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SUMRAD > INTRO-CT, XR, MRI > Flashcards

INTRO-CT, XR, MRI Flashcards

1
Q

What has replaced hard copy images, allow for instanct access?

A

PACs- picture archiving and communication system

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2
Q

When analyzing xray what is first step?

A
  1. Verify name, date
  2. Study- body part, correct side. Pt R is my L.
    OLD films first on L to New- read L to R

Good for- bones, lungs, FB, Air filled organs
AVOID- detail, solid organs, Brain, vasculature

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3
Q

What components are needed to be able to identify structures on Xray?

A
  1. Radiolucent- dark or Radiopaque
    a. air- dark, less dense, radiolucent
    b. fat- dark grey
    c. soft tissue, blood, liver- light grey
    d. bone- cream
    e. metal- white, more dense, radiopaque
  2. Density- inc opaqueness
  3. Thickness- inc opaqueness
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4
Q

Before an Xray is taken what factors must be considered by the tech?

A

HCP should know position
1. NO movement

  1. Magnification-
    a. objects bigger if beam close and IF Pt far from cassette surface
  2. Distortion-
    a. lordotic- object distorted if not perpendicular. Pt in bed, angled. heart base BIG
    b. High clavicle means Lordotic**
  3. NEVER judge cardiomegally from CXR unless it a PA
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5
Q

Describe the planes that can be taken in XR.

A
  1. Frontal/Coronal- PA, ventral to dorsal
  2. PA- beam posterior to Pt, Pt close to cassette ***
  3. Obligue
  4. Cephal-caudal- bird eye, AXIAL
  5. Sagital- L and R
  6. Transverse
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6
Q

What is the ideal systematic approach to read XR?

A 
1. Name, date, study
2a- OBvious ABNormality
2b. Adequate- RIPMA
3. Top to bottom, then Pt R-L
4. Bone, soft tissue, empty spaces
5. Free stuff, FB
6. DONT STOP at big abnormality or when you find what looking for.
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7
Q

How do you locate a foreign body with in the chest?

A

ALWAYS have a orthogonal view

PA and Lateral

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8
Q

What is computed tomography?

A

Contrast or w/o
Series of Xray in spiral form
Slice in 3planes- Frontal/coronal, Sagital, Axial
PT R is my L

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9
Q

What are contraindications for contrast?

A

Barium MC- white iNC density, INC attenuation
NO contrast for KIDNEY stone**, which is white. will miss if contrast used.
AVOID- CR >1.5
3 Cs- CT, contrast, Cr
Allergy
Metformin - d/c 24h b4 test

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10
Q

What subtract stuff not need in CT?

A

3-D orientation

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11
Q

Pt is c/c of CP with rest, PMH of a pacemaker and Stainless steel THR?

A 
AVOID MRI for the following
no metal. 
Stainless steel and titanium ok
Claustrophobic
Long
Loud
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12
Q

What are HCP allowed to interpret w/o a radiologist?

A

CXR

cheap, fast, portable, FB

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13
Q

What are MC use for XRay and CXR?

A 
CXR-Resp sx, CP, PNA
Upper GI- obstruction
Trauma
Face and spine
Air fluid level
Extremities FX

CONS- radiation, very low, poor detail, less precise, poor solid organs, brain, vessels

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14
Q

What is ideal use for CT?

A

Brain, head- seizure, CVA, injury
Chest- tumors, effusion, infx, PE
ABD- inf obstruction, cancer
Extremities

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15
Q

What provides great detail, 3D, reformat. BUT radiation and concern w/ renal fx, cost not portable?

A

CT
NOT good for subtle CVA
Cerebellum or Vertebrobasilar

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16
Q

What do terms mean for CTs?
HIGH/HYPERAttenuation
LOW/HYPOAttenuation

A

HIGH/HYPERAttenuation WHITE-dense
LOW/HYPOAttenuation BLACK
Calculated hounsield unit

17
Q

This imaging is good for Lig, tendons, spinal cord, brainstem, Intracranial, MS, encephalitis, FX, osteomylitis, Tumor, necrorsis, Stones?

A

MRI

18
Q

Which film should be ordered first for CVA?

A

CT w/o contrast

19
Q

Which film should be ordered for meningitis?

A

MRI

20
Q

What do low and high signal in T1 and T2 mean in MRI?

A

T1- fluid BLACK LOW signal, fat WHITE HIGH signal

T2- fluid WHITE HIGH signal, fat black LOW signal

Contrast still white

21
Q

What uses high frequency sound waves?

A 
US
FAST trauma
Cardia, Lung, ABd-OB
Aorta
Biliary
DVT**
Kidney bladder-stones
IV, Cath, Line, intub.
Absess, FB
22
Q

What are major disadvantage of US?

A

Operator dependent

PRos- avail, portable, safe, color doppler, Cheap

23
Q

What are terms for US?

A 
Echo
echogenic- bright, structure
Acoustic shadow- from structure like Ca stones
Anechoic-dark
Hyperecho- white
Hypoehco- grey
24
Q

What is used to diagnosis stage cancers?

A 
Nuclear scans- picks up tracer
PET
Bone Scan
Thyroid scintography
V/Q PE- rare
HIDA gallblader
Cardiac perfusion

High Low uptake-

25
Q

What is contreversial about mammography?

A

Radiation
Low dose xray, US, MRI
Screen and diagnositc.

26
Q

What is used to monitor path of needles, fluid thru tubes: GI swallowing, Angiograms, cystourethrogram, biopsis, FB?

A

Fluroscopy
Angiography**
Depends on modality and contrast

SUMRAD (13 decks)

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