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Haematology > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

3 parts of blood

A
  • Plasma
  • Buffy Coat
  • RBC
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2
Q

What does plasma contain

A
  • Clotting/coagulation factors
  • Albumin
  • Antibodies
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3
Q

What does the Buffy Coat contain

A
  • Platelets

- WBC/leucocytes

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4
Q

3 functions of blood

A
  • Transport
  • Maintenance of vascular integrity
  • Protection from pathogens
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5
Q

How are O2 and CO2 transported in the blood

A

In RBC

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6
Q

How are nutrients, waste and “messages” transported in the blood

A

In plasma

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7
Q

What prevents “leaks” from the vascular system

A

Platelets + Clotting factors

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8
Q

What prevents “blockages” of the vascular system

A

Anticoaglulants + Fibrinolytics

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9
Q

What part of blood is responsible for antigen recognition and antibody formation

A

Lymphocytes

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10
Q

What part of blood is responsible for phagocytosis + killing

A

Granulocytes/monocytes

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11
Q

RBC AKA

A

Erythrocyte

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12
Q

6 types of Myeloid cells

A
  • Erythrocyte
  • Platelets
  • Neutrophil
  • Monocyte
  • Basophil
  • Eosinophil
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13
Q

5 types of WBC

A
  • Lymphocyte
  • Neutrophil
  • Monocyte
  • Basophil
  • Eosinophil
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14
Q

Where is bone marrow located

A

-Bones (mainly axial in elderly)

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15
Q

What does bone marrow look like

A

Stroma + sinusoids

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16
Q

The differentiation “pathway” for RBC

A

Erythroblast => Reticulocyte => Erythrocyte

17
Q

What does Reticulocyte count measure

A

RBC production

18
Q

What does Erythropoietin do, where is it made and why

A
  • Stimulates RBC production in bone marrow
  • Made in kidney
  • Made in response to hypoxia
19
Q

Consequences of anaemia

A

-Poor gast transfer leading to; Dyspnoea + Fatigue

20
Q

Possible causes of anaemia

A

Increased loss or decreased production

-Bleeding or haemolysis (loss)
-Iron, folate, Vit B12 deficiency (production)
Thalassaemia (production)

21
Q

What is Thalassaemia

A
  • Inherited blood disorder
  • Caused by defective gene
  • Leads to abnormal haemoglobin
22
Q

When would you see microcytic hypochromic RBCs

A

Iron deficiency (anaemia)

23
Q

When would you see Macrocytic RBCs

A

Folate deficiency (anaemia)

24
Q

When would you see Schistocytes

A

Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome

25
Q

What does thrombopoietin do

A

Stimulates the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes => Platelets

26
Q

Where is thrombopoietin made

A

Liver

27
Q

2 types of platelet pathology

A
  • Thrombocytosis

- Thrombocytopenia

28
Q

Function of neutrophils

A

Ingest + destroy pathogens (esp. bacteria + fungus)

29
Q

Causes of neutrophilia

A
  • Infections

- Inflammation (MI, post-op, RA)

30
Q

Causes of neutropenia

A

Decreased production or increased consumption

  • Drugs or marrow failure (production)
  • Sepsis or autoimmune (consumption)

Haematology (24 decks)

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