Intro (TLSAE) Flashcards
What is the most popular drug for those under 21
Alcohol
How many high school seniors have had alcohol
about 4/5, 1/3 of which have drank heavily
3 most popular alcohols
beer, wine, liquor
Does alcohol give you energy?
No
Reason for prohibition
Health issues
Are heavier people less affected by alcohol?
Yes
Can beer permanently damage you?
Yes, in large amounts
Do women or men get drunk faster?
Women
7 drug categories
Medicine, stimulants, depressants, marijuana, inhalants, opioids, and hallucinogens
Stimulants
give you energy and a sense of well-being
i.e. cocaine, crack cocaine, and methamphetamine, caffeine, and nicotine
Biggest supporter of cocaine
Sigmund Freud, father of psychoanalysis. He tested it on himself and recorded observations, and wanted to use it cure his best friend’s morphine addiction. He maid the numbing qualities well known.
Depressants (aka sedatives) i.e.
i.e. alcohol, roofies, liquid ectasy, and xanax
Four classes of depressants
1) General sedatives (e.g., barbiturates)
2) Benzodiazepines (e.g., Rohypnol)
3) Sleeping pills (e.g., Ambien)
4) GHB, also called liquid Ecstasy (Figure 19)
Hallucinogens
i.e. LSD
-Cause hallucinations
-Common hallucination is hearing voices though no one has spoken and crawling feeling on skin. A third is seeing lights or objects that aren’t there.
Opioids
i.e heroin
-found in some poppies
Inhalants
- Include solvents, ether, paints, sprays, amyl nitrite and many gaseous anesthesia agents such as nitrous oxide.
-Inhaled
-Most toxic of all the mentioned drugs
Marijuana
-Produces sedative affects and also is mildly hallucinogenic.
-Nearly all people who have tried marijuana at least once in their life time did so when they were teenagers.
Medicine
These include prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs.
Esophagus and the digestive system
Swallowed food travels down the esophagus
-Muscular tube that leads to our stomach
- the esophagus pushes our food along by a muscle action called peristalsis
Stomach and the digestive system
- muscular walls of stomach expand to accommodate Foods we eat
-Fatty foods usually stay longer
-carbs stay shortwsy
Small intestine in the digestive system
-After the stomach the, digested food goes to the small intestine
- enzymes break down food further into simple molecules to be used by cells
- one important function of a small intestine is to absorb the nutrients from the digestive food into the bloodstream
The large intestine and the digestive system
Food that has not completely digested goes into our large intestine. The large intestine is where water is reabsorbed. The undigested food move down to the rectum and are excreted
Organs of the alimentary canal
Mouth esophagus stomach small intestine and large intestine
Helper organs
Teeth, tongue, salivary glands, gallbladder, liver, pancreas, and bile duct
Salivary glands
In the mouth, secrete saliva, salivary Clans help some drugs get absorbed into the blood vessels lining your mouth
Stomach and the digestive system
Process of digestion kicks into high gear, secretes Lots of gastric juices, which then is passed on to the small intestine where the nutrients are absorbed into the body
Where is most of alcohol absorbed
Small intestine
Liver and the digestive system
Breaks down drugs and alcohol
Right side of heart
Receives blood to all parts of the body
Best side of the heart
Pumps all blood to the body
Two types of blood vessels
Arteries and veins
Arteries carry
Oxygenated blood
Veins carry
Deoxygenated blood
Blood main component
Red blood cells
Cardiovascular system
- Blood returns to the heart after it drops off its oxygen to the body cells
- The heart pumps the blood to the lungs for reload
- Heart pumps reloaded blood it receives from the lung to the body
3 parts of the cardiovascular system
- The heart
- The blood vessels
- The blood cells
Drugs smoked or inhaled
Travel directly to the heart, which delivers the drug as fast as possible
4 heart valves
Right: Tricuspid valve and pulmonary valve
Left: Mitral valve and aortic valve
How the heart pumps
This the blood enters the right atrium, then the right ventricle, and then it is pumped to the lungs. Here, it picks up oxygen and head straight back to the heart. It also picks up drugs here of exist. Finally, the blood goes into the black ventricle and then is pumped directly into the body including the brain.
Functions of the nervous system
- Seat of personality
- Seat of memory
- Seat of learning
- Maintain the bodies internal environment
- Respond to external environment
- Provide motor control
The amygdala, responsible for our memory and emotion, is
Especially sensitive to drugs and alcohol
Spinal cord
Connect the brain with other parts of our body
Peripheral nervous system
Network of smaller nerves that connect the brain and spinal cord with every cell in our body
Neurons
Billions of nerve cells make up the nervous system. Messages travel from one cells dendrite to another cells dendrite by traveling across the Axon. Travel are nearly at the speed of light
Synapse
The space between the dentrovite of one nerve cell in the axon of the next. Greatly impacted by drugs and alcohol
Central nervous system
Center for personality, memory, and fommand center for our actions.
Peripheral nervous system
The network that carries out all of the commands from the brain that control our actions and also returns signals back to the central nervous system for review.
2 main functions of peripheral system
-Conscious and voluntary actions
-Unconscious or involuntary actions
Somatic nervous system
Responsible for voluntary actions
-Controls bodily movement and functions
-Connects brain to myscles
Automatic or autonomic nervous system
-Involuntary actions
-Regulates internal environment
-Connects brain with internal organs
Brain
Target organ for alcohol and drugs
Affects:
-Personality
-Memory
-Learning
-Maintenance of the internal environment
-Response to external environment
-Motor control
Two types of nerve cells
Excitory-speed up when active- and inhibitory-slow down when active.
Alcohol causes nerve cells to
Behave erratically
Methanol
Fuel, shampoo, plastic bottles, fleece jackets
Ethanol
Alcoholic drinks, fuel, solvent
Propanol
Disinfectant, cleaning agent, solvent
Propanol
Disinfectant, cleaning agent, solvent
Butanol
Solvent, ingredient in perfumes
Pentanol
Fuel additive? Solvent, corrosion inhibitor
