Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Oral Biology > Bone Metabolism > Flashcards

Bone Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

osteoblast

A

type of bone cell
synthetic cells and produce bone matrix proteins like type 1 collagen, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin and osteocalcin

osteocytes are entrapped within matrix after mature from osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

bone matrix proteins produced by osteoblasts

A

type 1 collagen
alkaline phosphatase
osteopontin and osteocalcin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

osteoclasts

A

degradative cell- resporoption

multinucleated, ruffled border, tartrate- reistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), cathepsin K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

origin of osteoclasts vs osteoblasts

A

osteoclacsts are hematopoietic origin as opposed to osteoblasts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what type of bone is seen in the skull more

A

more compact bone than spongy bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T/F a lot of blood supply in the compact bone (located more on the outside)

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

feature of spongy bone

A

gives maximum strength with minimum amount of weight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

structures located in the central canal system of bones

A

artery with capillaries, vein, and nerve fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bulk of fibers in osteon are?

A

collagen fibers - which provides the maximum strength

the collagen fiber structure will dictate how large the crystals of mineral will be in the skeleton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F the blood vessels continue into the medullary cavity containing the marrow

A

TRUE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

endosteum

A

layer of bone lining the bony canals and covering the trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

synonyms for spongy bone

A

cancellous bone and trabeculae bone and diploe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where will you find an ossification center?

A

appears in the fibrous connective tissue membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

describe an ossificatoin center in the fibrous connective tissue membrane

A

selected centrally located mesenchymal cells cluster and differentiate into osteoblasts, forming an ossification center

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

after an ossification center is seen/produced?

A

osteoblasts begin to secrete OSTEOID - which is the bone matrix and this is secreted within the fibrous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where is the osteoid secretes?

A

WITHIN the fibrous membrane - the osteoblasts become osteocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

when is the matrix mineralized once secreted?

A

within a few days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

3rd step in bone formation

A

woven bone and periosteum form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

4th step in bone formation

A

bone collar of compact bone forms and red marrow appears

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe what happens with woven bone and periosteum formation

A

accuulating osteoid is laid down BETWEEN EMBRYIONIC BLOOD VESSELS, which form a random network which is termed network of trabeculae NOT lamellae

vascularized mesenchyme condenses on the external face of the woven bone and become the periosteum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what forms the periosteum

A

condensing mesenchyme

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe the bone collar of compact bone forms and how red marrow appears (4th step)

A

trabeculae just deep to the periosteum thickening, forming a woven bone collar that is later replaced with mature lamellar bone

the spongy bone consisting of distinct trabeculae, persists internally and its vascular tissue becomes red marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

another name for compact bone

A

lamellar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what becomes the red marrow

A

vascular tissue within the spongy bone/trabeculae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what forms the bone collar

A

thickening just beneath to the periosteum - later this is replaced with mature lamellar bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what do the diploe cavities contain?

A

diploe (aka spongy bone) cavities contains red marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

pre cursor of long bone formation

A

cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what has to happen with a cartilage precursor bone formation?

A

chondrocytes have their anti-angiogenesis factor is blocked off/inhibited
bring in cells that are FIRST CAPABLE OF DEGRADING THE CARTILAGE MATRIX THEN MAKING BONE MATRIX

29
Q

first step in long bone formation

A

bone collar forms around the hyaline cartilage model and a primary ossification center in the middle is formed

30
Q

second step in long bone formartion

A

CAVITATION/ degradation of the hyaline cartilage WITHIN THE cartila
ge matrix
- see detiorating cartilage matrix

31
Q

third step in long bone formation

A

invasion of internal cavities by the periosteal bud and spongy bone formation

can start to see blood vessel of periosteal bud

32
Q

fourth stage in long bone formation

A

formation of the medullary cavity as the ossification continues; appearance of secondary ossification centers in the epiphyses
(in prep for stage five)

epiphyseal blood vessels - in the secondary ossification center

33
Q

where is the second ossification center seen

A

in the epiphyses of long bones

34
Q

stage 5 in long bone ossification

A

ossificatoin of the epiphyses - when completed - only the hyaline cartilage remains over the epiphyseal plates and articular cartilages

35
Q

where is hyaline cartilage when long bone ossification is completed

A

only still persists in the epiphysal plate of the long bone and as articular cartilage at the end of them

36
Q

what is the mechanism of continued growth in long bones

A

via ZONE OF PROLIFERATION

37
Q

zone of proliferation

A

growth zone - continued lenghtening of the long bones via this center
- cartilage cells undergo mitosis

38
Q

what is required for control of bone growth

A

hormones are necessary

39
Q

when will the epiphyseal plates close?

