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S3 PTA 205 Ther Ex > Intro (chap 1) > Flashcards

Intro (chap 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Ther-ex

A

Systematic, planned performance of bodily movements, postures, and physical activities to

  1. Remediale or prevent impariements
  2. Improve, restore, or enhance physical function
  3. Prevent or reduce health related risk factors
  4. Optimize overa health status and well-being
    * *skilled and individualized
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2
Q

Balance

A

The ability to align body segments against gravity to maintain or move the body (COM) within available base of support without falling
- the ability to move the body in equilibrium with gravity via interaction of the sensory and motor systems

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3
Q

Cardiopulmonary endurance (fitness)

A

The ability to perform moderate-intensity, repetitive, total body movements over an extended period of time
- walking, joggin, cycling, swimming

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4
Q

Coordination

A

The correct timing and sequencing of muscle firing combined with the appropriate intensity of musclular contraction leading to the effective initiation, guiding, and grading of movement
- basis of smooth, accurate, efficient movement and occurs at a conscious or automatic level

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5
Q

Flexibility (mobility)

A

The ability to move freely, without restriction

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6
Q

Mobility

A

The ability of structures or segments of the body to move or be moved in order to allow the occrrence of ROM for funcional activities
- active requires neuromuscular activation

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7
Q

Mm performance

A

The capacity of mm to produce tension and do physical work

- encompasses strength, power, and mm endurance

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8
Q

Neuromuscular control

A

Interaction of the sensory and motor systems that enables synergistic, agonists, and antagonists, as well as stabilizers and neutralizes, to anticipate or respond to proprioceptive and kinesthetic information.
- must work in correct sequence to reate coordinated movement

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9
Q

Stability

A

The ability of the neuromuscular system through synergistic mm actions to hold a proximal or distal body segment
- proximal stability (core) > distal mobility

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10
Q

Joint stability

A

The maintenance of proper alignment of bony partners of a joint by means of passive and dynamic components

  • active: mm working
  • passive: other structures
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11
Q

Goal = function (6)

A
  1. Mm performance
  2. Cardiovascular endurance
  3. Mobility and flexibility
  4. NMR and coordination
  5. Stability
  6. Balance and equilibrium
    * safety
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12
Q

Ther-ex interventions (10)

A
  1. Aerobic
  2. Mm performance
  3. Stretching techniques
  4. Neuromuscular techniques
  5. Postural control
  6. Balance training
  7. Agility training
  8. Relaxation*
  9. Breathing exercises*
  10. Task-specific

*often missed

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13
Q

Considerations prior to tx

A

ICF model - pt management - clinical decision making

  • pt specific - safe - understand roles and responsibilities - best practice
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14
Q

Clinical decision making

A

Dynamic, complex process of reasoning and analytical thinking that involves making judgments and determinations in the context of patient care

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15
Q

EBP

A
  • identify the problem
  • search literature and collect evidence
  • analyze information found
  • integrate evidence
  • incorporate findings
  • assess outcomes
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16
Q

Pt management model

A

Examination - evaluation - diagnosis - prognosis - intervention - outcomes
*referrals/consultations and re-examination throughout

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17
Q

Motor learning

A

Complex set of internal processes that involves the acquisition and relatively permanent retention of a skilled movement or task through practice

18
Q

Motor performance

A

Acquisition of the ability to carry out a skill, (learning involves both acquisition and retention)

19
Q

Discrete task

A

Involves an action or movement with a recognizable beginning and end.
- isolating and contracting a specific mm group

20
Q

Serial task

A

Composed of a series of discrete movements that are combined in a particular sequence

  • some require specific timing between each segment
  • ex:
21
Q

Continuous task

A

Involves repetitive, uninterrupted movements that have no distinct beginning and ending.
- ex: walking, stairs, cycling

22
Q

Stages of motor learning

A
  1. Cognitive: pt must figure out WHAT to do and HOW to do it. Lots of thinking required
  2. Associative: pt makes infrequent errors and concentrates on fine-tuning the motor task. Timing, problem-solving, less cues add more anticipation
  3. Autonomous: movements are automatic, and possible to multitask (pt discharged before this stage)
23
Q

Closed environment

A

Objects around the pt and the surface on which the task is performed do not move
- pt’s complete attention is on the task

24
Q

Open environment

A

Objects or other people are in motion or the support surface is unstable during the task
- movement in environment is not under pt control

25
Q

Pre-practice conditions

A
  • pt’s understanding of / interest in the task - pt’s attention to task - proper demonstration - environment (safe, open or closed)
26
Q

Practice conditions

A
  1. Part vs whole: break it down into simple tasks and then pul it together
  2. Order: part break down allows change in the order
27
Q

Order (practice conditions)

A
  1. Blocked: same task, same order, same environment
  2. Random: slight variations
  3. Random/blocked: same task, different order. Pt completes more than 1 before changing the order
  4. Physical vs mental: mental rehearsal of a motor task reinforces the cognitive component of motor learning
28
Q

4 main task dimensions in taxonomy

A
  1. The environment in which the task is performed (open or closed)
  2. The intertribal variability of the environment that is imposed on a task (absent = constant, present = demands change from one attempt)
  3. The need for a person’s body to remain stationary or to move during the task
  4. The presence or absence of manipulation of objects during the task (absent = requires UE)
29
Q

Intrinsic feedback

A

Comes from all sensory systems of the learner.

  • Proprioception and sense, direct result from completion task.
  • Continuous source of information that provides knowledge of performance and knowledge of results
30
Q

Extrinsic (augmented) feedback

A

Supplemental and not directly experience by the person.

- Therapist has control of the type, timing, and frequency that the pt receives

31
Q

Knowledge of performance

A

Either intrinsic feedback sensed during a task or immediate, postask, augmented feedback (usually verbal) about the nature or quality of the performance of a motor task

32
Q

Knowledge of results

A

Immediate, posttask, augmented feedback about the outcome of a motor task

33
Q

Concurrent feedback

A

Occurs during the performance of a task

  • real time feedback
  • VC and TC
34
Q

Immediate post response feedback

A

Infor that is given directly after a task is completed

35
Q

Delayed feedback

A

Information that is given after a short interval of time has elapsed, allowing time for the learner to reflect on how well or poorly a task was executed

36
Q

Summary feedback

A

Information that is given about the average performance of several repetitions of a motor skill

37
Q

Variable feedback

A

Occurs irregularly, randomly during practice of a motor task

38
Q

Constant feedback

A

Occurs on a regularly recurring, continuous basis during practice of a motor task

39
Q

Factors that influence adherence

A
  1. Pt-related factors: health lit, motivation, self-discipline, memory, fatigue, stress, etc
  2. Health condition or impairments: acuity, chronicity, severity, stability, etc
  3. Program-related: complexity, supervision, feedback, continuity of settings, etc
40
Q

Strategies to foster adherence

A
  1. Set a good example (posture, mechanics, communication)
  2. Expect pts not to follow plan
    - explore and appreciate pt’s beliefs about exercise
    - keep program brief
    - identify barriers
    - edu of each exercise and functional activity
    - identify how each activity is goal oriented
    - give pt a voice
41
Q

Questions to ask yourself

A
  1. Does pt actually understand activity and able to complete accurately? *never prescribe activity you havent watched
  2. Do they understand medical barriers?
  3. Routine prior to injry?
  4. Do they understand how program will make them feel?
    * *difference between pain and DOMS
    * want to decrease annoyance, panic, and discouragement
    - tell them what to expect!
42
Q

Safety

A

Environment - equipment - mechanics - meds - PMH - CP health - performing activity accurately

S3 PTA 205 Ther Ex (8 decks)

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