Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

S3 PTA 205 Ther Ex > Flexibility (chap 4) > Flashcards

Flexibility (chap 4) Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue

A
  • bone - tendon - mm - skin - hyaline cartilage - joint capsule - fascia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Collagen

A

Found in all connective tissues

  • building block of connective tissues
  • provides tensile strength
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Elastin

A

<1%

- recoil of tissues

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Stress

A

Amount of tension or load placed on the tissues (load / unit area)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Strain

A

Proportional degree of elongation that occurs during stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Recovery

A

Ability of tissues to return to their previous resting state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Creep

A

Gradual lengthening of tissues when they are subjected to constant or repeated stress over a long duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Speed

A

Slower stress = greater strain
***
Faster rates of stress = less elongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Connective tissue properties

A
  1. Elastic deformaiton: ability of a tissue to return to its original resting length when stress is removed
  2. Plastic deformation: tendency of tissue to assume a new and greater length after the stretch force has been removed
    - ex plastic spoon: fast bend and snap, slow bend and bent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Connective tissue retraints

A
  • connective tissue is a passive restraint to joint motion.
  • muscle tissue is an active restraint to joint motion (guarding or contracture)
  • greater flexibility with warmer temps
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Flexibility

A

The ability of a mm to relax and yield to a stretch force

- ability to move a single joint or series of joints smoothly and easily through an unrestricted, pain-free ROM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ROM

A

Amount. Of movement available to a joint moving within its anatomical range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Flexibility determinants

A
  • mm length
  • joint ROM
  • joint mobility
  • extensibility of surrounding soft tissues (skin, tendons, ligaments, joint capsule)
  • joint arthrokinematics and osteokinematics
  • strength (stability, control, position)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Dynamic flexibility

A

Active mobility or active ROM

- limited by strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Passive flexibility

A

Passive mobility or passive ROM

  • dependent on tissue surrounding joint
  • can be a prerequisite, but does not ensure, dynamic flexibility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Static stretching

A

Placing a mm in a fully elongated position and holding that position for a period of time

  • prevent or minimize the risk of soft-tissue injury during activity
  • improve flexibility
  • prevent contracture
  • takes 6+ weeks to increase
  • manual stretch hold at least 60 seconds to produce change
  • low load, long duration takes 20-30 min, best results, decreased injury
17
Q

Dynamic stretching

A

Performed actively by moving joints (pre activity)

  • body weighted or eliminated position
  • through available ROM
  • gradually increase range and speed
  • does not diminish torque production
18
Q

Ballistic stretching

A

Will not use in therapy, not good

  • bounce at end of ROM
  • high risk of injry to the connective and contractile tissue
  • used for cramps
19
Q

Types of stress

A
  1. Tension: the resistance to a force applied i a manner that will lengthen the tissue. A stretching force results in tension stress
  2. Compression: resistance to a force applied in a manner that approximates tissue. Weight bearing througha joint will produce compression stresses
  3. Shear: resistance to 2+ forces that are applied in opposing directions
20
Q

Muscle spindle

A

Major sensory organ of mm and is sensitive to quick and sustained (tonic) stretch
- detect and convey information about mm length changes and the velocity of those chagnes

21
Q

Golgi tendon organ

A

Monitor chagnes in tension of mm-tendon units
- sensitive even slight chagnes of tensions ona mm-tendon unit brought on by passive stretch or active mm contractions during normal movement

22
Q

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF)

A

Reflex inhibition and subsequent elongation of the contractile elements of the mm
- involves the GTO in the myotendious junction, and the mm spindles

23
Q

Autogenic inhibition

A

PNF principle

  • a reglex relation that occurs in the same mm wehere the Golgi tendon organ is stimulated
  • via isometric or isotonic contraction
24
Q

Reciprocal inhibition

A

PNF principle
- contracting the opposing mm group to that being stretched in order to achieve a reflex muscular relation that occurs in the mm that is opposite the mm where the GTO is stimulated

25
Q

Types of PNF

A
  1. Hold relax: gentle isometric contraction of mm being stretched. 6-10 seconds followed by stretch into new range
  2. Contract relax: gentle isotonic contraction of mm being stretched. 6-10 seconds flood by stretch into new range
  3. Slow reversal hold: isometric contraction of mm being stretched followed by active contraction of opposing mm into gained range
26
Q

Parameters for stretching/flexibility/ROM

A
  • always warm up 5-10 min
  • mode: you determine
  • intensity: mild to moderate stretch, no pain! Push to and just past the tissue barrier, SLOWLY
  • duration: 30-60 seconds, 3-5x per series
  • frequency: daily! One needs to stretch at least 3x/week to gain and 1x per week to maintain
  • ignoring stretching can lead to injury, adhesions, and contractures
27
Q

Adhesions

A

Due to scar tissue formation between tissue structure and results from the healing or union of two injured or torn parts

  • collagen fibers are highly unorganized initially but organize based on stresses place on it
  • must wait until car tissue is strong enough (nothing first 5 days, after that, get at it to maintain stretch and movement. 14 weeks post op, too difficult)
28
Q

Contractures

A

Adaptive shortening of the mm-tendon unit and other soft tissues that cross or surround a joint which results in significant resistance to passive or active stretch and limitation of ROM
- low load, long duration stretches

29
Q

Irreversible contractures

A

Longer a contracture exists OR the greater % of normal tissue replaced by scar tissue or bone, the more difficult it becomes to regain optimal mobility of soft tissues = more likely contracture will become irreversible
***EDU to pts and family!

30
Q

Stretch parameters for contractures

A

Requires low load, long duration LLLD

  • aggressive
  • prolonged stretch into restriction x 20-60 min
  • may be done in conjunction with heating
  • bracing
  • serial casting
31
Q

Precautions to stretching

A
  • avoid ballistic stretching to allow relaxation and prevent injry
  • avoid oversretching
  • do not force a joint beyond its normal ROM and do not excessively stretch weak mm
  • use causation with known diseases (osteoporosis, prolonged bedrest, prolonged steroid use, advancing age)
  • stretch carefully if swelling/edema present or if pt has been immobilized for a prolonged length of time
  • residual soreness should not last 24+ hours
  • *dont stretch out functional tightness
32
Q

Contras to stretching

A
  • if motion is limited by bony block
  • across an acute or a non-unioned fracture
  • acutely inflamed and infected tissue
  • hypermobile tissues or joints
  • hypomobile tissues that provide structural or neuromuscular support (subluxation)

S3 PTA 205 Ther Ex (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions