Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuroscience > intro neuro > Flashcards

intro neuro Flashcards

1
Q

what is convergence?

A

neurone has synaptic input from a variety of neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is divergence?

A

neurone provides synaptic input to many other neurones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is spatial summation

A

many neurones exert same effect on the post synaptic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is temporal summation

A

several APs arrive in succession to have a greater effect than just one AP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how do EPSPs and IPSPs decay?

A

with exponential time course

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what do IPSPs lead to?

A

hyperpolarisation on the post synaptic membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the 3 classes of neurotransmitter?

A

amino acids; amines and purines; peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

examples of amino acid neurotransmitter

A

glutamate, GABA, glycine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

examples of amines and purines neurotransmitters

A

Ach, NA, 5HT, ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Examples of peptide neurotransmitters

A

CCK, substance P, vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are fast receptors called and how do they work

A

Ionotropic, directly linked to ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are slow receptors and how do they work

A

metabotropic, coupled to effector ion channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the 3 types of glutamate receptor?

A

NMDA glutamate receptors, non NMDA receptors and metabotropic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

which glutamate receptors are fast receptors

A

NMDA and non NMDA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how does the metabotropic glutamate receptor work

A

more long term effects. linked to G proteins and 2nd messenger coupling.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

whats the difference between NMDA and non NMDA receptors

A

non NMDA is not affected by NMDA, activated by AMPA and kainite. NMDA binds NMDA receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the 2 types of GABA receptor

A

GABAa and GABAb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the structure of GABAa

A

2 alpha, 2 beta, 1 gamma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how does GABAa work?

A

opens channel permeable to Cl- membrane hyperpolarises

20
Q

how does GABAb work?

A

activate K+ channels causing hyperpolarisation and inhibits APs

21
Q

what is the structure of GABAb?

A

7 transmembrane domains which are coupled to G proteins

22
Q

what effects do ACHrs have ?

A

both inhibitory and excitatory, mainly excitatory

23
Q

how do mACHrs work?

A

coupled to G proteins. quite slow

24
Q

what are the subtypes of mACHrs

A

M1-5

25
Q

what are M1,3,5 coupled to?

A

phospholipase C

26
Q

what are M2,4 coupled to?

A

negatively coupled to adenylyl cylcase

27
Q

what are the major subtypes of dopamine receptors

A

D1 and D2

28
Q

where are dopamine receptors found

A

throughout CNS, in mesostriatal tract and nigrostriatal tract

29
Q

what does degeneration of tracts associated with dopamine lead to

A

parkinsons

30
Q

what type of transmission are serotonin receptors

A

metabotropic

31
Q

Are 5HT1 receptors inhibitory or excitatory

A

inhibitory (5HT2 excitatory)

32
Q

what stain can be used for CNS tissue

A

Weigerts stain

33
Q

what colour does white matter stain

A

stains darkly as myelinated it contains lipids which the stain is for (grey matter unstained)

34
Q

is there connective tissue in the CNS

A

NO CONNECTIVE TISSUE IN CNS

35
Q

what is a fascicle

A

contains bundles of axons

36
Q

how much of brain is grey matter and how much oxygen does it use

A

40% of brain. uses 96% of O2

37
Q

what fibres interconnect on the same side

A

association fibres

38
Q

what fibres interconnect on the opposite side

A

commissural fibres

39
Q

are there more neurones or neuroglial cells in the CNS

A

10x more neuroglial cells

40
Q

what are the neuroglial cell types

A

oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, microglia

41
Q

what is the function of oligodendrocytes

A

forms myelin sheath, in 10-15 axons

42
Q

what are the functions of astrocytes

A

blood brain barrier, regulate K+, glutamate and Ca2+, produce growth factors for the production of neurones, help in neural migration, some become neurones, synapse formation

43
Q

what is the function of microglia

A

defence (mobile)

44
Q

what is the function of ependymal cells

A

line ventricular system

45
Q

what cells line the entire CNS part of the blood

A

endothelial cells

46
Q

how are neurones grouped

A

nuclei, laminae or reticular formation

Neuroscience (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions