Intro: Epithelial Tissue/Cells Flashcards
What are 4 basic tissues?
- Epithelial Tissue
- Nervous Tissue
- Connective Tissue
- Muscular Tissue
*Composed
- ECM
- Polysaccharides
- Tissue Fluid
What is Parenchyma?
- Cells with specific functions for organs
- Bulk of organs
What are Stroma?
- CT
- Associated blood vessels and nerves
- Supports parenchyma
What 3 tissues Don’t Fit Into Any Basic Tissue Type?
- Germ cells
- Stria Vascularis of the Inner Ear
- Synovial Membranes of Joint Capsules
What are Sarcomas?
- Malignancies that arise from Mesothelium and Endothelium
*Carcinomas
- Malignancies from lining epithelium/endothelium
*Adenocarcinomas
- Malignancies from Glandular Epithelium
What are Mucous Membrane?
- Mucosa
- Lines lumen of organs
- Consist
- Lining epithelium
- Lamina propria
- Basement membrane

What Serous Membrane?
- Serosa
- Lines pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities
- Consist
- Mesothelium
- Supporting CT
- Basement membrane
- Does NOT contain GLANDS
What is Epithelial Tissue?
- Defined by expression of TRANSMEMBRANE ADHESION MOLECULE E-CADHERIN
- Nutrition from underlying CT
- Function
- Skin: Protection from bacteria, chemicals, and excessive loss of water
- Kidneys: Excretion of waste products and reabsorption of material from urine
- Walls of Capillaries and Lungs: Diffusion of gas, liquid, and nutrients
- Air Passage: Removal of Dust
- Type 1 and 2 Pneumocytes
- Small Intestine: Absorption of Digestive Food
- Circulatory System: Reduce friction from Blood and vessels
- Glands: Secretion (Enzymes, Hormones, Lubricating fluids)

What is Pinocytosis?
- Transport Ion-transporting cells
- Tight Junctions present

What is Myoepithelial Cells?
- Contractile Epithelial Cells
- Actin and Myosin filaments in cytoplasm
- Located by
- Basal Lamina (part of basal membrane)
- Basal surface of Acinar Cells
- Contraction
- Squeezes
- Serous acinus and ducts

What are Epithelial Cells?
- Polarized
- Apical present
- Intercellular Junctions
- Transmembrane proteins
* Adhesion of molecules - Rest on Basal Lamina
* Component of Basement Membrane
What are Simple Epithelium?
- Rest on Basement Membrane
* One Cell Layer - Surface specialization
* Cilia and Microvilli - Types
- Simple Squamous
- Passive diffusion
- Ex: Lung alveoli, Blood vessels, and Body Cavity
- Simple Cuboidal/Columnar
- Highly Active
- Lines secretory or absorptive surface (small intestines)
- Function
- Excretion
- Secretion
- Absorption
What is Pseudostratified Epithelium?
- Protection
- Secretion of mucus (goblet cells)
- Movement of mucus by Cilia
What is Simple Squamous Epithelia?
- Thinnest
- Flat, Rounded, Centrally located
- Nuclei
- Function
* Rapid Exchange by diffusion or filtration - Distribution
- Lungs (alveolar sac)
- Mesothelial lining of serous body cavities
- Loop of Henle
- Parietal layer of Glomerular (Bowman) capsule
- Lines Cardiovascular systems

What are Endothelium?
- Prevent blood cell interactions with Vessel Wall
- Role
- Regulation of
- Coagulation
- Leukocyte adhesion
- Vascular smooth muscle cell growth
What are Simple Cuboidal Epithelia?
- Cube-shaped
- Nuclei
- Function
- Filtration
- Secretion
- Absorption
- Excretion
- Distribution
- Line Proximal and distal convulated tubules
- Thyroid glands
- Sweat glands
- Intercalated Ducts
- Bronchioles
- Surface of Ovary

What are Pseudostratified Epithelia?
- Single Layer cells
* Not all cells reach surface - Cilitated
- Function
- Protection
- Secretion of Mucus (goblet cells)
- Movement of mucus by Cilia
- Distribution
- Nasal Cavity
- Trachea
- Bronchi
- Male sexual ducts

What are Simple Coumnar Epithelia?
- Rectangular in Shape
- Cilia and Microvilli
- Nuclei
* Enlongated and basal - Function
* Secretion and Absorption - Distribution
- Mucosal Lining of GIT
- Salivary glands
- Uterus
- Uterine Tube
*Ex: Bronchioles
- Ciliated columnar; movement of particles

What is Stratified Squamous Epithelia?
- Squamous flat
- Highly Mitotic
- Location
* Areas of “Wear and Tear” - Keratinized (Stratum Corneum)
- Only in Epidermis
- Death cells impregnated with fibrous Keratin (cytoskelton protein)
- Non-Keratinized or Mucous Type
- In Superficial cells
- Nucleated and Living
- Location
- Cornea
- Nasal opening
- Esophagus
- Vagina
- Urethral opening

What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelia?
- 2-3 Layers
* Superficial layer - Distribution
- Excretory Ducts
- Sweat glands
- Salivary glands
- Pancreas
- Seminiferous tubules
- Graafian follicles

What are Stratified Columnar Epithelia?
- Rare
- Distribution
- Penile Urethra
- Large (Interlobular and interlobar) ducts of Salivary Glands
- Palpebral Conjunctiva (eye lids)

What are Transitional Epithelium (Urothelium)?
- Between
* Stratified Cuboidal and squamous epithelia - Withstand
- Urine Toxicity
- High degree of Stretching
- Relaxed State
* Cuboidal; 4-5 cells thick - Stretched State
* Squamous; 2-3 Cells thick - Superficial Cells
- Domed/rounded shape
- Umbrella Cells or Pillow Cells
- Distribution
- Renal Calyces
- Renal Pelvis
- Ureter
- Urinary Bladder
