Bacteriology Flashcards
Bacteria that don’t stain well
- Mycobacteria- TB & Leprosy
- Mycoplasma
- Chlamydia
gram negative cocci
•Nisseria
- Menigitis
- Gonorrhoeae
Which bacteria modulate endocytic pathway?
Mycobacterium
Salmonella
oxidase sensitive, alpha hemolytic
S. Pneumonia
Pertussis toxin
Bordetella
Type III secretion bacteria
Salmonella
Shigella
EHEC/EPEC/EIEC
ETA/ETB (exfoliative toxins)
S. aureus
action of E. coli LT (heat labile, plasmid) A5B
ADP-ribosylates Gs proteins, increases cAMP=diarrhea
Bacteriostatic antibiotics
Tetracyclins – 30 S
Macrolides – 50
Choramphenicol – 50 S
Clindamycin – 50 S
Linezolid – 50S
Tetanus toxin (AB)
C. tetani
Action of Exotoxins A and B
diarrhea (mechanism uncertain)
action of ETA/ETB
proteases: scaled skin syndrom (Nikosky sign, Ritter’s syndrome)
oxidase negative, lactose non-fermenting bacteria
- Shigella
- Salmonella
Shiga toxin
Shigella, E. coli
Bactericidal antibiotics
Beta-Lactams - PBP
Daptomycin – Cell membrane
Aminoglycosides – 30S
Nalidixic acid
Fluoroquinolones
Rifampin
Fidaxomicin
E. coli ST (heat A STABLE, plasmid)
Binds guanylate cyclase, increases gAMP=diarrhea
Type IV secretion bacteria
Legionella
Helicobacter
Rickettsia (Rocky Mountain)
Anaplasmosis
Ehrlichiosis
oxidase resistant, alpha hemolytic
Viridians
protein A
Staph aureus
lactose non-fermenting bacteria
Pseudomonas
Shigella
Salmonella
action of SPE A, B, C
bind to some combo of MHC and variable chain without regard for usual fit encoded by phage (superantigens)
action of neutrophil activating protein (NAP)
recruits neutrophils, monocytes
increases ROIs
tissue damage, ulcers
(H. pylori)
neutrophil activating protein (NAP)
H. pylori (CagA+)
gram negative spirochetes
•Borrelia
- recurrentis
- burgodoreferi
•Leptospira interogans
•Treponema
- pallidum
- endemicum
- pertenue
- carateum
Which bacteria survive and replicate in phagolysosome?
coxiella
Gram positive rods
- Bacillus
- Clostridia
- Corynebacterium
- Listeria
action of Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT)
interrupts cell cycle progression
VacA
H. pylori (CagA+)
action of Shiga toxin (A5B)
B binds to Gb3 terminal galactose residues
STX1 in S. dysenteriae=toxin, no stransmission
STX2 mostly in E. Coli=removes an adenine from 28s rRNA
SPE A, B, C (pyrogenic exotoxins, superantigens)
Strep
Spore forming bacteria
- C. Diff
- Bacillus anthracis
Zinc metalloprotease (lethal toxin)
Edema toxin
Bacillus anthracis
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT)
Campylobacter jejuni
(genes also in S. dysenteriae, E. coli)
antibodies used for Gram Positives only (too big for Gram neg)
- Clindamycin
- Daptomycin
- Vancomycin
- Cycloserine
- Linezolid
- Macrolides
action of CagA
CagAType IV secretion
host tyrosine-phosphorylates
forms pedestal, increases IL-8
(H. pylori)
Which bacteria have an alternative trafficking pathway for entering cells?
Legionella
Brucella
Chlamydia
Streptolysin O (Leukotoxin)
Group A strep
resistance to this antibiotic often happens in enterococci in hospitals and can be passed horizontally to staph aureus
Vancomycin
Non-motile bacteria
- Shigella
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- Rickettsia
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis
alpha hemolytic
Viridians
S. Pneumonia
actino of Protein A
bound to peptidoglycan
binds Fc region of IgG
Capsule containing bacteria
- Streptococcus pyogenic: hyaluronic capsule
- Strep pneumonia: polysaccharide capsule
- Bacterioides: poly capsule
- Haemophilus influenzas: polysaccharide b capsule virulent
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa: polysacch
- Salmonella typhi
- Mycoplasma pneumonia – no cell wall but has a capsule
- Bacillus anthracis- protein capsule
- Neisseria Meningitidis ONLY
gamma hemolytic
Group D
•Enterococcus
Streptolysin S (leukotoxin)
Group A Strep
action of pertussis toxin (A5B)
ADP-ribosylates Gi proteins, decrease inhibition of cAMP=hypoglycemia
Group A Strep are very sensitive to which antibiotic?
Bacitracin
beta-hemolytic
Group B
•S. Agalactiaceae
Group A
•S. Pyrogenes
action of VacA
increases gastric epithelial erosion
alter tight junction = ulcer
(H. pylori)
Botulinum toxin (AB)
C. botulinum
Exotoxins A and B
C. diff
bloody diarrhea
Campylobacter
Salmonella
Shigella
EHEH, EIEC
Lactose fermenting bacteria
E. coli
Klebsiella
Cholera toxin
Vibro cholerae
Oxidase positive, lactose non-fermenting bacteria
•Pseudomonas
- aeuruginosa
- burkholderia
Neisseria
CagA
H. pylori (CagA+)
bacteria with flagella
Salmonella
E. coli
Campylobacter - single at poles
H. pylori
Pseudomonas aeruginosa - one polar
action of cholera toxin
binds to GM-1 receptor, toxin-coregulated pilus (TCP)
ADP-ribosylates G proteins, increases cAMP
diarrhea
lysogenic
Which bacteria escape phagosomes and replicate in cytosol?
Rickettsia
Shigella
Escherichia coli
Listeria
beta hemolytic, bacitracin sensitive
Group A
•S. Pyrogenes
Used to treat VRSA
sulfonomides
trimethophil
action of diptheria toxin (A5B)
ADP-ribosylates, activates EF-2. decreases protein synthesis
Death
formalin-inactivated toxoid=vaccine
beta hemolytic, bacitracin resistant
Group B
•S. Agalactiaceae