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Anatomy 1300B > Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What is the axial skeleton?

A

Central framework of the body, keeps us upright

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2
Q

What are bones made up of?

A

Connective tissue (strength)
Nerves and blood vessels

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3
Q

What is found on the end of bones?

A

Articular cartilage (helps joints move easily where they connect)

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4
Q

What type of tissues is found inside blood vessels?

A

Epithelial tissue which regulates what goes in and out of the body

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5
Q

What is the functional unit of the bones?

A

Osteon

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6
Q

What is Osteon responsible for?

A

Nutrient flow and communication through the bone cells

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7
Q

What are the 6 functions of the bones?

A

To shield organs
Store and release fat (energy)
Produce red blood cells
Store and release minerals
Facilitate movement
Keeps us upright (supporting body)

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8
Q

What are long bones and give an example?

A

More long than wide (a shaft with ends)
Ex. Humerus

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9
Q

What are short bones and give an example?

A

Cube-shaped
Ex. Carpal and tarsals

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10
Q

What are flat bones and give an example?

A

Thin, flattened, curved
Ex. Sternum

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11
Q

What are irregular bones and give an example?

A

Various shaped
Ex. Vertebrae

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12
Q

What are the two type of bones that make up the gross anatomy of bones?

A

Compact bone
Spongy bone

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13
Q

What is a compact bone?

A

Dense outer layer
Looks smooth and solid

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14
Q

What is spongy bone?

A

Has a mesh of bony spines called trabeculae
Trabeculae is filled with marrow

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15
Q

What part of the bone grows?

A

Diaphysis: bone shaft

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16
Q

Where does growth happen during development?

A

At the epiphyses: bone ends

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17
Q

What is the metaphysis?

A

Between epiphyses and disphysis contains growth plate in children

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18
Q

What is the growth plate?

A

made of cartilage and allows for growth (ossifies in adults)

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19
Q

What is the medullar cavity?

A

Hollow space, contains yellow marrow, where bones store fat

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20
Q

What is the periosteum on long bones?

A

Outer membrane, attachment for tendons and ligaments (except where joint are)

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21
Q

What are the Sharpey’s fibres on the long bones?

A

Anchor periosteum to bone (collagen fibers)

22
Q

What do tendons attach vs. Ligaments?

A

T: Muscle to bone
L: bone to bone

23
Q

What is the endosteum of the long bone membrane ?

A

Inner lining, aids growth and remodelling

24
Q

Define tuberosity

A

Large, round and rough projection

25
Define Crest
Narrow, prominent ridge of bone
26
Define trochanter
very large, blunt and irregular
27
Define line
Narrow ridge, less prominent
28
Define tubercle
Small rounded projections or process
29
Define epicondyle
Raised area on or above a condyle
30
Define spine?
Sharp, splender, often pointed projection
31
Define process
Any bony prominence
32
What 3 surfaces form joints?
Head Facet Condyle
33
Define Head
Round bony expansion, on a narrow neck
34
Define facet
Smooth, flat surface where two bones meet
35
Define condyle
Rounded projection/ bump that has a corresponding dip or projection
36
What are depression and opening of bones for?
For passage of vessel and nerves
37
What is a foramen?
Round or oval opening through a bone Depression and opening
38
What is a groove?
Shallow, narrow line Depression and opening
39
What is a fissure?
Deeper slit like opening Depression and opening
40
What is a notch?
Indentation at edge of a structure Depression and opening
41
What is a fossa?
Shallow, bowl-like, serving as an articular surface Depression and opening
42
What is the meatus?
Canal-like passageway Depression and opening
43
What is a sinus?
Cavity within a bone, filled with air, lined with mucous membrane Depression and opening
44
How many bones are in the body?
206 bones
45
How many bones are in the axial skeleton vs appendicular skeleton?
80 verses 126
46
What is the most complex bony structure? How many bones does it have?
The skull Has 22 bones Cranial - 8 Facial - 14
47
What are the two divisions of the cranial bones?
Cranial vault and base
48
What is the role of the cranial bones?
Protects the brain and has attachment sites for the head and neck
49
What is the role of the facial bones?
cavities for senses Forms facial framework Openings for air and food passage Holds teeth
50
What is the cranial fossa?
Bony ridges dividing anterior, middle, and posterior fossae

Anatomy 1300B (4 decks)

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