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Immunology > Intro / Cells & Tissues of the Immune Response > Flashcards

Intro / Cells & Tissues of the Immune Response Flashcards

1
Q

Helper T cells have _____ CD proteins.

A

CD4+

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2
Q

Which cytokines do plasmacytoid dendritic cells produce?

A

interferon-alpha (IFNa)

Interferon-beta (IFNb)

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2
Q

Which portion of the thymis is densely packed with immature T cells?

A

The cortex

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3
Q

Where can mast cells be found?

A

Rarely identified in peripheral blood

Present within dermal and mucosal tissues

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3
Q

This CD protein is common to all T lymphocytes.

A

CD3

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4
Q

What do conventional dendritic cells do?

A

They play critical roles in activating naive T lymphocytes

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5
Q

The second most abundant circulating leukocyte.

A

Monocytes

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6
Q

What are dendritic cells?

A

Matured monocyte. Antigen Presenting Cell (APC). Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the cell surface to the T cells of the immune system.

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7
Q

Which type of T cells are largely absent from the circulation and localized preferentially in mucosal surfaces?

A

γδ T cells

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8
Q

About how long do neutrophils circulate?

A

6 hours

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8
Q

In a parasitic infection, you would have high levels of what?

A

Eosinophils

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8
Q

Which cytokines, produced in response to parasite infections, are responsible for the differentiation of myeloid precursor cells into eosinophils?

A

GM-CSF

IL3

IL5

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8
Q

What do plasmacytoid dendritic cells do?

A

They play important roles in anti-biral immune responses

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8
Q

What are the lingual tonsils?

A

behind the terminal tongue underlie a non-keratinized squamous epithelium and possess characterist long branched and unbranched crypts

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10
Q

Spherical cells betweens 12-15 µm in diamter with numerous membrane extensions

A

Neutrophil

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11
Q

Which cells are a rich source of histamine and heparin?

A

Mast cells

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12
Q

Why don’t neutrophils stain very robustly with hematoxylin or eosin?

A

Their proteins are not particularly acidic or basic

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14
Q

This cell has a lobate nucleus, with 3-5 lobes

A

Neutrophil

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15
Q

What are thymocytes?

A

Immature T cells

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16
Q

Fraction in peripheral blood?

PMNs (neutrophils)

A

34-71%

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17
Q

Why are the grandule components in mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils readily identifiable through diagnostic dyes and stains?

A

The granule components are highly charged.

18
Q

The predominant cell type in later phases of the inflammation.

A

Macrophages

19
Q

Within which part of the thymus do thymocytes mature to become immunocompetent T cells?

A

Medulla

21
Q

Neutrophils arise from a hematopoietic precursor cell stimulated with the cytokine ________.

A

G-CSF

21
Q

What is clonal expansion?

A

The proliferation of specific lymphocytes that recognize a single antigenic epitope

22
Q

Fraction in peripheral blood?

Monocytes

A

5-12%

23
Q

What are adenoids?

A

pharyngeal tonsils

24
Q

What are palatine tonsils?

A

Between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches of the oropharynx

25
Q

What is central tolerance?

A

Positive and negative selection of T cells in the thymus

26
Q

Waldeyer’s tonsillar ring

A

oral-nasopharyngeal tonsils, first line of defense against ingested or inhaeld antigens and pathogens

rich follicles with germinal centers

tubal, adenoids, palatine, lingual tonsils

28
Q

Fraction in peripheral blood?

Eosinophils

A

0-7%

29
Q

Fraction in peripheral blood?

Leukocytes

A

100%

31
Q

Which cells survive longer: macrophages or neutrophils?

A

Macrophages

31
Q

Cytolytic T cells have ______ proteins.

A

CD8

32
Q

What are tubal tonsils?

A

located on the roof of the pharynx and are comprised of a partially capsulated lymphoid aggregates subjacent to a ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

34
Q

The majority of T cells express which type of T cell receptor?

A

αβ TCR

35
Q

The most abundant circulating leukocyte

A

Neutrophils

36
Q

List the granulocytes.

A

MBEN

(mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils)

37
Q

Defects in central tolerance lead to immune responses against self-tissue…a process known as

A

Autoimmunity

39
Q

Sequential series of steps that phagocytes go through to remove invading micro-organisms

A

Recruitment

Recognition-Activation

Phagocytosis

Regulation

40
Q

These cells mediate the earliest, most immediate phases of innate immunity.

A

Neutrophils

41
Q

What are the only cells in the body that express clonally distributed antigen receptors?

A

Lymphocytes

42
Q

These CD proteins are typical of almost all B cells.

A

CD19 and CD20

44
Q

List the agranulocytes.

A

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

45
Q

What are the lymphocyte subsets?

A

T cells

B cells

Natural killer cells (NK)

NK-T cells (rare and little understood)

46
Q

Fraction in peripheral blood?

Basophils

A

0-1%

47
Q

Which cytokine is responsible for the maturation of dendritic cells?

A

Flt3-ligand

48
Q

The 2 types of phagocytic immune cells are:

A

Neutrophils (PMNs)

Monocytes/macrophages

49
Q

Fraction in peripheral blood?

Lymphocytes

A

19-53%

50
Q

What do plasma cells in the gut produce?

A

IgA

51
Q

Which antibodies are abundant in the external skin environment?

A

IgA and IgG

52
Q

intraepidermal lymphocytes (IELs)

A

immune sentinels within the epidermal surface

Immunology (9 decks)

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