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Anatomy 1300B > Intro To Anatomy > Flashcards

Intro To Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anatomy?

A

Scientific study of the body’s structure and components

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2
Q

What is Physiology?

A

Scientific study of the body’s functions and activities

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3
Q

Definition of the human body

A

Infinitely complex mass of interacting systems, beautifully mechanical

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4
Q

What is basic research?

A

How nature works? And, What causes disease?

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5
Q

What is Translational research?

A

Biological knowledge used to treat disease

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6
Q

What is Clinical Research?

A

Are these treatments effective in humans?

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7
Q

What is the Importance of Human Anatomy? (3)

A
  1. Guiding treatments and therapies
  2. Improving patient care
  3. Promoting health and wellness
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8
Q

True or false: Elevated Cortisol Supports memory

A

False

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9
Q

Can moderate stress sharpen focus?

A

Yes as it triggers “fight or flight” response

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10
Q

What is gross anatomy?

A

Study of structures that can be seen with the naked eye

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11
Q

What is regional Anatomy?

A

Structures within a specific body area (ex head, chest, limbs)
How different body parts work together in one area

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12
Q

What is systemic anatomy?

A

Focused on an individual body system
-how different systems function and coordinate in different ways

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13
Q

What is surface anatomy?

A

Study of general form and external body landmarks to relate to internal structures (ex. Clavicle)

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14
Q

What is microscopic anatomy (histology)?

A

Study of tissues and cells to understand organ structure and function

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15
Q

What is developmental anatomy?

A

Structural changes from fertilization to adulthood
(Growth and maturation)

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16
Q

What is embryology?

A

Studies structural changes from fertilization to 8 weeks, formation of major body structures

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17
Q

What is Pathological anatomy (pathology)?

A

How diseases change the structure of the body
Helps us diagnose and understand different conditions

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18
Q

What is radiographic anatomy?

A

Studies changes in internal structures with imaging techniques

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19
Q

What is functional Morphology?

A

Relationship between structures and their functional roles in the body (anatomy and function)

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20
Q

What are the 6 basic levels of structural organization in the body?

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Cellular
  3. Tissue
  4. Organ
  5. Organ system
  6. Organismal level
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21
Q

What is the chemical level?

A

Atoms form molecules

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22
Q

What is the cellular level?

A

Cells and their functional subunits

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23
Q

What is the tissue level and what are the 4 types of tissues?

A

Group of cells performing a function
Types of tissue
-epithelial
-connective
-muscular
-nervous

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24
Q

What is organ level?

A

Different tissues come together to form an organ

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25
What is organ system level?
Organs work together for a physiological purpose
26
What is organismal level?
Result of all simpler levels working in union Ex. An organism (human being)
27
What is the integumentary system?
Forms external body covering Protects deeper tissue from injury Produces vitamin D
28
What body system has receptors that respond to touch and temperature?
Integumentary system
29
What is the skeletal system?
Protects and supports organs inn the body Provides a framework for the muscles which allows movement to happen Storage system for materials like carbon
30
Where are the red blood cells formed?
Within the bones
31
What is the muscular system ?
Enables movement Allows us to interact with environment and move Controls facial expressions and maintains posture
32
What is the nervous system?
Body’s control centre Activates muscles and glands to keep everything running smoothly Responds to internal and external changes
33
What is the lymphatic system?
Maintains fluid balance Transports nutrients and filters waste Houses white blood cells called lymphocytes Helps body defend itself against foreign invaders
34
What is the respiratory system?
Important part of visceral system Main job is gas exchange and keeping blood oxygenated Maintains blood pH Supports vocalization
35
What is the Digestive System?
Breaks down food into nutrients so body can absorb them and use those nutrients for energy
36
What is the function of the Cardiovascular system?
Circulates blood throughout the body Delivers oxygen and nutrients through blood vessels Remove carbon dioxide waste
37
What is the endocrine system?
Regulate bodily functions Maintains balance and coordination in the body Secrete hormones from glands
38
What is the urinary system?
Eliminates waste from blood Produces and excretes urine Regulates water, electrolyte and acid base balance of the blood
39
What is anatomical position?
Eyes forward Stands erect Palms forward, thumbs away from the body Feet together
40
What is the axial region?
Head, neck and trunk (central axis of the body)
41
What is the appendicular region?
Appendages (limbs ex. Arms and legs)
42
What are the 5 regions of the cephalic region (head)?
Frontal: forehead orbital: eyes Nasal: nose Oral: mouth Mental: chin
43
Is the cervical region axial or appendicular?
Axial
44
What are the 3 regional areas of the thoracic region?
Sternal: centre of chest Axillary: toward the armpit Mammary: nipples
45
What composes the umbilical region?
Bellybutton
46
What are the 6 axial regions?
Cephalic Cervical Thoracic Abdominal Pelvic Genital
47
What are the 4 appendicular regions?
Upper limb region Hand (manus) lower limb Pedal
48
What are the 6 parts of the upper limb region and what do they mean?
Olecranal: elbow Carpal: wrist Brachial: arm Acromial: shoulder Anticubital: front of elbow Antebrachial: forearm
49
What are the 3 parts of the hand (manus) region and what do they mean?
Pollex: thumb Digital: finger Palmar: palm
50
What are the 6 parts of the lower limb region and what do they mean?
Coxal: hip Femoral: thigh Patellar and popliteal: knee Crural: leg Sural: calf Fibular or peroneal: side of leg
51
What are the 5 parts of the pedal region (foot) and what do they mean?
Tarsal: ankle Calcaneal: ankle Metatarsal: top of foot Digital plantar: toes Hallux: big toe
52
What are the three regions in the posterior axial region?
Cephalic (head) Cervical Dorsal (back)
53
What makes up the posterior cephalic region and what does it mean?
Otic: ears Occipital: back of head
54
What are the 6 parts that make up the dorsal region and what do they mean?
Scapular: shoulder blade Vertebral: upper back or spine Lumbar: low back Sacral: between low back and butt Gluteal: butt Perineal: between anus and genitalia
55
What is the sagittal plane of the body?
Vertical plane divides into left and right sides Midsagital plane runs along midline of the body Parasagital planes are offset from the midline
56
What is the coronal plane (frontal) of the body?
Front (anterior) and back (posterior) sections
57
What is the transverse plane?
Top (superior) and bottom (inferior) parts
58
What two body cavities make up the dorsal body cavity?
Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity
59
What two cavities does the ventral body cavity contain?
Thoracic cavity Abdominopelvic cavity
60
What is the function of the cranial cavity?
Houses brainstem, brain and cranial nerves Protects brain from injury Contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for cushioning and pressure regulation
61
What composes the vertebral cavity?
Encloses the spinal cord, spinal nerves and meninges Protects spinal cord from injury CSF cushions and nourishes spinal cord
62
What composes the thoracic cavity?
Above the diaphragm 2 lateral pleural cavities (surround each lung) help with breathing Central mediastinum (heart, great vessels, trachea, and esophagus)
63
What organs make up the abdominal cavity?
Liver, stomach, pancreas and spleen
64
What organs make up pelvic cavity?
Bladder, reproductive organs, rectum
65
What are serous cavities and what do they surround?
Fluid-filled spaces lined with serous membrane Secrete lubricator serous fluid: reduces friction and provides protection Surrounds the abdomino-pelvic cavity
66
What are the 2 layers of Serosa
Parietal Serosa Visceral Serosa
67
What is the Parietal Serosa?
Outer layer lining body cavity walls Reduces friction and anchors organs
68
What is visceral Serosa?
Inner layer covering visceral organs Provides smooth and lubricated surface for movement
69
What are the 3 types of serous cavities?
1. Pleural cavity 2. Pericardial cavity 3. Peritoneal cavity
70
What is the pleural cavity?
Surrounds each lung Contains pleural fluid for smooth lung movement during respiration
71
What is the pericardial cavity?
Surrounds the heart Contains pericardial fluid Provides lubrication and reduces friction as the heart beats
72
What is the Peritoneal Cavity?
Surrounds abdominal organs Contains peritoneal fluid for organ movement and expansion
73
What is located in the right upper quadrant?
Liver Gallbladder
74
What is located in the left upper quadrant?
Diaphragm Spleen Stomach Transverse colon
75
What is located in the right lower quadrant?
Ascending colon of the large intestine Small intestine Cecum Appendix
76
What is located in the left lower quadrant?
Descending colon Sigmoid colon Bladder
77
What happens to specimens in Microscopic anatomy?
They are fixed, sectioned, and stained to highlight anatomical structures
78
What are the two components of clinical anatomy?
Anatomy and medical technique
79
What does an X-ray use to visualize what?
Uses short electromagnetic waves Visualizes bones and dense structures
80
What do you use barium for in medical imaging techniques?
Lower GI using barium as contrast
81
What is a Computed Axial Tomography?
Takes successive X-rays around the body Computer creates detailed cross section images
82
What is an Angiography?
Contrast medium highlights blood vessels Identifies blockages in arteries in heart and brain
83
What is a digital subtraction angiography?
Subtracts pre contrast images to ones taken with contrast
84
What is a Positron Emission Tomography scan (PET)
Forms images by detecting radioactive isotopes into the body
85
What is ultrasound imaging?
Use high frequency sound waves that echo off body tissues Allow us to visualize tissue and fetal development
86
What is Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)?
High contrast images of soft tissues Distinguishes tissues by water content High water content show brighter (ex. Muscles)

Anatomy 1300B (4 decks)

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