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Oral Biology > Bone Metabolism > Flashcards

Bone Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

osteoblast

A

type of bone cell
synthetic cells and produce bone matrix proteins like type 1 collagen, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin

osteocytes are entrapped within matrix after mature from osteoblasts

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2
Q

bone matrix proteins produced by osteoblasts

A

type 1 collagen
alkaline phosphatase
osteopontin and osteocalcin

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3
Q

osteoclasts

A

degradative cell- resporoption

multinucleated, ruffled border, tartrate- reistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K

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4
Q

origin of osteoclasts vs osteoblasts

A

osteoclacsts are hematopoietic origin as opposed to osteoblasts

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5
Q

what type of bone is seen in the skull more

A

more compact bone than spongy bone

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6
Q

T/F a lot of blood supply in the compact bone (located more on the outside)

A

TRUE

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7
Q

feature of spongy bone

A

gives maximum strength with minimum amount of weight

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8
Q

structures located in the central canal system of bones

A

artery with capillaries, vein, and nerve fiber

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9
Q

bulk of fibers in osteon are?

A

collagen fibers - which provides the maximum strength

the collagen fiber structure will dictate how large the crystals of mineral will be in the skeleton

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10
Q

T/F the blood vessels continue into the medullary cavity containing the marrow

A

TRUE

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11
Q

endosteum

A

layer of bone lining the bony canals and covering the trabeculae

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12
Q

synonyms for spongy bone

A

cancellous bone and trabeculae bone and diploe

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13
Q

where will you find an ossification center?

A

appears in the fibrous connective tissue membrane

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14
Q

describe an ossificatoin center in the fibrous connective tissue membrane

A

selected centrally located mesenchymal cells cluster and differentiate into osteoblasts, forming an ossification center

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15
Q

after an ossification center is seen/produced?

A

osteoblasts begin to secrete OSTEOID - which is the bone matrix and this is secreted within the fibrous membrane

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16
Q

where is the osteoid secretes?

A

WITHIN the fibrous membrane - the osteoblasts become osteocytes

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17
Q

when is the matrix mineralized once secreted?

A

within a few days

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18
Q

3rd step in bone formation

A

woven bone and periosteum form

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19
Q

4th step in bone formation

A

bone collar of compact bone forms and red marrow appears

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20
Q

describe what happens with woven bone and periosteum formation

A

accuulating osteoid is laid down BETWEEN EMBRYIONIC BLOOD VESSELS, which form a random network which is termed network of trabeculae NOT lamellae

vascularized mesenchyme condenses on the external face of the woven bone and become the periosteum

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21
Q

what forms the periosteum

A

condensing mesenchyme

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22
Q

describe the bone collar of compact bone forms and how red marrow appears (4th step)

A

trabeculae just deep to the periosteum thickening, forming a woven bone collar that is later replaced with mature lamellar bone

the spongy bone consisting of distinct trabeculae, persists internally and its vascular tissue becomes red marrow

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23
Q

another name for compact bone

A

lamellar bone

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24
Q

what becomes the red marrow

A

vascular tissue within the spongy bone/trabeculae

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25
what forms the bone collar
thickening just beneath to the periosteum - later this is replaced with mature lamellar bone
26
what do the diploe cavities contain?
diploe (aka spongy bone) cavities contains red marrow
27
pre cursor of long bone formation
cartilage
28
what has to happen with a cartilage precursor bone formation?
chondrocytes have their anti-angiogenesis factor is blocked off/inhibited bring in cells that are FIRST CAPABLE OF DEGRADING THE CARTILAGE MATRIX THEN MAKING BONE MATRIX
29
first step in long bone formation
bone collar forms around the hyaline cartilage model and a primary ossification center in the middle is formed
30
second step in long bone formartion
CAVITATION/ degradation of the hyaline cartilage WITHIN THE cartila ge matrix - see detiorating cartilage matrix
31
third step in long bone formation
invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud and spongy bone formation can start to see blood vessel of periosteal bud
32
fourth stage in long bone formation
formation of the medullary cavity as the ossification continues; appearance of secondary ossification centers in the epiphyses (in prep for stage five) epiphyseal blood vessels - in the secondary ossification center
33
where is the second ossification center seen
in the epiphyses of long bones
34
stage 5 in long bone ossification
ossificatoin of the epiphyses - when completed - only the hyaline cartilage remains over the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages
35
where is hyaline cartilage when long bone ossification is completed
only still persists in the epiphysal plate of the long bone and as articular cartilage at the end of them
36
what is the mechanism of continued growth in long bones
via ZONE OF PROLIFERATION
37
zone of proliferation
growth zone - continued lenghtening of the long bones via this center - cartilage cells undergo mitosis
38
what is required for control of bone growth
hormones are necessary
39
when will the epiphyseal plates close?
about at the time of puberty in response to sex hormones
40
how much of the organic matrix of bone contributes to its weight
45-60% of dry weight of bone is the organic matrix
41
what is the primary protein in the organic matrix of bone
Type 1 collagen
42
what is the configuration of the organic matrix of bone
quarter stagger configuration of tropocollagen molecules resulting in "hole regions" in which mineral is deposited
43
T/F there are non-collagenous proteins of bone in the organic matrix
TRUE
44
Bone as a morphogenetic matrix implications
Demineralized matrix can induce cellular differentiation Bone Morphogenetic Proteins - BMP's Potential for clinical use
45
a demineralized matrix can...
induce cellular differentiation through BMP's - which can stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation
46
noncollagenous proteins of bone functions (4 main)
1. direct cell binding both osteoblasts and osteoclasts 2. control spatial arrangement of mineral deposition 3. Control mineral nucleation +/- with temporal control 4. Control Rates and sires of mineral resorption
47
examples of Noncollagenous proteins of bone
``` Osteonectin Osteopontin Alkaline Phosphatase Growth Factors: PDGF(platalet derived growth factor), alpga 2 macroglobulin Osteocalcin ```
48
osteonectin is a?
noncollagenous protein of bone and is a Ca++ binding protein
49
osteopontin is a ?
noncollagenous protein of bone and known as an "RGD" sequence which stands for arg-gly-asp and mediates attachment
50
alkaline phosphatase is
noncollagenous protein of bone
51
growth factors regarding noncollagenous protein of bone
PDGF, alpha- 2 macroglobulin and the major source of this is within the skeleton
52
osteocalcin is? | what does it contain? implications of production and function
noncollagenous protein of bone and contains gamme-carboxy glutamic acid DEPENDENT on vitamin D for production and DEPENDENT on Vitamin K for function GLA produces binding site for calcium
53
what does GLA produce?
a binding site for calcium - GLA is contained in the noncollagenous protein of bone known as osteocalcin
54
primary mineral component in bone
calcium phosphate in FORM OF HYDROXYAPATITE CRYSTALS
55
formula for hydroxyapatite
[ca12(po4)6(OH)2]
56
what can be substituted into the crystals and implicatoin
other ions like carbonate, fluoride, hydroxyl substitutions will change characteristics of the the mineral and the composition
57
control of mineral deposition
nucleation of mineral deposition | crystal growth
58
T/F enamel does not limitations on growth like bone crystals do
TRUE | - a much larger crystal size is seen in enamel than in bone
59
initiation of mineral deposition
1. increase calcium and/or phosphate concentrations 2. removing inhibitors of mineral deposition 3. synthesis of molecules as nucleation sites
60
inhibitors of mineral deposition
pyrophosphate | magnesium
61
what molecules are synthesized at nucleation sites in favor of initiating mineral deposition
collagen and phosphoproteins
62
bisphosponate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw
6-11% of patients who have been treated with bisphosphaonate drugs for their cancer (multiple myeloma)
63
aminobisphosphonates
implication in eventually getting BRONJ - and in patients who have had recent dental extractions
64
half life for bisphosphonates
up to 12 years -a lot of implications with this
65
what does bisphosponates do
inhibit the osteoclast function - and can induce apoptosis so remodeling of bone does not occur and brittle bone disease can insue
66
what do bisphosphonates have a high affanity for
hydroxyapatite crystals
67
facts about bisphosphonates
analagous to inorganic pyrophosphates with low intestinal absoprtion, secreted through the kidney without metabolic alteration and are incorporated into the skeleton without being degraded
68
T/F the bisphosponates are degraded
false - they are incorporated into the skeleton without being degraded

Oral Biology (12 decks)

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