Intro to Antimicrobial Flashcards
Antibiotic
Molecular subtance produced by a microoganism to kill other organisms
Antimicrobial
Any substance natural or synthetic to kill microogranisms
Are all antibiotics antimoicrobials?
Yes
but the reverse is not true
Bacterostatic
Manages to keep the bacteria stationatry, wont reporduce
Bacterocidal
kills the bacteria
The disc diffusion test determines what?
The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
The Broth Dilution test determines what?
minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC)
minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC/ kill rate)
What phase is the most sensitive to antimicrobial intervention?
The Log Phase
What is Empiric antimicrobial treatment?
Treatment based off of symptoms
what is definitive antimicrobial treatment?
When a test ha been preformed so that the proper drug is admistered
Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug
Pharmacodynamics
What the drug does to the body
what are the 3 types of antimicrobial effects
Type I / concentration
Type II / Time
Type III / Time… w/ effects
What makes a “safer” antibiotic?
the higher/wider the therapeutic index
What are the 4 main targets for antimicrobial inhibition?
Cell wall synthesis
Protein Synthesis
Inhibition of metabolism
Nucleic acid synthesis
Why would you use combination therapy? (4)
Treat mixed infections
Not sure what it is
Improve efficacy
Prevent resistance
How do superinfections occur?
You kill off good bacteria and bad bacteria go on a growin frenzy
What are the 3 reasons why bacteria mutate?
Chance
Horizontal gene transfer
Pressure (antimicrobial)
What are 3 ways of Horizontal gene transfer
Conjugation
Transformation
Transduction
What pushes out antimicrobials?
Efflux Pumps
How do bacteria prevent penacillin from working?
By breaking the B-lacate ring
