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Immunology > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria that don’t stain well

A
  • Mycobacteria- TB & Leprosy
  • Mycoplasma
  • Chlamydia
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1
Q

gram negative cocci

A

•Nisseria

  • Menigitis
  • Gonorrhoeae
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2
Q

Which bacteria modulate endocytic pathway?

A

Mycobacterium

Salmonella

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2
Q

oxidase sensitive, alpha hemolytic

A

S. Pneumonia

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3
Q

Pertussis toxin

A

Bordetella

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3
Q

Type III secretion bacteria

A

Salmonella

Shigella

EHEC/EPEC/EIEC

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4
Q

ETA/ETB (exfoliative toxins)

A

S. aureus

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4
Q

action of E. coli LT (heat labile, plasmid) A5B

A

ADP-ribosylates Gs proteins, increases cAMP=diarrhea

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4
Q

Bacteriostatic antibiotics

A

Tetracyclins – 30 S

Macrolides – 50

Choramphenicol – 50 S

Clindamycin – 50 S

Linezolid – 50S

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5
Q

Tetanus toxin (AB)

A

C. tetani

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5
Q

Action of Exotoxins A and B

A

diarrhea (mechanism uncertain)

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5
Q

action of ETA/ETB

A

proteases: scaled skin syndrom (Nikosky sign, Ritter’s syndrome)

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6
Q

oxidase negative, lactose non-fermenting bacteria

A
  • Shigella
  • Salmonella
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6
Q

Shiga toxin

A

Shigella, E. coli

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6
Q

Bactericidal antibiotics

A

Beta-Lactams - PBP

Daptomycin – Cell membrane

Aminoglycosides – 30S

Nalidixic acid

Fluoroquinolones

Rifampin

Fidaxomicin

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8
Q

E. coli ST (heat A STABLE, plasmid)

A

Binds guanylate cyclase, increases gAMP=diarrhea

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8
Q

Type IV secretion bacteria

A

Legionella

Helicobacter

Rickettsia (Rocky Mountain)

Anaplasmosis

Ehrlichiosis

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9
Q

oxidase resistant, alpha hemolytic

A

Viridians

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9
Q

protein A

A

Staph aureus

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10
Q

lactose non-fermenting bacteria

A

Pseudomonas

Shigella

Salmonella

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12
Q

action of SPE A, B, C

A

bind to some combo of MHC and variable chain without regard for usual fit encoded by phage (superantigens)

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13
Q

action of neutrophil activating protein (NAP)

A

recruits neutrophils, monocytes

increases ROIs

tissue damage, ulcers

(H. pylori)

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14
Q

neutrophil activating protein (NAP)

A

H. pylori (CagA+)

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16
Q

gram negative spirochetes

A

•Borrelia
- recurrentis
- burgodoreferi
•Leptospira interogans
•Treponema
- pallidum
- endemicum
- pertenue
- carateum

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18
Q

Which bacteria survive and replicate in phagolysosome?

A

coxiella

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19
Q

Gram positive rods

A
  • Bacillus
  • Clostridia
  • Corynebacterium
  • Listeria
21
Q

action of Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT)

A

interrupts cell cycle progression

22
Q

VacA

A

H. pylori (CagA+)

22
Q

action of Shiga toxin (A5B)

A

B binds to Gb3 terminal galactose residues

STX1 in S. dysenteriae=toxin, no stransmission

STX2 mostly in E. Coli=removes an adenine from 28s rRNA

23
Q
A
24
Q

SPE A, B, C (pyrogenic exotoxins, superantigens)

A

Strep

25
Q

Spore forming bacteria

A
  1. C. Diff
  2. Bacillus anthracis
26
Q

Zinc metalloprotease (lethal toxin)

Edema toxin

A

Bacillus anthracis

27
Q

Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT)

A

Campylobacter jejuni

(genes also in S. dysenteriae, E. coli)

27
Q

antibodies used for Gram Positives only (too big for Gram neg)

A
  1. Clindamycin
  2. Daptomycin
  3. Vancomycin
  4. Cycloserine
  5. Linezolid
  6. Macrolides
29
Q

action of CagA

A

CagAType IV secretion

host tyrosine-phosphorylates

forms pedestal, increases IL-8

(H. pylori)

31
Q

Which bacteria have an alternative trafficking pathway for entering cells?

A

Legionella

Brucella

Chlamydia

32
Q

Streptolysin O (Leukotoxin)

A

Group A strep

34
Q

resistance to this antibiotic often happens in enterococci in hospitals and can be passed horizontally to staph aureus

A

Vancomycin

34
Q

Non-motile bacteria

A
  1. Shigella
  2. Staphylococcus
  3. Streptococcus
  4. Rickettsia
  5. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
35
Q

alpha hemolytic

A

Viridians
S. Pneumonia

36
Q

actino of Protein A

A

bound to peptidoglycan

binds Fc region of IgG

38
Q

Capsule containing bacteria

A
  1. Streptococcus pyogenic: hyaluronic capsule
  2. Strep pneumonia: polysaccharide capsule
  3. Bacterioides: poly capsule
  4. Haemophilus influenzas: polysaccharide b capsule virulent
  5. Pseudomonas aeruginosa: polysacch
  6. Salmonella typhi
  7. Mycoplasma pneumonia – no cell wall but has a capsule
  8. Bacillus anthracis- protein capsule
  9. Neisseria Meningitidis ONLY
40
Q

gamma hemolytic

A

Group D
•Enterococcus

41
Q

Streptolysin S (leukotoxin)

A

Group A Strep

42
Q

action of pertussis toxin (A5B)

A

ADP-ribosylates Gi proteins, decrease inhibition of cAMP=hypoglycemia

43
Q

Group A Strep are very sensitive to which antibiotic?

A

Bacitracin

45
Q

beta-hemolytic

A

Group B
•S. Agalactiaceae

Group A
•S. Pyrogenes

47
Q

action of VacA

A

increases gastric epithelial erosion

alter tight junction = ulcer

(H. pylori)

48
Q
A
49
Q

Botulinum toxin (AB)

A

C. botulinum

50
Q

Exotoxins A and B

A

C. diff

51
Q

bloody diarrhea

A

Campylobacter

Salmonella

Shigella

EHEH, EIEC

52
Q

Lactose fermenting bacteria

A

E. coli

Klebsiella

53
Q

Cholera toxin

A

Vibro cholerae

54
Q

Oxidase positive, lactose non-fermenting bacteria

A

•Pseudomonas

  • aeuruginosa
  • burkholderia

Neisseria

56
Q

CagA

A

H. pylori (CagA+)

57
Q

bacteria with flagella

A

Salmonella

E. coli

Campylobacter - single at poles

H. pylori

Pseudomonas aeruginosa - one polar

58
Q

action of cholera toxin

A

binds to GM-1 receptor, toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP)

ADP-ribosylates G proteins, increases cAMP

diarrhea

lysogenic

60
Q

Which bacteria escape phagosomes and replicate in cytosol?

A

Rickettsia

Shigella

Escherichia coli

Listeria

61
Q

beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive

A

Group A
•S. Pyrogenes

62
Q

Used to treat VRSA

A

sulfonomides

trimethophil

63
Q

action of diptheria toxin (A5B)

A

ADP-ribosylates, activates EF-2. decreases protein synthesis

Death

formalin-inactivated toxoid=vaccine

64
Q

beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant

A

Group B
•S. Agalactiaceae

Immunology (9 decks)

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