs are present

226
Q

Audiometer

A

Electronic instrument presents calibration transducers deliver auditory signal to the patient

227
Q

Real ear coupler device (RECD)

A

Is used to convert dB HL –> dB SPL

228
Q

What is an OAE - Otoacoustic Emission?

A

Sounds produced by the cochlea that can be recorded in the ear canal. Represents health OHCs.

Ear (4 decks)

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