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Histology > Connective Tissue Cells > Flashcards

Connective Tissue Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What does CT consist of?

A
  1. Cells
  • Blasts
    • Undifferentiated
    • Mitotically active cells
    • Secrete Ground Substance and Fibers
  • Cytes
    • Mature cells
    • Maintain matrix
  1. ECM
  • Major Constituent
  • Consist
    • Collagen Fibers (tensile strength)
    • Elastic Fibers (Elasticity)
    • Reticular Fibers (Support loose cells)
    • Tissue Fluid
      • Helps remove Toxins
      • ECF- Diffusion of nutrients
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2
Q

What are 2 Categories for CT Cells?

A
  1. Resident Cells
  • Primary Structural
    • Fibroblasts
      • Healing Process
      • Secretion of Collagen
    • Adipocytes
  • Immunological Function
    • Mast Cells
    • Macrophages
  1. Wandering Cells
  • All Blood Leukocytes
    • Immune Defense and Inflammation
      • Lymphocytes
      • Monocytes
      • Neutrophils
    • Allergy and Parasites
      • Eosinophils
    • Release of Vasoactive agents in Response to Allergen
      • Basophils
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3
Q

What are Fibroblasts?

A
  1. Most abundant CT cell type
  2. Mature
  3. Active matrix secreting cells
    * During growth and wound healing
  4. Nucleus
    * Stains BLUE with H&E
  5. Abundant rER and Prominent Golgi
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4
Q

What are Fibrocytes?

A
  1. Resting Fibroblasts
  2. Quiescent Phase
  3. Function
  • Fiber maintenance
  • NOT fiber production
  1. Undergo reversible changes
    * Become active and multiply for healing process
  2. Stained
    * Heterochromatic (Dark Blue)
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5
Q

What are Myofibroblasts?

A
  1. Increase healing process
  • After healing
    • Undergoes Apoptosis
  1. Contain
  • Fibroblasts
  • Smooth muscle cells
    • Actin and Myosin isoforms

*Failure of Apoptosis

  • Fibrotic disease
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6
Q

What is Musculoaponeurotic Fibromatosis?

A
  1. Dupuytren’s (Trigger Finger)
  2. Peyronie’s Disease
  3. Local proliferation of abnormal fibrous tissue
    * Contains Nodules or Plaque
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7
Q

What are the different types of Macrophages?

A
  1. Macrophages
    * Spleen/lymph nodes
  2. Kupffer
    * Liver
  3. Microglia
    * CNS
  4. Osteoclasts
    * Bone
  5. Histiocytes
    * CT
  6. Dust Cells or Alveolar Macrophages
    * Lungs
  7. Langerhans Cells
    * Skin
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8
Q

What are Macrophages?

A
  1. 10 to 30 µm
  2. Pleiomorphic cell
  3. Nucleus
    * Eccentric and sometimes oval-shaped
  4. Role
  • Early stages of repair
  • Chronic inflammation dominated by Neurtophils granulocytes that are ingested by Macrophages
  • Lysosomes
    • “Scavangers”
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9
Q

What is Innate Immunity?

A
  1. Born immunity
  2. Mechanisms
  • Physical barrier
  • Mechanical Removal (chemicals/toxins)
  • Phagocytosis
  1. Operates with Leukocytes
    * T and B lymphocytes

*Involves Macrophages

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10
Q

What is Adaptive Immunity?

A
  1. Antigen-specific defense mechanism
  2. Develops throughout life

*Involves Macrophages

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11
Q

What is Humoral Immunity?

A
  1. Antibody production
    * Immunoglobulin
  2. Mediated by B-lymphocytes

*Involves Macrophages

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12
Q

What is Cell-mediated Immunity?

A
  1. Mediated by T-lymphocytes
  2. Removes virus-infected cells
  3. Major role in Transplant Rejection

*Involves Macrophages

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13
Q

What are Giant Cells?

A
  1. Multinucleated mass formed by fussion of Epithelioid cells
  2. Simulus for fusion
    * Foreign body too large
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14
Q

What is Foreign-body Giant Cell?

A
  1. Nuclei
    * Disorganized
  2. Evident
  • Implants that cause the body chronic inflammation
  • Ex: Breast Enlargements
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15
Q

What is Langhans Giant Cell?

A
  1. Nuclei
  • Arranged in cell periphery
  • “Horseshoe-shape”
  1. Large cell in Granulomatous conditions
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16
Q

What is Touton Giant Cells?

A
  1. Nuclei
    * Form ring surrounding foamy cytoplasm
  2. Seen in High Lipid Content
  • Fat necrosis
  • Xanthoma
  • Xanthogranuloma
17
Q

What are Mast Cells?

A
  1. 20 to 30 µm in diameter
  2. Cytoplasm
    * Granulated due to Secretory Vesicle
  3. Metachromasia
  4. Nucleus
  • Spherical
  • Basophilic
  1. Location
  • Near blood vessels in
    • CT
    • Mucosa of Respiratory and GIT
18
Q

What are Secretory Granules?

A
  1. Contain
  • Heparin
    • Sulfated GAG
      • Anticoagulant
  • Histamine
    • Promote Vacular permeability and Smooth muscle contraction
  • Serine Proteases
    • Activate mediators of inflammation
  • Cytokines, polypeptides
    • Immune system
  • Phospholipids Precursors
    • Converted to Prostaglandins
    • Lipid mediators
19
Q

What is the relationship between Mast Cells and Allergens?

A
  1. Mast cell surface contain IgE receptors
  2. Causes
  • Type 1 Hypersensitivity Reaction
    • Condition
      • Asthma
      • Allergic rhinitis
      • Conjunctivitis
      • Cutaneous hives
      • Anaphylactic shock
20
Q

What are Lymphocytes?

A
  1. Second most common WBC
  2. 7 to 9 µm in diameter
  3. Cytoplasm
  • Non-granular
  • Pale BLUE staining
  1. Nucleus
  • Large, round, basophilic
  • Heterochromatic staining
  1. Numerous in Lamina Propria
21
Q

What is B Lymphocytes?

A
  1. Short-lived
  2. Circulate in an immature form
  3. Mature in Bone Marrow
22
Q

What is T lymphocytes?

A
  1. Precursors of T cell (leave bone marrow)
  • Killer T cell
  • Helper T cell
  • Treg (T-regulatory cell)
  1. Mature in Thymus
  2. Involved in
    * Cell-mediated Immunity
23
Q

What are Plasma Cells?

A
  1. Tissue resident form of B lymphocyte
    * Differentiate into Plasma cells
  2. Large Ovoid Cells
  3. Nucleus
  • Spherical
  • Chromatin distribution
    • Dense Chromatin (“Cart Wheel” or “Clock-face” appearance)
  1. Function
    * PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES
  2. Location
  • Lymphoid organs
  • Loose CT

Histology (11 decks)

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