Intro Flashcards
3 parts of blood
- Plasma
- Buffy Coat
- RBC
What does plasma contain
- Clotting/coagulation factors
- Albumin
- Antibodies
What does the Buffy Coat contain
- Platelets
- WBC/leucocytes
3 functions of blood
- Transport
- Maintenance of vascular integrity
- Protection from pathogens
How are O2 and CO2 transported in the blood
In RBC
How are nutrients, waste and “messages” transported in the blood
In plasma
What prevents “leaks” from the vascular system
Platelets + Clotting factors
What prevents “blockages” of the vascular system
Anticoaglulants + Fibrinolytics
What part of blood is responsible for antigen recognition and antibody formation
Lymphocytes
What part of blood is responsible for phagocytosis + killing
Granulocytes/monocytes
RBC AKA
Erythrocyte
6 types of Myeloid cells
- Erythrocyte
- Platelets
- Neutrophil
- Monocyte
- Basophil
- Eosinophil
5 types of WBC
- Lymphocyte
- Neutrophil
- Monocyte
- Basophil
- Eosinophil
Where is bone marrow located
-Bones (mainly axial in elderly)
What does bone marrow look like
Stroma + sinusoids
The differentiation “pathway” for RBC
Erythroblast => Reticulocyte => Erythrocyte
What does Reticulocyte count measure
RBC production
What does Erythropoietin do, where is it made and why
- Stimulates RBC production in bone marrow
- Made in kidney
- Made in response to hypoxia
Consequences of anaemia
-Poor gast transfer leading to; Dyspnoea + Fatigue
Possible causes of anaemia
Increased loss or decreased production
-Bleeding or haemolysis (loss)
-Iron, folate, Vit B12 deficiency (production)
Thalassaemia (production)
What is Thalassaemia
- Inherited blood disorder
- Caused by defective gene
- Leads to abnormal haemoglobin
When would you see microcytic hypochromic RBCs
Iron deficiency (anaemia)
When would you see Macrocytic RBCs
Folate deficiency (anaemia)
When would you see Schistocytes
Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome
What does thrombopoietin do
Stimulates the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes => Platelets
Where is thrombopoietin made
Liver
2 types of platelet pathology
- Thrombocytosis
- Thrombocytopenia
Function of neutrophils
Ingest + destroy pathogens (esp. bacteria + fungus)
Causes of neutrophilia
- Infections
- Inflammation (MI, post-op, RA)
Causes of neutropenia
Decreased production or increased consumption
- Drugs or marrow failure (production)
- Sepsis or autoimmune (consumption)
