Intro Flashcards
What is the central nervous system made up of?
Brain and spinal chord.
What is the peripheral nervous system made up of?
Somatic and Autonomic PNS. Somatic - controls motor and sensory function eg skin and skeletal funciton. Autonomic - regulates function of viscera: internal organs, smooth muslce, pupils etc
What are the 12 cranial nerves
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Vestibulocochlear Glossopharyngeal Vagus Hypoglossal Accessory
What are the 4 lobes of the brain? What do they control?
Parietal - sensory info
Frontal - personality
Temporal - auditory (speech reognition)
Occipital - Vision
What is the brainstem made of?
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla
What does the cerebellum control?
Fine motor skills
Where does the CNS end and the PNS start?
CNS end at spinal chord, dorsal and ventral roots that emerge are part of PNS
What does the brainstem do?
Regulates vital functions eg conciousness and breathing, it is the most primitive part of the brain and densely packed with fibres. Damage is usually fatal
What does the peripheral NS contain?
Afferent and efferent axons bindled into fascicles surrounded by perineurium. The whole nerve is in a tough epineurium capsule
What are individual axons wrapped in?
Myelin, endoneurium is a layer of connective tissue around myelin. Some are unmyelinated eg pain receptors
How does regeneration differ in PNS and CNS
Axons in peripheral nerves can regenerate from an injury but CNS can’t regenerate over long enough distances to be useful due to inhibitory molecules in PNS
How is axon recovery in CNS compromised?
Inhibitory molecules in CNS but not in the PNS (eg differences in myelin)
Absence of guidance cues that stimulate axon growth during development
Some loss of intrinsic axon growth capabilities by the neurones
What are the meninges
Three layers of protective tissue that surround the neuraxis meninges of brain and spinal cord and are continuous and linked by magnum foramen
What do neurones do?
Transmit and receive action potentials or stimulate target tissue
Which roots of the spinal chord are part of PNS
Dorsal and ventral
What pathways are important in sensory perception?
Dorsal column - medial lemniscus pathway
Spinothalamic pathway
What is the medial lemniscus pathway important for?
Fine touch, vibration, two point discrimination
What is the spinothalamic pathway important for?
Convey pain and temperature sensation
Whats the term when something from your left hand functions on the left side of your brain (same side)? What about other side?
Ipsilateral
Other side : contralateral
What pathways are important for motor function?
Lateral corticospinal tract and vestibulospinal tract
What does the lateral corticospinal tract do?
Ipsilateral movement so injury on this side leads to issues on same side
What does the vestibulospinal tract do?
Know if you’re standing up or lying down - keeps balance
What does the spinal chord contain?
-ascending and descending tracts
What’s in grey matter
Neuronal cell bodies
