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Haematology > Haematological Malignanacies > Flashcards

Haematological Malignanacies Flashcards

1
Q

What cells can be involved in myeloid malignancies

A
  • RBCs
  • Platelets
  • Monnocytes
  • Granulocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils)
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2
Q

What cells can be involved in lymphoid malignancies

A
  • B Cell

- T Cell

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3
Q

Difference between Leukaemia and Lymphoma

A
  • Leukaemia = Bone marrow

- Lymphoma = Lymphoid tissue

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4
Q

6 major groups of haematological malignancies

A
  • Acute lukaemia
  • Chronic leukaemias
  • Malignant lymphomas
  • Multiple myeloma
  • Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS)
  • Chronic myeloproliferative diseases
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5
Q

2 types of acute + chronic leukaemia

A
  • Acute = acute lymphoblastic (ALL)and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML)
  • Chronic = Chronic myeloid (CML) and chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)
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6
Q

2 types of malignant lymphomas

A
  • Non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL)

- Hodgkin lymphoma (HL)

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7
Q

Peak age of incidence of Hodgkin Lymphoma

A

~15-25yrs

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8
Q

Describe acute leukaemia

A
  • Leukaemic cells don’t differentiate
  • Bone marrow failure
  • Rapidly fatal if untreated
  • Potentially curable
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9
Q

Describe chronic leukaemia

A
  • Leukaemic cells able to differentiate
  • No bone marrow failure
  • Survival = few years
  • Not curable without Bone Marrow Transplant
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10
Q

What happens in bone marrow failure

A
  • Anaemia (?aplastic anaemia?)
  • Thrombocytopenic bleeding (purpura + mucosal bleeding)
  • Infection due to neutropenia (mainly bacterial + fungal)
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11
Q

Lymphoma presentation

A
  • Nodal disease = Lympadenopathy (>90% HL present with nodal disease and ~60% NHL present with purely nodal disease)
  • Extranodal disease (~40% NHL present with an extranodal component)
  • Systemic symptoms
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12
Q

5 systemic symptoms of lymphoma

A
  • Fever
  • Drenching sweats
  • Weight loss
  • Pruritis (itchy skin)
  • Fatigue
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13
Q

Most likely cause of localised + painful lymphadenopathy

A

Bacterial infection in draining site

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14
Q

Causes of localised + painless lymphadenopathy

A
  • Rare infections (TB)
  • Metastatic carcinoma from draining site
  • Lymphoma
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15
Q

Difference between lymphadenopathy in metastatic carcinoma and lymphoma

A

Both localised + painless

  • Metastatic carcinoma = Hard (craggy?)
  • Lymphoma = Rubbery
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16
Q

Causes of generalised + painful/tender lymphadenopathy

A

-Viral infections (EBV, CMV, HIV, Hepatitis)

17
Q

Causes of generalised + painless lymphadenopathy

A
  • Lymphoma
  • Leukaemia
  • Connective tissue diseases (sarcoidosis)
  • Drugs
18
Q

Clinical features of multiple myeloma

A
  • Bone pain + lytic lesions
  • Anaemia
  • Recurrent infections
  • Renal failure
  • Bleeding tendency
  • Hyperviscosity syndrome
  • Amyloidosis
19
Q

What is amyloidosis

A
  • Build-up of amyloid in organs and tissues

- Leads to organ failure

Haematology (24 decks)

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