A

about at the time of puberty in response to sex hormones

40
Q

how much of the organic matrix of bone contributes to its weight

A

45-60% of dry weight of bone is the organic matrix

41
Q

what is the primary protein in the organic matrix of bone

A

Type 1 collagen

42
Q

what is the configuration of the organic matrix of bone

A

quarter stagger configuration of tropocollagen molecules resulting in “hole regions” in which mineral is deposited

43
Q

T/F there are non-collagenous proteins of bone in the organic matrix

44
Q

Bone as a morphogenetic matrix implications

A

Demineralized matrix can induce cellular differentiation
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins - BMP’s
Potential for clinical use

45
Q

a demineralized matrix can…

A

induce cellular differentiation through BMP’s - which can stimulate osteoblastic differentiation and bone formation

46
Q

noncollagenous proteins of bone functions (4 main)

A
  1. direct cell binding both osteoblasts and osteoclasts
  2. control spatial arrangement of mineral deposition
  3. Control mineral nucleation +/- with temporal control
  4. Control Rates and sires of mineral resorption
47
Q

examples of Noncollagenous proteins of bone

A 
Osteonectin
Osteopontin
Alkaline Phosphatase 
Growth Factors: PDGF(platalet derived growth factor), alpga 2 macroglobulin
Osteocalcin
48
Q

osteonectin is a?

A

noncollagenous protein of bone and is a Ca++ binding protein

49
Q

osteopontin is a ?

A

noncollagenous protein of bone and known as an “RGD” sequence which stands for arg-gly-asp and mediates attachment

50
Q

alkaline phosphatase is

A

noncollagenous protein of bone

51
Q

growth factors regarding noncollagenous protein of bone

A

PDGF, alpha- 2 macroglobulin and the major source of this is within the skeleton

52
Q

osteocalcin is?

what does it contain? implications of production and function

A

noncollagenous protein of bone and contains gamme-carboxy glutamic acid
DEPENDENT on vitamin D for production and DEPENDENT on Vitamin K for function

GLA produces binding site for calcium

53
Q

what does GLA produce?

A

a binding site for calcium - GLA is contained in the noncollagenous protein of bone known as osteocalcin

54
Q

primary mineral component in bone

A

calcium phosphate in FORM OF HYDROXYAPATITE CRYSTALS

55
Q

formula for hydroxyapatite

A

[ca12(po4)6(OH)2]

56
Q

what can be substituted into the crystals and implicatoin

A

other ions like carbonate, fluoride, hydroxyl

substitutions will change characteristics of the the mineral and the composition

57
Q

control of mineral deposition

A

nucleation of mineral deposition

crystal growth

58
Q

T/F enamel does not limitations on growth like bone crystals do

A

TRUE

- a much larger crystal size is seen in enamel than in bone

59
Q

initiation of mineral deposition

A
  1. increase calcium and/or phosphate concentrations
  2. removing inhibitors of mineral deposition
  3. synthesis of molecules as nucleation sites
60
Q

inhibitors of mineral deposition

A

pyrophosphate

magnesium

61
Q

what molecules are synthesized at nucleation sites in favor of initiating mineral deposition

A

collagen and phosphoproteins

62
Q

bisphosponate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

A

6-11% of patients who have been treated with bisphosphaonate drugs for their cancer (multiple myeloma)

63
Q

aminobisphosphonates

A

implication in eventually getting BRONJ - and in patients who have had recent dental extractions

64
Q

half life for bisphosphonates

A

up to 12 years -a lot of implications with this

65
Q

what does bisphosponates do

A

inhibit the osteoclast function - and can induce apoptosis so remodeling of bone does not occur and brittle bone disease can insue

66
Q

what do bisphosphonates have a high affanity for

A

hydroxyapatite crystals

67
Q

facts about bisphosphonates

A

analagous to inorganic pyrophosphates with low intestinal absoprtion, secreted through the kidney without metabolic alteration and are incorporated into the skeleton without being degraded

68
Q

T/F the bisphosponates are degraded

A

false - they are incorporated into the skeleton without being degraded

Oral Biology (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions