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Ear > Audiology > Flashcards

Audiology Flashcards

1
Q

What OAEs are true reflection emissions?

A

Spontaneous - SOAEs

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2
Q

Stimulus of self is cause of reverse propagation. 2 stimuli result In Distortion and create additional tones in originals

A

Distortion emissions

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3
Q

Inner Hair Cells

A

Primary sensory receptor linear = saturated at 90-100 dB SPL. Activated at 30-40 dB SPL. Afferent

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4
Q

Non-linear vs Linear

A

Non = low Intensity = 10 dB in –>20 dB out.

High intensity = 1:1

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5
Q

Outer Hair Cell Function

A

Amplifies sounds under threshold of the IHCs activation. Non-linear.

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6
Q

The 3 Evoked Stimuli

A
  1. Transient
  2. Distortion product
  3. Stimulus frequency
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7
Q

Flat audiogram

A

Little to no change in thresholds across frequency ranges

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8
Q

What is CHARGE?

A 
C = Colomba - iris malformation 
H = Heart deficits
A = Atresia of choanae 
R = Retarded development 
G =
E = Ear anomalies
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9
Q

Central hearing loss

A

No association loss of any degree, decreased speech perception, poor reading skills, problems with localization and lateralization

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10
Q

Glomus Tumor

A

Ear feels full, hear heart beat, and pulsating tinnitus

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11
Q

Afferent vs Efferent

A

Afferent: PNS –> CNS

Efferent: Exit CNS –> PNS

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12
Q

The most efficient type of noise for masking in word recognition testing is what?

A

Broadband Noise - BBN

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13
Q

Patient with normal hearing to 1k Hz with a blatant moderate-sloping loss in the remaining frequencies…what is true about this patient?

A

Poorer than normal word recognition score, especially when tested in noise.

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14
Q

What does an ABR identify?

A

Any retro-cochlear pathologies I.e. Acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma

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15
Q

Real Ear to Dial Difference (REDD)

A

Need to find patient’s thresholds at each frequency.
SPL in patient’s ear - audiometer dial setting which made the sound.
Most direct way to convert SPL –> HL.
Takes too long, RECD is quicker
E.g. Id what 50 dB audiometer actually sounds like in patient’s ear

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16
Q

Real Ear Coupler Difference (RECD)

A

Uses average, white male ear canal size as reference
SPL in ear - SPL in coupler for given input
Allows convert dB HL –> dB SPL
An essential measurement for HA accuracy and comfort

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17
Q

Real Ear Aided Response at 90 dB ( REAR90). Or any level indicated as the ## after REAR

A

MPO Maximum Power Output
Response of HA in the ear canal to any signal level, loud enough to make HA operate at its maximum level
Indicates how loud HA is able to get I to patient’s ear
Speech mapping has already done this and REAR90 is a component of speech mapping

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18
Q

What is RECD measure?

A

SPL in canal measure by probe microphone

Target in HA based on SPL thresholds of the patient

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19
Q

SPL is what?

A

IAW Patient’s ear canal shape and size.
I.e. 50 dB HL could be measured at 51 bB SPL in
1st patient and 60 dB SPL in 2nd patient.
Sounds builds up quicker in smaller ears

20
Q

Bands

A

Tells how far HA can apology put to each frequency

21
Q

Analog HA

A

Takes traveling wave –> amplifies –> the analog outputs. No feedback management or noise reduction.
They are adjusted by their trim pots. Trim pots is a specific setting. Adjust trim pots by its maximum output, lower frequency cut, or the overall gain.

22
Q

Why do we do RECD- Real Ear Coupler Difference?

A

Convert dB HL –> dB SPL. Want HA performing at dB SPL

23
Q

Minimum Audibility Curve - (MAC)

A

Reference relative to how humans hear. Creates 0 dBHL
A Flat audiogram
Creates the averages
Sensitive at 3000 Hz to 5000 Hz, the speech frequencies

24
Q

Channels

A

No optimum # of channels. Group of bands (frequencies). Each channel processed independently.

25
Q

Digital HA

A

Analog traveling wave converts to a sample that turns binary code into process of smooth, noise reduction lowered, and goes back into speaker as analog

26
Q

Bands and Channels

A

4 channels = lot of bands in each channel

20 channels = few # of bands in each channel

27
Q

What is null of a HA?

A

Points of no sensitivity, microphone on HA not pick up anything in that direction/area

28
Q

Why do RECD - Real Ear Coupler Difference?

A

To convert dB HL –> dB SPL. The end product is SPL because that is what want HAs to be performing at. Use these SPLs for HA targets.

29
Q

Real Ear Saturation Response (RESR)

A

SPL (frequency) at a certain measurement point in ear canal, for a sound field sufficient to operate the hearing instrument at its maximum output level, with the HA in place and turned on, with the gain adjusted to full on or just below feedback.

30
Q

Dichotic listening

A

Different stimuli in each ear

31
Q

Staggered Spondaic Word Test (SSW)

A

2 overlap spondees…alternate patterns
AD - Noncompeting AD - Competing.
AS - Competing. AS - Noncompeting

32
Q

Reference Microphone

A

Measures ambient sound pressure that is close to the microphone of the hearing instrument

33
Q

Real Ear Unaided Gain (REUG)

A

Difference in dB , between SPL , as a function of frequency at a specified measurement of canal and the SPL at the field reference point, for a specified sound field with ear canal unoccluded

34
Q

Real Ear Occluded Gain (REOG)

A

Frequencies between SPL at a measurement point in ear canal and the SPL at the field reference point, for a specified sound field with the HA (& it’s acoustic coupling) in place and turned on

35
Q

Real Ear Insertion Gain (REIG)

A

Difference in dB (frequency) between the REAG & REUG, obtained with the same measurement point and the same sound field conditions. Previously called Real Ear Insertion Response

36
Q

Real Ear Aided Response (REAR)

A

SPL as a frequency at a specified measurement point in the ear canal for a specified sound field with the HA in place and turned on

37
Q

Real Ear unaided Response (REUR)

A

SPL as a function of frequency at a specified measurement pint in the ear canal for a specified field with the ear canal unoccluded

38
Q

Real Ear Occluded Response (REOR)

A

SPL as a function of frequency at a specified measurement point in the ear canal for a specified sound field with the HA in place and turned off.

39
Q

Probe Microphone

A

Measuring sound pressure at the Tympanic Membrane (TM)

40
Q

Desired Sensation Level (DSL) and 4 stages.

A

Method (a software version) used to fit hearing instruments by ensuring amplifying speech is audible and comfortable. This is based on SPL at eardrum and shown in form of a SPLogram.
Mainly used for Pediatrics.
4 stages: 1. Expansion. 2. Linear. 3. Limiting. 4. Wide Dynamic Range Compression (WDRC)

41
Q

AABR threshold values of correction

A

500 Hz - 20 dB
1000 Hz - 15 dB
2000 Hz - 10 dB
4000 Hz - 5 dB

42
Q

Musician plugs are designed for what?

A

Attenuate all frequencies, to make a flat attenuation curve

43
Q

What do acoustic dampers do?

A

Provide controls over peaks in response curves.

44
Q

What most to a wearer’s comfort?

A

Venting

45
Q

Factors to consider when picking EM material ?

A
  1. Cosmetic/aesthetic appearance
  2. Allergies
  3. Pinna texture (hard vs soft)
  4. Power range of HAs
  5. Degree and type of hearing loss
46
Q

Excessive mandibular movement cause what?

A

Open jaw impressions

Ear (4 decks)

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