Intro Basic Concepts Flashcards
What are the forces that produce motion at a joint?
Gravity and muscle contraction
What is a force that causes a desired motion?
Prime mover or agonist
What is a force that causes a motion opposite the desired motion?
Antagonist
What are the functions of synergistic muscles?
Stabilize joints and neutralize undesirable motions
What is a basic functional unit of each muscle?
Motor unit
What is a motor unit composed of?
Single motor neuron + muscle FIBER it supplies
What is an isotonic contraction?
Shortening/concentric
What is a static contraction?
Isometric
What is a lengthening contraction?
Eccentric
What are the two major parts of the CNS?
Brain + spinal cord
What is a peripheral nerve?
Group of nerve fibers (axons + supporting cells) located outside CNS
What is a cranial nerve?
Peripheral nerve arising from brain
What is a spinal nerve?
Peripheral nerve from spinal cord
How is a gross spinal nerve formed?
Dorsal + ventral roots from segment of spinal cord combine to form spinal nerve
How long is a typical spinal nerve and how does it terminate?
1 cm long, dorsal and ventral ramus
What are the two kinds of terminal branches of peripheral nerves from rami?
Muscular branches + cutaneous branches
What is efferent?
Motor (Away from CNS)
What is afferent?
Sensory (Towards CNS)
What nerve fiber in dorsal root?
Sensory
SAME DAVE
What nerve fiber in ventral root?
Meotor
What nerve fiber in spinal nerves?
Sensory and motor
What nerve fiber in dorsal rami?
Sensory and motor
What nerve fiber in ventral rami?
sensory and motor
Where are cell bodies for afferent fibers?
Dorsal root ganglion
Where are the cell bodie for efferent fibers?
spinal cord gray mater
What is somatic?
Body wall + extremities
What is visceral?
Internal organs + glands, vessels
What is a dermatome?
The area of skin supplied by single spinal nerve
What is a dermatome supplied by?
Both dorsal + ventral ramus of spinal nerve
How are Xray films viewed?
Always as if you are facing the patient
Right Left
What is radiolucent?
Dark, thin areas
What is radio dense?
White, light areas of Xray, dense
What are five major categories of radio dense materials on X-ray?
Air/gas Fat Soft tissue Bone Metal
How are follow structures visualized?
Radiopaque or radiolucent contrast materials
What is an advantage of CT vs conventional radiograpghy?
Enhanced discrimination of tissues w/ only small differences in radiodensity
Sectional images overcome superimposition
