Intro and Alveolar Bone

Question 1

periodontal disease

Answer 1

plaque-induced, host-mediated, environmentally-modified, site-specific INFLAMMATORY disease manifesting generally chronic gingival inflammation and varying degrees of periodontal attachment loss

Question 2

four main parts of the periodontium

Answer 2

Bone
Cementum
PDL
Gingiva

Question 3

type of tissues the bone, cementum, pdl and gingiva are

Answer 3

HARD = bone and cementum 
Soft = Pdl 
Gingiva = epithelial tissue and second component = soft connective tissue

Question 4

alveolar bone

Answer 4

part of the jawbones circumscribing and forming the TOOTH SOCKETS
part of the jawbones to which the teeth are attached
same overall physical and chemical structures as bone

Question 5

haversian canal

Answer 5

cavity in the bone which houses the blood and nerve supply for the bone
the long axis of the osteon is PARALLEL to the long axis of bone

Question 6

central feature of each osteon

Answer 6

CAPILLARY - bone is a vascularized tissue and the mineralization and homeostasis of bone requires blood supply,
blood supply –> bone volume –> cementum volume
bone forming cells
minerals

Question 7

orientation of axis of osteon

Answer 7

the long axis of the osteon is parallel to the long axis of the bone

Question 8

orientation of axis of volkmanns’s canal

Answer 8

lateral vascular canals (thus non-mineralized) and oriented perpendicular to long axis of the bone - interconnect the adjacent haversion canals in a 3-dimensional network

Question 9

nerve supply in periodontium

Answer 9

derived from branches of the FIFTH CRANIAL NERVE - trigeminal nerve

Question 10

osteoblast

Answer 10

from pluripotent mesenchymal stem cell and is uninucleated (characteristic of a secretory cell) and actively function in secretion and synthesis of the osteoid
communication through gap junctions

Question 11

osteocyte primary function

Answer 11

control of ion fluxes and nutrient utilization

they are the result of entrapped osteoblasts within the osteocyte lacunae

Question 12

osteoclast

Answer 12

‘giant-cells’ - multinucleated typical of scavenger cell. from pluripotenttial hematopoietic stem cell (monocyte derived)

Question 13

two main functions of osteoclasts and the order

Answer 13

1. demineralization comes first with the use of HYDROGEN PUMP =pumping out ions then
2. DEGRADATION of the exposed organic matrix - with TRAP and other proteolytic enzymes like cathepsin B

Question 14

Howships’s lacunae

Answer 14

located in the OSTEOCLASTS and is a result of the resorption process whcih creates these hollowed out depressions or troughs during the active bone resorption

Question 15

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)

Answer 15

osteoclasts synthesize and secret this and other proteolytic enzymes like Cathespin B which results in the second function of osteoclasts in the degradation process (first is demineralizatoin from the action of the proton pump

Question 16

HAP formula

Answer 16

Ca10)PO4)6(OH)2

Question 17

composition of the alveolar bone

Answer 17

67% (50-70%) inorganic mineral composed of hydroxyapatite/hydroxylapaptite

33% organic matrix - and associated cells with 85% collagen fibers
type I collagen is about 98% of that

Question 18

secretions from osteoblasts

Answer 18

ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE
various structural proteins (collagen and non-collagen)
Various growth factors and cytokines

Question 19

alkaline phosphate

Answer 19

secreted from the osteoblasts- found on the outer surface of the plasma membrane.
CLEAVES ORGANICALLY-BOUND PHOSPHATE which is necessary for the initiation and progression of bone mineral crystal growth

can be used diagnostically or experimentally

Question 20

T/F bone formation and resorption are ‘coupled’

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

acid phosphatase

Answer 21

located intracellularly within cytoplasmic granules/vesicles and vacuoles
necessary for resorption

Question 22

alveolar bone formation occurs as what type

Answer 22

intramembraneouos - bone forms directly within mesenchyme