Intro to Animal Physiology Flashcards

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1
Q

physiology

A

study of: functions that make up living things, their mechanisms, and their regulation

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2
Q

what are the major molecules in animals?

A

carbohydrates
lipids
proteins
nucleic acids

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3
Q

what elements make up the majority of the molecules in animals?

A

hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
carbon

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4
Q

what percentage of body weight is made of water?

A

55-65%

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5
Q

phenotype

A

one’s morphology; appearance (includes physiology and behavior)
product of one’s genotype and evolution

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6
Q

genotype

A

product of evolution
acts through natural selection and other evolutionary processes
can result in multiple phenotypes

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7
Q

phenotypic plasticity

A

the ability of a phenotype to change in response to environmental conditions
typically occurs during development

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8
Q

adaptation

A

changes in a population over evolutionary time from natural selection that improves the survivability or reproductive fitness of the species

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9
Q

homeostasis

A

maintenance of constant internal environment despite changes in the external environment
is NOT an equilibrium

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10
Q

what are the regulatory systems of the body?

A

nervous system and endocrine system

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11
Q

what are the regulatory mechanisms?

A

feedback (positive and negative)
feed forward action
acclimatization

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12
Q

negative feedback

A

regulatory mechanism where a step late in the pathway causes a decrease in the activity of a step earlier in the pathway to reduce the flow through it
most used mechanism
maintains homeostasis

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13
Q

postive feedback

A

regulatory mechanism where a step late in the pathway causes an increase in activity of step earlier in the pathway to increase the flow through it
occurs until the endpoint is reached

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14
Q

feed-forward action

A

anticipates a change in a regulated variable and improves the speed of the homeostatic response

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15
Q

acclimatization

A

adjustment in physiological functions in response to natural changes in the environment
involves multiple factors
is typically reversible

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16
Q

acclimation

A

adjustment in responses to one factor
caused by an artificial change in the environment
laboratory phenomenon